查看更多>>摘要：Our hypothesis proposes that activating x-opioid receptors (KORs) may inhibit the progression of breast cancer and improve patient prognosis. Consequently, KORs may become a promising therapeutic target for breast cancer. Activating KORs induces not only analgesic efficacy comparable to ?-opioid receptors but also shows a promising antitumor effect and with fewer opioid-induced adverse effects. Based on present studies and our bioinformatics analysis of KORs, we propose that KORs can function as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting angiogenesis in human breast cancer; therefore, analgesics that mainly activate KORs would be more suitable for breast cancer patients.
查看更多>>摘要：Some studies state that laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is associated with possible direct tumor cell seeding to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) site. However, there is a lack of experimental proof that LSCC tumor tissue can adhere and grow in distant sites. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the growth pattern of LSCC implants on chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and evaluate possible associations between clinical course of the disease and behavior of experimentally implanted LSCC tumors. Our results show that implanted LSCC tissue survives on CAMs in 95% of cases while retaining essential morphologic characteristics and proliferative capacity of the original tumor. We identified the increased CAM vascularization, an infiltrative growth pattern of the implant and formation of distant isolated metastatic nodes on the CAMs. LSCC tumors with worse differentiation degree (G2 or G3) adhered to the experimental CAMs significantly better than G1. These results facilitate the understanding of tumor biology and allow hypothetisezing that dissemination and direct implantation of LSCC cells into the stomal wall during the pull PEG procedure might be possible.
查看更多>>摘要：HIV is a pandemic and continuously raises problem across the world. This disease puts an immense pressure on treatment modalities. There are only few clinically accepted drugs available for the treatment and few molecules under clinical development. Although, the antiretroviral drugs give reliable and positive response on control of virus replication but during the long treatment, it has been affirmed that there are number of side effects. With recent advancements in biotechnology, nanomaterials such as gold and silver etc. are proving to be a game changer in targeted drug delivery treatment. As gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are biocompatible natural excipients, a lot of scientists are very eager to investigate more about the immune effects of AuNPs to create a safe and cost effective treatment that could potentially help in the reduction of numerous toxic effects present in the existing treatments of various critical diseases like cancer and HIV etc. In this context, the present hypothesis recommends the use of combination drug delivery strategy based on gold nanoparticles that could pave the way to overcome adverse results of existing delivery techniques of antiretroviral drugs to treat HIV. This review also highlights the fact that a proper development of this gold nanoparticle combination antiretroviral drug delivery approach will not only help to suppress the virus multiplication but also target the viral entry area by attaching with gp120 (glycoprotein 120), and inhibit the binding with CD4 (Cluster of differentiation 4) T cells.
查看更多>>摘要：Thyroid nodules are among highly prevalent thyroid diseases. To make a distinction between benign and malignant thyroid nodules are of cumbersome significance for each endocrinologist. There is no unique and completely accurate diagnostic test, method, or even biomarker that points to a malignant thyroid nodule. Many studies in modern thyroidology are conducted to determine the usefulness of individual biomarkers, which could help clinicians detect thyroid nodules? potential malignant nature. One interesting biomarker with a promising diagnostic potential for the thyroid gland pathological conditions is nitric oxide (NO). Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression is increased in thyroiditis cases and even more in thyroid carcinoma cases, directly connected with increased NO levels in both pathological conditions. We hypothesize that the basal levels of nitrite/ nitrate in serum and biopsy washout could indicate nodules? malignant nature.
Sanghavi, Devang K.Titus, AnoopCaulfield, Thomas R.Freeman, W. David...
3页
查看更多>>摘要：We summarize the role of endothelin as a potent vasoconstrictor, pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidative agent in the pathophysiologic effects and end-organ dysfunction of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Endotheliitis is an under-recognized pathophysiologic process that causes various types of dysfunction in end organs, including heart, lung, kidney, and brain. Endothelin receptor blockers, such as bosentan and sitaxentan, can pave a path ahead in the realm of COVID-19 therapies. These agents have a potential role against COVID-19 and should be studied in research trials to determine their efficacy in treatment of this severe disease.
查看更多>>摘要：The power-duration relationship is well documented for athletic performance and is formulated out mathematically in the critical power (CP) model. The CP model, when applied properly, has great predictive power, e. g. pedaling at a specific power output on an ergometer the model precisely calculates the time over which an athlete can sustain this power. However, CP presents physiological inconsistencies and process-oriented problems. The rapid development of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure muscle oxygenation (SmO2) dynamics provides a physiological exploration of the CP model on a conceptual and empirical level. Conceptually, the CP model provides two components: first CP is defined as the highest metabolic rate that can be achieved through oxidative means. And second, work capacity above CP named W?. SmO2 presents a steady-state in oxygen supply and demand and thereby represents CP specifically at a local level of analysis. Empirically, exploratory data quickly illustrates the relationship between performance and SmO2, as shown during 3-min allout cycling tests to assess CP. During these tests, performance and SmO2 essentially mirror each other, and both CP and W? generate solid correlation with what would be deemed their SmO2 counterparts: first, the steady-state of SmO2 correlates with CP. And second, the tissue oxygen reserve represented in SmO2, when calculated as an integral corresponds to W?. While the empirical data presented is preliminary, the proposition of a concurring physiological model to the current CP model is a plausible inference. Here we propose that SmO2 steady-state representing CP as critical oxygenation or CO. And the tissue oxygen reserve above CO would then be identified as O?. This new CO model could fill in the physiological gap between the highly predictive CP model and at times its inability to track human physiology consistently. For simplicity?s sake, this would include acute changes in physiology as a result of changing climate or elevation with travel, which can affect performance. These types of acute fluctuations, but not limited to, would be manageable when applying a CO model in conjunction with the CP model. Further, modeling is needed to investigate the true potential of NIRS to model CP, with a focus on repeatability, recovery, and systemic vs local workloads.
NSTL
Elsevier