首页期刊导航|Japanese journal of clinical oncology.
期刊信息/Journal information
Japanese journal of clinical oncology.
Foundation of Clinical Oncology.
Japanese journal of clinical oncology.

Foundation of Clinical Oncology.

0368-2811

Japanese journal of clinical oncology./Journal Japanese journal of clinical oncology.
正式出版
收录年代

    Management of prostate cancer in older patients

    Narita, ShintaroHatakeyama, ShingoSakamoto, ShinichiKato, Takuma...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：The incidence of prostate cancer among older men has increased in many countries, including Asian countries. However, older patients are ineligible for inclusion in large randomized trials, and the existing guidelines for the management of patients with prostate cancer do not provide specific treatment recommendations for older men. Therefore, generation of evidence for older patients with prostate cancer is a key imperative. The International Society of Geriatric Oncology has produced and updated several guidelines for management of prostate cancer in older men since 2010. Regarding localized prostate cancer, both surgery and radiotherapy are considered as feasible treatment options for intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer even in older men, whereas watchful waiting and active surveillance are useful options for a proportion of these patients. With regard to advanced disease, androgen-receptor axis targets and taxane chemotherapy are standard treatment modalities, although dose modification and prevention of adverse events need to be considered. Management strategy for older patients with prostate cancer should take cognizance of not only the chronological age but also psychological and physical condition, socio-economic status and patient preferences. Geriatric assessment and patient-reported health-related quality of life are important tools for assessing health status of older patients with prostate cancer; however, there is a paucity of evidence of the impact of these tools on the clinical outcomes. Personalized management according to the patient's health status and tumour characteristics as well as socio-economic condition may be necessary for treatment of older patients with prostate cancer.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Oxford Univ Press

    Management of elderly patients with bone and soft tissue sarcomas: JCOG Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Study Group

    Tanaka, KazuhiroOzaki, Toshifumi
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：Approximately, 40% of bone sarcomas and 60% of soft tissue sarcoma arise in patients aged >= 65 years. However, because sarcoma is very rare, there is little evidence regarding the management of elderly patients with sarcoma. Age has been reported as a prognostic factor in patients with sarcomas. The standard therapy for all localized bone and soft tissue sarcomas is surgical resection, even in elderly patients. Radiation or ion-beam therapy can be considered for unresectable sarcomas. Although adjuvant chemotherapy is standard for osteosarcoma, the usefulness of adjuvant chemotherapy for elderly patients has not been verified; therefore, it may not be recommended for elderly patients with osteosarcoma. For elderly patients with advanced osteosarcoma, if general conditions permit, doxorubicin- and/or ifosfamide-based regimens as well as molecular-targeted therapies, including sorafenib, regorafenib and everolimus, may be considered, although these drugs have not been approved for sarcoma in Japan. Adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin plus ifosfamide is recommended for patients with high-risk localized soft tissue sarcoma if they are aged <= 70 years. For first-line treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcoma in elderly patients, doxorubicin monotherapy is considered to be the standard regimen, and pazopanib can be an alternative. For second-line treatment, gemcitabine-based regimens, pazopanib, trabectedin and eribulin may be options for elderly patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Oxford Univ Press

    Nuclear protein of the testis midline carcinoma of the thorax

    Saiki, AyaeSakamoto, KeitaBee, YuanIzumo, Takehiro...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Nuclear protein of the testis (NUT) midline carcinoma (NMC) is a rare tumor that typically presents in the head, neck, and chest region. NMC is characterized by rearrangement of the NUTM1 gene. It mainly affects children and young adults and is rapidly progressive and lethal. Reportedly, the prognoses of NMCs of the head and neck improve following aggressive initial surgical resection +/- postoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or radiotherapy (RT). However, as NMC of the thorax was identified later, treatments to improve its prognosis are yet to be identified. Our review reveals that NMC is an extremely rare cancer, and most patients remain undiagnosed. Furthermore, this review outlines the clinical characteristics of NMC of the thorax and the prospects for its treatment.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Oxford Univ Press

    Overview of the ethical guidelines for medical and biological research involving human subjects in Japan

    Eba, JunkoNakamura, Kenichi
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：The new national guidelines for clinical research, the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Biological Research Involving Human Subjects, were implemented in Japan in June 2021. The guidelines were developed by integrating two ethical guidelines: Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects and Ethical Guidelines for Human Genome/Gene Analysis Research. The Ethical Guidelines for Clinical Research were originally developed as three separate guidelines: Ethical Guidelines for Human Genome/Gene Analysis Research formulated in 2001, Ethical Guidelines for Epidemiological Research in 2002 and Ethical Guidelines for Clinical Research in 2003. They have undergone several amendments and integration in response to the government's policy changes, such as the protection of personal information, conflicts of interest and reliability of clinical research. The three major changes introduced in the New Integrated Guidelines in 2021 are centralized review, electromagnetic informed consent and research cooperating organization. These are expected to be used as tools to facilitate the conduct of research. This review discusses the regulations of academic clinical research in Japan, the history of ethical guidelines and the three major changes introduced in the New Integrated Guidelines.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Oxford Univ Press

