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Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology
Pergamon Press
Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology

Pergamon Press

0079-6107

Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology/Journal Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology
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    Editorial for volume 172

    Noble D.
    2页
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Xanthohumol: An underestimated, while potent and promising chemotherapeutic agent in cancer treatment

    Vesaghhamedani S.Ebrahimzadeh F.Najafi E.Shabgah O.G....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdToday, there is a growing interest nowadays in the use of herbal substances as cancer therapeutic agents. Over recent years, Xanthohumol (XTL) has been brought out as a prenylated chalcone that is found in hops (Humulus lupulus) and beer. XTL is being investigated for its potential properties, and it has been found to have various biological effects, including anti-microbial, anti-viral, and immunomodulatory. Other than these biological effects, it has also been found that XTL exerts anti-tumor effects. In the beginning, XTL, by modulating cell signaling pathways, including ERK, AKT, NF-κB, AMPK, Wnt/β-catenin, and Notch signaling in cancer cells, inhibits tumor cell functions. Moreover, XTL, by inducing apoptotic pathways, either intrinsic or extrinsic, promotes cancer cell death and arrests the cell cycle. Furthermore, XTL inhibits metastasis, angiogenesis, cancer stemness, drug resistance, cell respiration, etc., which results in tumor aggressiveness inhibition. XTL has low solubility in water, and it has been hypothesized that some modifications, including biotinylation, can improve its pharmacogenetic characteristics. Additionally, XTL derivates such as dihydroXTL and tetrahydroXTL can be helpful for more anti-tumor activities. Using XTL with other anti-tumor agents is another approach to overcome tumor cell resistance. XTL or its derivatives, it is believed, might provide novel chemotherapeutic methods in future cancer therapy.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Theoretical approaches used in the modelling of reversible and irreversible mitochondrial swelling in vitro

    Khmelinskii I.Makarov V.I.
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Existing theoretical approaches were considered that allow modelling of mitochondrial swelling (MS) dynamics. Simple phenomenological kinetic models were reviewed. Simple and extended biophysical and bioenergetic models that ignore mechanical properties of inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), and similar models that include these mechanical properties were also reviewed. Limitations of these models we considered, as regards correct modelling of MS dynamics. It was found that simple phenomenological kinetic models have significant limitations, due to dependence of the kinetic parameter values estimated by fitting of the experimental data on the experimental conditions. Additionally, such simple models provide no understanding of the detailed mechanisms behind the MS dynamics, nor of the dynamics of various system parameters during MS. Thus, biophysical and bioenergetic models ignoring IMM mechanical properties can't be used to model the transition between reversible and irreversible MS. However, simple and extended biophysical models that include IMM mechanical properties allow modelling the transition to irreversible swelling. These latter models are still limited due to significantly simplified description of biochemistry, compared to those of bioenergetic models. Finally, a strategy of model development is proposed, towards correct interpretation of the mitochondrial life cycle, including the effects of MS dynamics.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Neo-Darwinism must Mutate to survive

    Brown O.R.Hullender D.A.
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdDarwinian evolution is a nineteenth century descriptive concept that itself has evolved. Selection by survival of the fittest was a captivating idea. Microevolution was biologically and empirically verified by discovery of mutations. There has been limited progress to the modern synthesis. The central focus of this perspective is to provide evidence to document that selection based on survival of the fittest is insufficient for other than microevolution. Realistic probability calculations based on probabilities associated with microevolution are presented. However, macroevolution (required for all speciation events and the complexifications appearing in the Cambrian explosion) are shown to be probabilistically highly implausible (on the order of 10?50) when based on selection by survival of the fittest. We conclude that macroevolution via survival of the fittest is not salvageable by arguments for random genetic drift and other proposed mechanisms. Evolutionary biology is relevant to cancer mechanisms with significance beyond academics. We challenge evolutionary biology to advance boldly beyond the inadequacies of the modern synthesis toward a unifying theory modeled after the Grand Unified Theory in physics. This should include the possibility of a fifth force in nature. Mathematics should be rigorously applied to current and future evolutionary empirical discoveries. We present justification that molecular biology and biochemistry must evolve to aeon (life) chemistry that acknowledges the uniqueness of enzymes for life. To evolve, biological evolution must face the known deficiencies, especially the limitations of the concept survival of the fittest, and seek solutions in Eigen's concept of self-organization, Schr?dinger's negentropy, and novel approaches.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The role of mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel in diseases

