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Sleep medicine
Elsevier Science
Sleep medicine

Elsevier Science

1389-9457

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    Obstructive sleep apnea is highly prevalent in COVID19 related moderate to severe ARDS survivors: findings of level I polysomnography in a tertiary care hospital

    Goyal, AbhishekSaxena, KhushbooKar, AvishekKhurana, Alkesh...
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：Study objectives: Studies have found Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) as a risk factor for increased risk for COVID19 Acute respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS); but most of the studies were done in already known patients of OSA. This study was done to find prevalence of OSA in patients with COVID-19 related acute respiratory distress syndrome. Methodology: A hospital based longitudinal study was conducted among COVID 19 Intensive Care Unit (ICU) survivors. All consecutive COVID19 with moderate to severe ARDS were evaluated for OSA by Level I Polysomnography (PSG) after 4-6 weeks of discharge. Prevalence of OSA and PSG variables {Total sleep time, Sleep efficiency, sleep stage percentage, Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI), T90, nadir oxygen} was estimated. Results: Out of 103 patients discharged from ICU during study period (October 2020 to 15 December 2020), 67 underwent Level I PSG. Mean Age was 52.6 +/- 10.9 years and mean Body Mass Index was 27.5 +/- 6.2 kg/m(2). Total sleep time was 343.2 +/- 86 min, sleep efficiency was 75.9 +/- 14.2%. OSA (AHI >= 5) was seen in 65/67 patients and 49 patients had moderate to severe OSA (ie AHI >= 15). Conclusion: Moderate-severe OSA was highly prevalent (73%) in COVID19 moderate to severe ARDS survivors. Role of OSA in pathophysiology of COVID19 ARDS needs further evaluation. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    COVID-19 associated nervous system manifestations

    Prasad, KartikayKumar, VijayKhatoon, Fatima
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona-virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a global pandemic in the last year. Along with major respiratory distress, a myriad of neurological manifestations was also reported to be associated with COVID-19 patients. These cases indicate that SARS-CoV-2 can be considered as an opportunistic pathogen of the brain. SARS-CoV-2 enters the brain through the olfactory bulb, retrograde axonal transport from pe-ripheral nerve endings, or via hematogenous or lymphatic routes. Notably, COVID-19 infection can cause or even present with different neurological features including encephalopathy, impaired consciousness, confusion, agitation, seizure, ataxia, headache, anosmia, ageusia, neuropathies, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, we provide a brief review of observed neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19.(c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A year in review: sleep dysfunction and psychological distress in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic

    Pappa, SofiaSakkas, NikolaosSakka, Elpitha
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Covid-19 outbreak has taken a substantial toll on the mental and physical wellbeing of healthcare workers (HCWs), impacting healthcare systems at a global scale. One year into the pandemic, the need to establish the prevalence of sleep dysfunction and psychological distress in the face of COVID-19, identify risk and protective factors and explore effective countermeasures remains of critical importance. Despite implicit limitations relating to the quality of available studies, a plethora of evidence to-date suggests that a considerable proportion of HCWs experience significant sleep disturbances (estimated to afflict every two in five HCWs) as well as mood symptoms (with more than one in five reporting high levels of depression or anxiety). Younger age, female gender, frontline status, fear or risk of infection, occupation, current or past mental health concerns, and a lower level of social support were all associated with a greater risk of disturbed sleep and adverse psychological outcomes. Furthermore, we discuss the link between sleep deprivation, susceptibility to viral infections and psychosocial wellbeing, in relevance to COVID-19 and summarize the existing evidence regarding the presence and predictors of traumatic stress/PTSD and burnout in HCWs. Finally, we highlight the role of resilience and tailored interventions in order to mitigate vulnerability and prevent long-term physical and psychological implications. Indeed, promoting psychological resilience through an enhanced social support network has proven crucial for HCWs in coping under these strenuous circumstances. Future research should aim to provide high quality information on the long-term consequences and the effectiveness of applied interventions.(c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Circadian disturbances, sleep difficulties and the COVID-19 pandemic

    Salehinejad, Mohammad AliAzarkolah, AnitaGhanavati, ElhamNitsche, Michael A....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed extraordinary and unpredictable changes on our lifestyle for an unknown duration. Consequently, core aspects of wellbeing including behavior, emotion, cognition, and social interactions are negatively affected. Sleep and circadian rhythms, with an extensive impact on physiology, behavior, emotion, and cognition are affected too. We provided an updated overview of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on circadian rhythms and sleep based on the results of published studies (n = 48) in three sections. First, we focus on circadian misalignment due to the pandemic in the general population (including shift workers, health staff, students) and COVID-19 patients and summarize the most critically contributing factors to circadian misalignment. Next, we address sleep difficulties and poor sleep quality during the pandemic, their contributing factors, rate and prevalence, and their effects on both the general population and COVID-19 patients. Finally, we summarize the currently applied/recommended interventions for aligning circadian rhythms and improving sleep quality in both, the general population, and COVID-19 patients during the pandemic situation. Briefly, circadian misalignment and sleep difficulties are common consequences of the pandemic in the general population (with elderly, students, children, health and night-work shifters as risk groups) and COVID-19 patients. Home confinement and its physiological, circadian, and psychological derivates are central to these difficulties. Symptoms severity, treatment progress, recovery duration, and even diagnosis of COVID-19 patients are considerably affected by circadian and sleep difficulties. Behavioral interventions for normalizing the factors that contribute to circadian and sleep difficulties are helpful.(c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Sleep disorders and COVID-19