    Factors associated with overall survival after recurrence in patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative postmenopausal breast cancer: an ad hoc analysis of the JBCRG-006 Safari study

    Kawaguchi, HidetoshiYamamoto, YutakaSaji, ShigehiraMasuda, Norikazu...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background: The Safari study (UMIN000015168) was a retrospective, multicenter study in which 1072 consecutive cases of estrogen receptor-positive advanced breast cancer treated using 500 mg fulvestrant were registered. We previously reported the relationship between the patient factors and overall survival after the diagnosis using the same cases and the same factors for the analysis of time to treatment failure in patients with estrogen receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. The current study is an ad hoc analysis that focused on the relationship between the patient factors and overall survival after recurrence by adding factors generally associated with overall survival after recurrence. Methods: The overall survival after recurrence in patients with estrogen receptor-positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative recurrent breast cancer was analyzed via univariate and multivariate analyses with a Cox proportional hazards model. Results: A total of 598 cases were used for the analysis of overall survival after recurrence. Multivariate analysis revealed that favorable overall survival (median, 6.4 years) was significantly correlated with long time from recurrence to fulvestrant use (>= 3 years), low nuclear or histological grade (G3 vs. G1), long time to treatment failure of initial palliative endocrine therapy (>= 12 months) and long time to initial palliative chemotherapy (>= 2 years). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that sequential endocrine monotherapy may be a useful treatment option for patients with estrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative recurrent breast cancer who have been successfully treated with initial long-term palliative endocrine therapy.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Oxford Univ Press

    Upper gastrointestinal tumors are unrelated to the APC genotype in APC-associated polyposis

    Takao, AkinariKoizumi, KoichiTakao, MisatoInokuchi, Takuhiko...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background: In patients with APC-associated polyposis, the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal tumors and the relationship between these and Helicobacter pylori infection have not been clarified in detail. The present study aimed to clarify the features of upper gastrointestinal lesions in patients with APC-associated polyposis. Methods: Consecutive patients with APC-associated polyposis who underwent esophagogastro-duodenoscopy between 2004 and 2018 were recruited. Results: In total, 36 patients were enrolled. The types of gastrointestinal tumor observed were fundic gland polyposis in 28 patients (77.8%), gastric adenoma in 15 patients (41.7%), duodenal adenoma in 27 patients (75.0%) and periampullary adenoma in 20 patients (55.6%). The phenotype of these upper gastrointestinal tumors was not necessarily the same in patients belonging to the same family. Germline variants in the APC gene were distributed across various sites, regardless of the presence or absence of upper gastrointestinal lesions, and none of the tumors correlated with the genotype or phenotype of upper gastrointestinal tumors. Fundic gland polyposis was observed in 28 of 31 patients without a H. pylori infection and in none of the patients with a H. pylori infection (P = 0.00015). After eradication therapy for H. pylori, fundic gland polyposis developed in one, previously infected patient. Conclusion: The upper gastrointestinal tumor phenotype was not associated with the genotype in patients with APC-associated polyposis. Ascertaining the H. pylori infection status is helpful for endoscopic surveillance of upper gastrointestinal tumors in patients with APC-associated polyposis.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Oxford Univ Press

    The prognostic impact of preoperative mean corpuscular volume in colorectal cancer

    Nakamura, KimihikoSeishima, RyoMatsui, ShimpeiShigeta, Kohei...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objective: The relationship between preoperative mean corpuscular volume and postoperative prognosis has been reported in some cancers recently, but no certain consensus has been reached, especially for colorectal cancer. We evaluated the usefulness of mean corpuscular volume as a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer patients. Methods: This study included 1003 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent curative surgery in a single institution. The relationship between mean corpuscular volume values and postoperative recurrence was evaluated by fractional polynomial model. Based on the result, patients were divided into groups according to mean corpuscular volume values. Clinicopathological factors and long-term outcomes were compared between the groups. Results: The risk of postoperative recurrence according to mean corpuscular volume value showed a J-shaped curve, suggesting that both low and high mean corpuscular volume have high risk. Low mean corpuscular volume (<= 84 fl) group was oncologically advanced in terms of pathological tumor stage, histological grade and lymphatic invasion with higher inflammation markers. High mean corpuscular volume (>95 fl) group had higher frequency of drinking habit with higher values of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Abnormal mean corpuscular volume group including these two groups showed significantly worse diseasefree survival than the other (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis suggested that abnormal mean corpuscular volume was an independent risk factor for postoperative recurrence (hazard ratio, 1.344; 95% confidence interval, 1.005-1.796; P = 0.046). Furthermore, its prognostic impact was more significant in pStage Ill than in other stages. Conclusion: Preoperative low and high mean corpuscular volume is a poor prognostic factor in colorectal cancer patients. It could be a predictive marker to estimate worse survival outcome after surgery.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Oxford Univ Press