    Wang X.Cao W.Shi C.Zhang H....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdMechanotransduction is associated with organ development and homoeostasis. Piezo1 and Piezo2 are novel mechanosensitive ion channels (MSCs) in mammals. MSCs are membrane proteins that are critical for the mechanotransduction of living cells. Current studies have demonstrated that the Piezo protein family not only functions in volume regulation, cellular migration, proliferation, and apoptosis but is also important for human diseases of various systems. The complete loss of Piezo1 and Piezo2 function is fatal in the embryonic period. This review summarizes the role of Piezo1 in diseases of different systems and perspectives potential treatments related to Piezo1 for these diseases.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    An overview of the biological effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields combined with ionizing radiation

    Gholipour Hamedani B.Goliaei B.Shariatpanahi S.P.Nezamtaheri M....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdBy growing the electrical power networks and electronic devices, electromagnetic fields (EMF) have become an inseparable part of the modern world. Considering the inevitable exposure to a various range of EMFs, especially at extremely low frequencies (ELF-EMF), investigating the biological effects of ELF-EMFs on biological systems became a global issue. The possible adverse consequences of these exposures were studied, along with their potential therapeutic capabilities. Also, their biological impacts in combination with other chemical and physical agents, specifically ionizing radiation (IR), as a co-carcinogen or as adjuvant therapy in combination with radiotherapy were explored. Here, we review the results of several in-vitro and in-vivo studies and discuss some proposed possible mechanisms of ELF-EMFs' actions in combination with IR. The results of these experiments could be fruitful to develop more precise safety standards for environmental ELF-EMFs exposures. Furthermore, it could evaluate the therapeutic capacities of ELF-EMFs alone or as an improver of radiotherapy.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Decrypting the mechanistic basis of CRISPR/Cas9 protein

    Panda G.Ray A.
    17页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdCRISPR/Cas system, a newly but extensively investigated genome-editing method, harbors practical solutions for various genetic problems. It relies on short guide RNAs (gRNAs) to recruit the Cas9 protein, a DNA cleaving enzyme, to its genomic target DNAs. The Cas9 enzyme exhibits some unique properties, like the ability to differentiate self vs. non-self - DNA strands using the base-pairing potential of crRNA, i.e., only CRISPR DNA is entirely complementary to the CRISPR repeat sequences at the crRNA whereas the presence of mismatches in the upstream region of the spacer permit CRISPR interference which is inhibited in case of CRISPR-DNA, allosteric regulation in its domains, and domain reorientation on sgRNA binding. Several groups have contributed their efforts in understanding the functioning of the CRISPR/Cas system, but even then, there is a lot more to explore in this area. The structural and sequence-based understanding of the whole CRISPR-associated bacterial ortholog family landscape is still ambiguous. A better understanding of the underlying energetics of the CRISPR/Cas9 system should reveal critical parameters to design better CRISPR/Cas9s.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Cybernetics as a conversation with the Cosmos

    Torday J.S.
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdNorbert Wiener was the first to functionally define cybernetics as “the study of control and communication in the animal and the machine”. Herein, it is shown that as a manifestation of physiology, cybernetics can be further reduced to cell-cell signaling to maintain homeostasis, bridging Newtonian 3rd Order Cybernetics with Quantum Mechanical 4th Order Cybernetics as our ‘conversation with the Cosmos’ based on Quantum Entanglement, constrained by non-localization. As such, cybernetics can be scientifically tested in toto from the functional to the metaphysical, rendered physical as communication for the first time. If that is correct, then the sooner we begin operating based on Quantum Mechanical principles, the sooner we will function based on predictive algorithms.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A special role for the genotype? Some comments on Keith Baverstock: “The gene: An appraisal”

    Roll-Hansen N.
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThere is at present uneasiness about the conceptual basis of genetics. The gene concept has become blurred and there are problems with the distinction between genotype and phenotype. In the present paper I go back to their role in the creation of modern genetics in the early twentieth century. The terms were introduced by the Danish botanist and geneticist Wilhelm Johannsen in his big textbook of 1909. Historical accounts usually concentrate on this book and his 1911 paper “The Genotype Conception of Heredity.” His bean selection experiment of 1900–1903 is generally assumed to be the source of his genotype theory. The present paper examines the scientific context and meaning of this experiment, how it was received, and how the genotype theory became securely established by the early 1910s. I argue in conclusion that the genotype/phenotype distinction, which provides the empirical basis for Johannsen's gene, was scientifically well founded when introduced and still is. Keith Baverstock's criticism does not consider the force of the bean selection experiment at the time and as a paradigm for following investigations of heredity.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier