查看更多>>摘要：Managing respiratory status of patients with COVID-19 is a high resource， high risk healthcare challenge。 Interventions that decrease need for invasive respiratory support and utilization of bedside staff would benefit patients and healthcare personnel alike。 Proning has been established as optimal positioning that may reduce the need for escalation of respiratory support。 We propose a new application of a wearable device to decrease supine positioning and ameliorate these risks。
Miller, Lauren E.Alterman, Ron L.Naples, James G.Sadler, Samantha...
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查看更多>>摘要：Tinnitus is a complex symptom that manifests as the perception of sound in the absence of external stimuli。 There are various patient-related factors and co-morbidities associated with tinnitus， however， the impact of hearing status on tinnitus is poorly understood。 Various works suggest that tinnitus may originate in the central nervous system (CNS)。 Reports of tinnitus resolution following central insult provide further support for this concept。 Based on these reports of tinnitus resolution， a line of research evaluating deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the caudate as a therapy for tinnitus has emerged。 The emerging data show early promise and independent evaluation of this work suggests that hearing status may influence localization of tinnitus within the caudate。 We closely review the available reports of tinnitus resolution following central insult and tinnitus outcomes in DBS to hypothesize that the CNS origins of tinnitus may vary based on hearing status。 Our interpretation of the available literature suggests that the anterior aspect of the caudate may be a location for tinnitus intervention in patients with normal hearing or mild hearing loss (HL) and more posterior locations in the caudate may be a region of intervention in patients with moderate/severe HL。 Ultimately， this concept may shift the paradigm of thought on tinnitus to offer clinically and anatomically relevant information with targeted therapeutic options。
查看更多>>摘要：The pathogen burden， defined by the frequency of antibodies to several viruses and a parasite， is greater in Hispanic whites and black populations than it is in non-Hispanic whites， in the USA。 The poor and those without higher education also have higher pathogen burdens。 The most frequent pathogen that was measured， was the Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)。 This virus can inactivate most of the elements in the immune system， that are designed to protect against the incursions of viruses， bacteria and other pathogens。 HSV-1 can also damage the blood brain barrier (BBB)， which prevents the entry of pathogens into the central nervous system。 Without the help of HSV-1， the COVID-19 virus may not be able to cause serious illness or death in humans。 A prophylactic treatment to contain HSV-1， could be vital in the fight against COVID-19。
查看更多>>摘要：The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is able to produce an excessive host immune reaction and may leads to severe diseasea life-threatening condition occurring more often in patients suffering from comorbidities such as hypertension， diabetes and obesity。 Infection by human corona viruses highly depends on host microRNA (miR) involved in regulation of host innate immune response and inflammation-modulatory miR-146a is among the first miRs induced by immune reaction to a virus。 Moreover， recent analysis showed that miR-146 is predicted to target at the SARS-CoV-2 genome。 As the dominant regulator of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) downstream signaling， miR-146a may limit excessive inflammatory response virus。 Downregulation of circulating miR-146a was found in diabetes， obesity and hypertension and it is reflected by enhanced inflammation and fibrosis， systemic effects accompanying severe COVID-19。 Thus it could be hypothesized that miR-146a deficiency may contribute to severe COVID-19 state observed in diabetes， obesity and hypertension but further investigations are needed。
Parssinen, M.Jasberg, H.Mikkonen, J. J. W.Kullaa, A. M....
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查看更多>>摘要：Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is the most common ulcerative diseases of oral mucosa affecting an estimate of 20% of the world's population。 Majority of the people affected by RAS are under 30 years of age。 RAS is located on the lining (non-keratinized) oral mucosa， i。e。 buccal mucosa， lateral side of the tongue， soft palate， lip mucosa， or the floor of mouth。 An aphthous ulcer develops when lymphocytic cells infiltrate into the epithelium and cause an edema due to transient inflammatory stimuli。 Bacteria， viruses and fungi have been suggested to cause aphthous lesions， but findings regarding oral pathogens are conflicting。 Prior consensus has been that RAS is a multifactorial condition， with microbes， allergies， nutritional deficiencies， genetic factors， certain illnesses， immunodeficiency， hormonal changes， trauma and stress among others， contributing to the condition。 In spite of many suggestions and investigations， the etiology and pathophysiology of RAS remains uncertain。
查看更多>>摘要：Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is a chronic， inflammatory， demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized primarily by transverse myelitis (TM) and optic neuritis (ON)。 Serum antibodies of the IgG class to the water channel protein aquaporin-4 (AQP4) are associated with NMOSD in most cases。 These antibodies are thought to cause functional abnormality or changed expressional pattern of AQP4 channel proteins in the CNS lesions。
查看更多>>摘要：The human X-box binding protein 1 is a transcription factor that is expressed by cellular oxidative stress。 We aimed to analyze the relationship between early pregnancy loss and maternal blood X-box binding protein 1 levels。 Patients who presented to our Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic between October 2019 and February 2020 were included in this study。 Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 included healthy pregnant women and Group 2 included patients who were diagnosed with missed abortion。 First， blood samples were taken from the patients in group 2 when they were diagnosed with missed abortion。 While evaluating the patients in group 1， the average gestational weeks of the patients in group 1 were calculated and blood samples were taken between the same weeks。 Next， patients with healthy pregnancy in group 1 were followed up prospectively and double screening test were performed at the perinatology outpatient clinic at the end of the 1st trimester， and the blood results of the patients with normal results were evaluated。 Blood samples extracted from these patients were centrifuged at 80 degrees C and stored until analyses。 Serum X-box binding protein 1 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (Cusabio， Wuhan， China)。 Eighty-five patients were included in this study: 42 in Group 1 and 43 in Group 2。 There was no difference between the groups in terms of age， body mass index， ethnicity， and systemic illness。 Serum X-box binding protein 1 levels were significantly higher in Group 2 (129。89 +/- 7。58 ng/L) than in Group 1 (119。56 +/- 5。99 ng/L) (p < 0。001)。 Serum X-box binding protein 1 levels higher than the cut-off value of 119。05 ng/L were associated with a higher risk of early pregnancy loss。 Serum X-box binding protein 1 levels may be used to predict early pregnancy loss; however， additional comparative studies are required to confirm this result
NSTL
Elsevier