    Bhat, SushanthChokroverty, Sudhansu
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：This chapter summarizes the known associations between COVID-19 and sleep dysfunction, including insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, restless legs syndrome and nightmares, and touches upon pandemic-related considerations for obstructive sleep apnea and continuous positive airway pressure treatment. Treatment strategies and management approaches are also briefly discussed. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Insomnia symptoms during the early and late stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis*

    Li, YunChen, BaixinHong, ZhuotingSun, Qimeng...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background: Evidence suggests that the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the prevention/control measures for COVID-19 may cause insomnia during the acute phase of COVID-19 pandemic in China. However, it is unclear whether insomnia sustains during the later phases of the pandemic.Methods: We searched PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO and China National Knowledge Infra-structure from the 27th December 2019 to the 2nd February 2021. As early stage studies on COVID-19 pandemic in China were defined as those conducted prior to April 1st, 2020, while late stage studies were those conducted after April 1st, 2020.Results: A total of 98 studies with 193,889 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of insomnia symptoms among all populations was 39.1% (95% CI 36.2-42.0%); the pooled prevalence of insomnia symptoms during the early and late stages of COVID-19 in China were 37.0% (95% CI 34.1-39.9%) and 41.8% (95% CI 33.6-50.0%), respectively. Importantly, there was no significant difference regarding the prevalence of insomnia symptoms between the early and late stages of COVID-19. Meta -regression showed that healthcare workers, COVID-19 patients, patients with chronic medical conditions and patients with mental disorders had a higher prevalence of insomnia symptoms compared to the general population. This association remained significant in healthcare workers and patients with chronic medical conditions after adjusting for age, gender, areas of high or low prevalence of COVID-19 cases, anxiety and depression.Conclusions: Over one third of our sample present insomnia symptoms during the early stage of COVID-19 pandemic in China. Interestingly, prevalence of insomnia symptoms sustains high during the late stage of the pandemic despite the control of the disease and the amelioration of its adverse effects. Our findings suggest that insomnia symptoms related to COVID-19 appear to persist of over time.(c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Associations between COVID-19 related stigma and sleep quality among COVID-19 survivors six months after hospital discharge

    Ju, NiuHu, YuqingXiao, XinXu, Hui...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background: Many COVID-19 survivors reported stigmatization after recovery. This study investigated the association between stigma (discrimination experiences, self-stigma and perceived affiliate stigma) and sleep quality among COVID-19 survivors six months after hospital discharge.Methods: Participants were recovered adult COVID-19 survivors discharged between February 1 and April 30, 2020. Medical staff of five participating hospitals approached all discharged COVID-19 period during this period. A total of 199 participants completed the telephone interview during July to September, 2020. Structural equation modeling was performed to test the hypothesize that resilience and social support would mediate the associations between stigma and sleep quality.Results: The results showed that 10.1% of the participants reported terrible/poor sleep quality, 26.1% reported worse sleep quality in the past week when comparing their current status versus the time before COVID-19. After adjusting for significant background characteristics, participants who had higher number of discrimination experience, perceived stronger self-stigma and stronger perceived affiliate stigma reported poorer sleep quality. Resilience and social support were positively and significantly associated with sleep quality. The indirect effect of self-stigma on sleep quality through social support and resilience was significant and negative. Perceived affiliate stigma also had a significant and negative indirect effect on sleep quality through social support and resilience.Conclusions: Various types of stigma after recovery were associated with poor sleep quality among COVID-19 survivors, while social support and resilience were protective factors. Resilience and social support mediated the associations between self-stigma/perceived affiliate stigma and sleep quality.(c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Coronavirus infections from 2002 to 2021: neuropsychiatric manifestations

    Barthorpe, AmberRogers, Jonathan P.
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Coronaviruses have been known to infect humans for several decades and there are four endemic subtypes: HCoV (human coronavirus)-229E,-NL63,-OC43 and-HKU1. These mainly cause a mild upper respiratory illness, but occasionally in vulnerable individuals they can result in more severe respiratory disease and, rarely, CNS involvement. Prior exposure to these viruses has also been associated with an increased odds of having a major psychiatric illness. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), caused by SARS-CoV, started in 2002 and, as well as causing a more severe respiratory phenotype, was also associated with delirium and affective symptoms acutely. Psychosis occurred in about 1% of individuals and was generally thought to be due to corticosteroid administration. The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), caused by MERS-CoV, revealed similar findings. Survivors of both SARS and MERS reported persistent physical and psychological symptoms at least several months after the acute illness. The reported neuropsychiatric symptoms of COVID-19 range from the common symptoms of systemic and upper respiratory infections to severe and disabling conditions. Delirium has been described using varying terminology; as well as being a possible presenting feature of COVID-19, it has also been shown to be a marker of severe disease. Stroke, both ischaemic and haemorrhagic, have been reported to be more common in COVID-19 than in other medical illnesses. Mood and anxiety disorders are likely to be common at follow-up, while psychosis remains rare and controversial. 'Long Covid' is likely to represent a highly clinically and aetiologically heterogeneous group. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier