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Chemical Engineering Research & Design

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Chemical Engineering Research & Design/Journal Chemical Engineering Research & DesignSCIISTP
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    Morphology predictions in molded parts: a multiphysics approach

    Francesco MarraSara LiparotiVito Speranza
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Injection molding of polymer parts at a micro-scale is successfully applied in the fabrication of electronics and biomedical devices where high geometrical accuracy is required.Microinjection molding is more challenging than conventional injection molding due to the necessity to account for the presence of air in the cavity,which slows down the process,and a strong flow field that may induce premature solidification of semi-crystalline polymers.The process modeling and simulation are crucial steps toward predicting all the final parts'properties.For this reason,a multiphysics approach was used to model microinjection molding under different mold cycle temperatures.A well-characterized polypropylene was selected for this purpose.A model for tracking the polymer-air interface during the filling was adopted to account for air's effect in the micro-cavity.Additionally,a model accounting for the effect of crystallization on viscosity was implemented.Models describing the evolution of morphology into fibrils were previously proposed in steady-state conditions.In this work,a model for describing the crystallization into fibrils was proposed and adapted for the first time to the transient conditions of microinjection molding.The aim was the prediction of the final morphology developed during the process.The morphology evolution toward fibrillar structure is consistent with those observed experimentally; in particular,the fibrillar layer thickness decreased with the increase of the mold temperature.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Enrichment of phenolic compounds from grape(Vitis vinifera L.)pomace extract using a macroporous resin and response surface methodology

    Masoud RahimiMahshad ShahriariSarvenaz Heravi
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：A green protocol was proposed for the extraction and separation of high-value phenolic compounds(PCs)from grape(Vitis vinifera L.)pomace.The most important variables for scale-up purposes including extraction time(4-16 h),temperature(40-80 ℃),and solvent-to-feed ratio(8-40 mL.g~(-1))on the extraction efficiency and yield of PCs were scrutinized by experimental design using Response Surface Methodology(RSM).The yield of PCs was quantified by monitoring the content of gallic acid(GA)and procyanidin B using the HPLC-UV analysis.To obtain an enriched extract,the optimized extract was loaded on a new designed multi-stage continuous flow adsorption column filled with a nonionic acrylic polymeric resin(LXA-10)adsorbent.The adsorption properties,including the adsorption isotherms and kinetics as well as dynamic test in term of breakthrough curve analysis have also been investigated.The optimal extraction condition was attained at 80 ℃,10 h and 20 mL.g~(-1),and extraction efficiency of 1_(0.6)7% w/w.After enrichment process,the purity of PCs in the resulting product was reached to 99%,and the yield of product respect to initial grape pomace powdered was 1.91%.These findings may have implications in the development of adjuvant supplement manufacturing with potential effect on improving immune system.Data Auailability: The authors confirm that the data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article and its Supplementary material.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Performance of Ti/RuO2-IrO2 electrodes and comparison with BDD electrodes in the treatment of textile wastewater by electro-oxidation process

    Abdurrahman AkyolTulin Yilmaz NayirMelike Ceren Okur
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Electrochemical oxidation(EO)technology,which may directly reduce refractory contaminants into simple inorganic molecules like H2O and CO2,is an efficient approach for treating high-concentration wastewater.Boron doped diamond(BDD)electrodes has been extensively researched and used to degrade organic contaminants from real textile wastewater.In this study,two-dimensionally stable anodes,Ti/RuO2-IrO2,were produced and compared with BDD electrodes for the treatment of textile wastewater.This study focuses on the optimization of the produced electrode under different pH and current densities.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis revealed that the oxide coating on the Ti plate's surface was effectively produced.The EO process parameters were optimized using central composite design(CCD)under response surface methodology(RSM),with total organic carbon(TOC),chemical oxygen demand(COD),and color removals as responses and pH,current density,and reaction time as control variables.The analysis of variance(ANOVA)revealed good coefficients of determination(R~2)values of.0.90,indicating that the second-order regression model matched the experimental data satisfactorily.In optimized conditions,pH 4 was shown to have the maximum effectiveness for both electrodes.The best treatment efficiency was obtained by applying an 800 A/m~2 current for 5 h,taking into account the time component in the different current values employed.BDD had a color,TOC,and COD removal of 93%,75%,and 48%,respectively,whereas Ti/RuO2-IrO2 had a color,TOC,and COD removal of 88%>,62%,and 41%,respectively.In addition,the toxicity of water treated with the BDD electrode was found to be lower,whereas the toxicity of water treated with the Ti/RuO2-IrO2 electrode was found to be higher.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Green Fuel Production from Sunflower Oil Using Nanocatalysts Based on Metal Oxides(SrO,La2O3,CaO,MgO,Li2O)Supported over Combustion-synthesized Mg-spinel