    Accuracy of preoperative staging of gastric stump cancer

    Kiyokawa, TakashiFukagawa, TakeoKaneshiro, ShinyaIgarashi, Yuuichi...
    4页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background: In this study, the accuracy of preoperative staging for gastric stump cancer, which has not been thoroughly investigated since the condition is rare, was investigated using computed tomography and gastroscopic imaging. Methods: Between February 1994 and April 2018, 49 patients with gastric stump cancer, following subtotal or total gastrectomy, were reviewed retrospectively. Preoperative diagnoses of clinical T and clinical N categories were compared with post-operative pathological diagnoses (pT and pN categories). Positive predictive values, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were also evaluated. Results: The overall accuracy of T staging was 40.8%. The positive predictive value for cT3/T4 was 96.3%, whereas the positive predictive value for cT1/T2 was 72.7%. The overall accuracy for N staging was 61.2%. The positive predictive value of lymph node positive patients was 73.3%. The positive predictive value and sensitivity of over stage II were 96.6% and 84.8%, respectively. Conclusions: The accuracy of preoperative diagnosis using both computed tomography and gastroscopy imaging may be feasible for T3/T4 advanced gastric stump cancer, whereas diagnosing T1/2 gastric stump cancer must be carefully considered due to high misdiagnosis rates, relating to depth.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Oxford Univ Press

    The characteristics of missed pharyngeal and laryngeal cancers at gastrointestinal endoscopy

    Nakajo, KeiichiroInaba, AtsushiAoyama, NaokiTakashima, Kenji...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: Understanding the miss rate and characteristics of missed pharyngeal and laryngeal cancers during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy may aid in reducing the endoscopic miss rate of this cancer type. However, little is known regarding the miss rate and characteristics of such cancers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the upper gastrointestinal endoscopic miss rate of oro-hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers, the characteristics of the missed cancers, and risk factors associated with the missed cancers. Methods: Patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and were pathologically diagnosed with oro-hypopharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma from January 2019 to November 2020 at our institution were retrospectively evaluated. Missed cancers were defined as those diagnosed within 15 months after a negative upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Results: A total of 240 lesions were finally included. Eighty-five lesions were classified as missed cancers, and 155 lesions as non-missed cancers. The upper gastrointestinal endoscopic miss rate for oro-hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers was 35.4%. Multivariate analysis revealed that a tumor size of <13 mm (odds ratio: 1.96, P=0.026), tumors located on the anterior surface of the epiglottis/valleculae (odds ratio: 2.98, P=0.045) and inside of the pyriform sinus (odds ratio: 2.28, P=0.046) were associated with missed cancers. Conclusions: This study revealed a high miss rate of oro-hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers during endoscopic observations. High-quality upper gastrointestinal endoscopic observation and awareness of missed cancer may help reduce this rate.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Oxford Univ Press

    Prognostic value of the Kyoto Prognostic Index in higher-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphomas treated by upfront autologous stem cell transplantation in JCOG0908 trial

    Kobayashi, TsutomuYamamoto, KazuhitoKagami, YoshitoyoMachida, Ryunosuke...
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background: There is currently no standard prognostic model optimized for the patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with upfront intensive immunochemotherapy including autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). The Kyoto Prognostic Index (KPI) has been proposed as a novel prognostic model for DLBCL, which can accurately identify especially high-risk patients. In this study, we investigated the prognostic value of the KPI in JCOG0908 trial in which higher-risk DLBCL patients defined by the conventional International Prognostic Index (IPI) were treated with upfront high dose therapy followed by ASCT. Methods: Fifty-eight patients with DLBCL, not otherwise specified, enrolled in JCOG0908 and confirmed by the central pathological review were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the probabilities of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). We compared the discrimination ability of the KPI with that of the IPI. Results: According to KPI, 3-year OS and PFS rates were 86.7% and 76.7% in low-intermediate, 73.3% and 60.0% in high-intermediate, and 61.5% and 46.2% in high-risk group. According to IPI, 3-year OS and PFS rates were 75.0% and 50.0% in low-intermediate, 82.9% and 74.3% in high-intermediate, and 63.6% and 54.5% in high-risk group. The concordance-indices of KPI and IPI were 0.642 and 0.580 for OS and 0.606 and 0.606 for PFS. Conclusions: The KPI may be a suitable predictor of outcome than the IPI for patients with higher-risk DLBCL treated with upfront intensive immunochemotherapy including ASCT.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Oxford Univ Press