查看更多>>摘要：Depression is the second leading cause of disability in the world。 Despite developing some efficacious treatments， many patients do not respond to the treatment well due to the complexity of depression and unknown mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis。 It has been reported that patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) experience autonomic dysfunctions in different aspects。 Evidence suggests that modulation of the autonomic nervous system may improve depression。 Von Economo neurons (VENs) are shown to be involved in the path-ophysiology of some of the neurological and psychological diseases。 VENs are also important for the "ego" formation， sense of empathy， intuition， and cognition。 These neurons express a high level of adrenoreceptor alpha 1a， which confirms their role in the autonomic function。 Here， based on some evidence， I propose the hypothesis that these neurons may play a role in depression， possibly through being involved in the autonomic function。 More focused studies on VENs and their possible role in depression is suggested in future。 This pathway may open a new window in the treatment of depression。
Urmi GhoneGargi S SarodeNamrata SenguptaSachin C Sarode...
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查看更多>>摘要：Introduction: Evolution and modernization have brought into existence new complications of diseases with themself。 One such disease is lichen planus (LP)， which is considered a chronic mucocutaneous disorder as well as a psychosomatic disorder affecting the oral and genital mucous membranes， nails， skin and scalp。 Oral lichen planus (OLP) is the mucosal counterpart of cutaneous LP and is characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations ranging from mild reticular pattern to severe erosive form。 Although LP shows a strong association with psychological stress， the exact etiology is still unknown。 Nonetheless， the literature strongly supports pathogenesis based on T cell-mediated autoimmunity。 Predisposing or aggravating factors such as mechanical trauma， contact allergens in dental restorative materials or toothpastes， drugs， viral infections， bacterial infections， fungal infections or unidentified agents， may instigate the expression of the LP antigen。
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