查看更多>>摘要：Most reported probes that respond to Cysteine (Cys) and Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can only identify one analyte, or they were interfered with homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH) when recognizing Cys and H2S. In addition, nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) ether, as one of thiols recognition sites, inevitably encounters the situation that Cys, GSH and H2S cannot be distinguished on the same channel at the cellular level. In this work, by introducing NBD ether and NBD amine, we constructed a bifunctional fluorescent probe NJB for dual-site response to Cys and H2S via PET & ICT processes. NJB has wonderful selectivity for identifying Cys and HS-, with limits of detection as low as 58.4 nM and 81.1 nM, respectively. Interestingly, NJB has been successfully applied to detect Cys and HSin MCF-7 cells. Therefore, the probe that serves as a great tool for inquiring the physiological and pathological functions of Cys and H2S in living cells is promising.
查看更多>>摘要：Morus alba is a woody shrub of the family Moraceae and used as traditional Chinese medicine for a long history. Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation, as a kind of abiotic stress factor, affected the growth and secondary metabolism in M. alba. Previous studies indicated that the contents of several secondary metabolites such as moracin N, chalcomaricin were significantly increased under high level UV-B radiation and dark incubation in M. alba leaves. To reveal the response mechanism under UV-B radiation and dark incubation in M. alba leaves, SWATHbased quantitative proteomic analysis was performed. Totally, 716 proteins were identified and quantified in the control, UVB, and UVD groups. Among them, 123 proteins and 96 proteins were identified as differentially abundant proteins in UVB group and UVD groups, respectively. Proteins related to photosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis, and tocopherol biosynthesis were significantly altered in UVB group, while proteins related to the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds were significantly altered in UVD group. In addition, the abundances of proteins involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) were significantly increased in both UVB and UVD groups, indicating that UPS combined with secondary mechanism participated in the resistance to UV-B radiation and dark incubation. The obtained results provide novel insight into the effects of high level UV-B radiation on M. alba leaves and on the strategies used for maximizing the chemical constituents and the medicinal value of the M. alba leaves.
查看更多>>摘要：Light at night can improve alertness and cognition. Exposure to daytime light, however, has yielded less conclusive results. In addition to direct effects, daytime light may also mitigate the impact of nocturnal light exposure on alertness. To examine the impact of daytime lighting on daytime cognitive performance, and evening alertness, we studied nine healthy individuals using a within subject crossover design. On four visits, participants were exposed to one of four lighting conditions for 10 h (dim fluorescent, room fluorescent, broadspectrum LED, standard white LED; the latter three conditions were matched for 100 lx) followed by an exposure to bright evening light. Cognitive performance, subjective and objective measures of alertness were regularly obtained. While daytime alertness was not impacted by light exposure, the broad-spectrum LED light improved several aspects of daytime cognition. The impact of evening light on alertness was not mitigated by the pre exposure to different daytime lighting conditions. Results suggest that daytime exposure to white light with high melanopic efficacy has the potential to improve daytime cognitive function and that such improvements are likely to be direct rather than a consequence of light-induced changes in alertness.
查看更多>>摘要：Discussion continues over various aspects of sunscreen science: regulation, test methods, sun protection factor (SPF), labelling claims, potentially harmful components, among others. In this paper the UV transmission properties of a number of commercial sunscreens have been determined at constant sunscreen film thickness under different local UV Index conditions. The data demonstrate difficulties facing the public and the sunscreen industry as a whole, even though SPF values and other data stated on the sunscreen packaging are assumed to be correct according to standard testing methods. This work has shown that at realistic application rates the critical factors are the intensity of the incident solar radiation and the accumulated erythema UV dose transmitted over time. In one example, on 'Extreme' UV Index days, an SPF 30 sunscreen under test transmitted one minimal erythema dose (MED) of UV in only 35 min. In another example, although it should not, in theory, transmit one MED until several hours of exposure, this level was reached in 1 h by an SPF 50 sunscreen under these typical Australian summer conditions (UV Index 12) in Wollongong, NSW (34.4 degrees S). Such properties could have severe consequnces if these sunscreens were used by individuals with Fitzpatrick Skin Type 1, organ transplant recipients or other immuno-compromised individuals.
查看更多>>摘要：In this paper, we pick up the idea of the "UV-Biometer": the use of erythemal weighted broadband meters for other photobiological endpoints. Therefore, nine different types of broadband meters were considered. A necessity for their calibration is the availability of an action spectrum for the respective effect over the complete solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation range. Unfortunately, such action spectra are rather rare. Here we used the action spectra for non-melanoma skin cancer, DNA-damage, clearing of psoriasis, ICNIRP's workers protection and persistent pigmentation. The action spectrum for vitamin D photosynthesis is taken to estimate the effect of missing effectiveness values in the UV-A range. Application shows that high uncertainties occur especially at low solar elevations. Calibration factors in dependence of total ozone and solar elevation were calculated for all broadband meters and all effects. Analysis shows, that not all of these effects are as appropriate as erythema. The calibration for all effects was applied for a broadband meter that measures the UV-Index operationally within the Austrian UV-Index network. As most of these action spectra have threshold limit values or minimum dose equivalents, irradiance was converted into threshold exposure times. Uncertainties from total ozone during routine operation are estimated. Additionally, we derived conversion factors for erythemally effective irradiance to these effective irradiances. This delivers an easy way to gain biologically effective irradiance without the need of knowing the properties of the instrument. However, this introduces additional uncertainties and not all conversions should be applied.
查看更多>>摘要：Fewer antibiotics are available for effective management of bacterial infections to date owing to increasing multiple-drug resistance (MDR). Here, we expand our early success in combination of 405 nm blue light irradiation with phenolic compounds to sufficiently kill blue light-refractory MDR Escherichia coli (E. coli). p-Toluquinone (p-TQ) alongside blue light inactivated 7.3 log10 E. coli within 6 min, whereas either alone was totally ineffective. A similar killing efficacy was attained with four other pathogens commonly seen in hospital-acquired infections and Enterococcus faecalis (Ef) that don't produce porphyrins-like molecules. The combinatory therapy prevented recurrence of E. coli infection in skin scratch wounds of murine. The bactericidal activity was ascribed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation triggered by blue light-mediated excitation of p-TQ, which is less likely to induce resistance because of multi-targeted and non-specific nature of ROS. Remarkably, toxic p-TQ became harmless to mammalian cells after brief exposure to blue light while retaining its bactericidal activity. The opposite effect of blue light on p-TQ activity unravels a novel, simple strategy to detoxify p-TQ and its combination with blue light as a safe and efficacious bactericidal modality for managing MDR bacterial infections.
Orhan, CemalDemir, BetulEr, BesirOzercan, Ibrahim Hanifi...
10页
查看更多>>摘要：Background: The present study further assessed the effects of oral and topical applications of boron, which is known to have antiinflammatory and wound healing effects, on photoaging. Methods: A total of 49 eight-week-old female Wistar albino rats randomly divided into seven groups (control, shaved control, shaved+UVB, topical dermabor 2% (D2), and %5 (D5), systemic sodium perborate tetrahydrate (SPT) 2% (SPT2) and 4% (SPT4). To induce an experimental photoaging, the rats were exposed to UVB at an emission spectrum of 290-320 nm. Biochemical, molecular, skin, histological, and collagen content analyzes were made at the end of the study. Results: Increased skin inflammatory parameters (COX-2, IL-8, NF-KB, IL-6, and TNF-alpha) levels in UVB-exposed groups were inhibited in all treatment groups. The tissue level of hydroxyproline and elastase was found to decrease in all UVB-exposed group. The level of hydroxyproline was significantly higher in the D2 and D5 groups than in the SPT2 and SPT4 groups. The level of elastase was significantly lower in the D2 and D5 groups than in the SPT2 and SPT4 groups. Conclusions: In future, boron may be developed as a functionally protective treatment against photoaging caused by UVB, and may be included in sun protection systems.
查看更多>>摘要：Proper rheological properties of red blood cells (RBC) including flexibility and aggregability are essential for healthy blood microcirculation. Excessive RBC aggregation has been observed to be associated with many pathological conditions and is crucial in acute circulatory problems. Low-level laser radiation (LLLR) has been found to have positive effects on the rheology of human blood, however, the detailed mechanisms of blood photobiomodulation remains unclear. In this study, utilizing the single-cell technique optical tweezers (OT) and traditional light microscopy, the influence of photobiomodulation of human RBC was examined under different conditions of laser irradiation. The results revealed that high radiant exposure (over 170.5 J/cm(2) radiant fluence) caused enhanced RBC aggregation and cell shape transformation while the aggregation force between single RBC remained unchanged. LLLR with radiant fluence below 9.5 J/cm2 by 450 nm wavelength improved the RBC deformability, weakened the strength of cell-cell interaction in the RBC disaggregation process, and showed rejuvenating effects on RBC suspended in a harsh cell environment.
Pavanello, AliceGomez-Mendoza, Miguelde la Pena O'Shea, Victor A.Miranda, Miguel A....
11页
查看更多>>摘要：Benzotriazole UV-stabilizers (BUVSs) are commonly used in industry as solar filters, due to their strong UV light absorption. Because of their extended usage, environmental contamination of waters due to BUVSs constitutes a growing concern. Direct photodegradation of BUVSs is not efficient due to their intrinsic thermal pathways to release the absorbed light. Nevertheless, their abatement in natural environments could be assisted by chromophoric dissolved organic matter. Among the BUVSs, three representative candidates were selected, UV-326, UV-327 and UV-328, to demonstrate the potential of Riboflavin (RF) as a natural visible-light absorbing photocatalyst for the abatement of these recalcitrant pollutants under reductive conditions. The use of visible light and DABCO, as a model sacrificial electron donor, generates the radical anion RFTA.-. This key species reacts with the solar filters, achieving their reductive abatement from the medium. Moreover, the participation of every potential reactive species has been investigated by photophysical techniques, together with determination of the quenching rate constant for every reaction pathway. Consequently, evidence supported the main role of the reductive photodegradation pathway, being RFTA.- the key species in the abatement of BUVSs.
查看更多>>摘要：Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs) are capable of neuronal differentiation, which makes them an ideal choice for therapies in nerve injuries. Principally, the differentiation of autologous ASCs to neurons offers solutions for the replacement therapies of nervous system with patient's own genetic background. On the contrary, the use of genetically modified (immortalized) ASCs has the benefit of accessibility by surpassing ethical concerns and ease for propagation as a continuous cell culture. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a therapeutic modality with laser or light, which is widely been used for modulating stem cell bioprocesses viz. proliferation and differentiation. A comparative analysis was performed to evaluate the neuronal differentiation potential of primary ASCs isolated from a healthy human subject with commercially obtained immortalized ASCs with PBM. The outcome of this analysis will help us to know either primary or immortalized ASCs are most suitable for biomedical applications. Both primary and immortalized ASCs were characterized using their surface protein markers CD44/90/133/166 and induced to differentiate into neuronal cells using Fibroblast Growth Factor, basic (bFGF) and forskolin following PBM using Near Infra-Red (NIR) lasers. Based on the expression of nestin, an early neuronal marker an exposure to 5, 10 and 15 J/cm2 of NIR and growth inducers for 14 days the primary ASCs demonstrated a higher neuronal differentiation potential compared to the immortalized ASCs. However, newly differentiated cells from either of these ASCs did not reveal beta III-tubulin, an intermediate neuronal marker even by 21 days of differentiation. This study gives an indication that immortalized ASCs have a phenotype and differentiation potential slightly less but comparable to the freshly isolated ASCs. We suggest that PBM along with growth inducers offer a better solution of differentiating ASCs to neurons.
NSTL
Elsevier