    Bita FattahiMohammad HaghighiBehgam Rahmanivahid
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：In this research a series of metal oxides(SrO,La2O3,CaO,MgO,and Li2O)were loaded over Mg-spinels via a hybrid combustion-impregnation method.Nanocatalysts were characterized by XRD,FESEM,TEM,EDX,BET-BJH,and FTIR analyses.The XRD results showed the formation of pure crystalline phases in all of the nanocatalysts.Among all the nanocatalysts,the FESEM images and BET-BJH data displayed large pore diameters and high specific surface area for Li2O/MgAl2O4.Also,the overview of 3D surface analysis demonstrated the rough surface for this nanocatalyst,in which the RMS parameter was evaluated to be 16.5 nm.The as-prepared nanocatalysts were successfully employed in green biodiesel production from sunflower oil(MeOH/Oil = 12 molar,catalyst loading = 5 wt%,temperature = 110 ℃ and time = 3 h).The superior activity of about 98% was obtained with Li2O/MgAl2O4.The other remarkable outcome of this research was the reusability of Li2O/MgAl2O4 through 6 reaction cycles with fresh feed in the same operational conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Filtration and adsorption of tetracycline in aqueous solution by copper alginate-carbon nanotubes membrane which has the muscle-skeleton structure

    Yanhui LiWenshuo XuYang Zhang
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：Recently,removal of antibiotic contaminants such as tetracycline(TC)from wastewater has been widely studied.In this study,we innovatively used copper alginate as the substrate and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)as the framework to obtain copper alginate-carbon nanotubes(CA-CNTs)composite membrane which has the"muscle-skeleton"structure after vacuum freeze-drying,cross-linking reaction and natural drying.Its performance on TG removal was verified from both filtration and adsorption.As shown by various analytical methods,the prepared composite membranes have good filtration and adsorption performance,with a maximum filtration removal rate of 95.03 % and a maximal adsorption capacity of 230.17 mg·g~(-1)at 318 K.The adsorption equilibrium data were well in accordance with the Langmuir isothermal model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.In addition,the thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption action of TC by CA-CNTs membranes was spontaneous and endothermic.In terms of principle and mechanism,copper alginate(CA)and CNTs were mainly bonded by hydrogen bonds,and the adsorption of TC was mainly accomplished by hydrogen bonds,cation bonding bridges and π-π EDA interactions.Meanwhile,it still had good adsorption performance after five regeneration cycles.Therefore,the prepared composite membrane has a good prospect in the application of TC removal.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Comparing environmental impacts of direct compaction versus wet granulation tableting methods for drugs with poor flowability by life cycle assessment

    Kunn HadinotoThe-Thien TranAngeline Chua
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Pharmaceutical tablet productions by direct compaction(DC)are more environmentally-sustainable than wet granulation(WG)owed to DCs lower energy consumption.For drug particles with poor flowability,however,the environmental benefits of DC become questionable because DC of such drugs requires either pre-compaction treatment,increased excipients'proportion in the tablets,or using excipients with unfavorable sus-tainability profiles.Using ibuprofen(IBU)as the model drug with poor flowability,we performed cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment(LCA)using ReCiPe 2016 method to characterize the environmental impacts of DC and WG tablet productions.Material and energy flow data from laboratory-scale(1 and 2.2 kg IBU)and simulated pilot-scale(25 kg IBU)productions were utilized in the LCA.Despite the increased proportion of excipients with less-than-ideal sustain ability profile in DC tablets,the environmental impacts of DC tablet production remained smaller than WG tablet production across different production scales,as the impacts were governed by process-level energy consumption.The impacts of DC and WG tablet productions,nevertheless,became closer in magnitude with increasing production scale attributed to superior improvements in the energy requirement and yield of WG tablets.Thus,the environmental beneftis of DC tablets over WG tablets was diminished for drugs with poor flowability.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Application of dextran to manipulate formation mechanism,morphology,and performance of ultrafiltration membranes

    Foroogh KhodadadiMostafa MansourianfarAll Bozorg
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：In this study,dextran polysaccharide was used as a hydrophilic non-solvent additive at different molecular weights and concentrations to prepare novel flat sheet PES membranes through non-solvent induced phase separation process.Formation mechanisms of the PES membranes were assessed thermodynamically and kinetically to verify the influence of dextran polysaccharide on evolving porous media.The obtained results revealed that,in the presence of dextran,the thermodynamic instability of the dope solutions could be remarkably enhanced,leading to a rapid instantaneous demixing during the phase inversion process.Morphologically,the long channel-like macrovoids of the sublayer were also transformed to a disordered structure and concave shapes were emerged on the membrane surface at high concentrations of dextran polysaccharide.Based on the obtained results,not only significant enhancements were achieved in membrane fluxes,but also BSA protein rejections and antifouling properties were improved by increasing the dextran concentration at either molecular weight.Accordingly,the experimental results indicated that the dextran polysaccharide could be employed in practice to achieve scalable high-quality UF membranes through simple NIPS method.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Experimental,comparative and statistical study of heat transfer and drag reduction of Water/Polyisobutylene/nanoSiO2 poly-nanofluid through a horizontal pipe

    Mahsa OrangAbdolrasoul Pouranfard
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Turbulent flow of fluid samples(polymeric solution,nanofluid and Poly-nanofluid(PNF)),into a horizontal pipeline was investigated to achieve heat transfer properties and drag reduction.Water,Polyisobutylene(PIB)and nanoSiO2 were the materials used in this study.PNFs prepared by dispersing SiO2 nanoparticles(with concentration range of 0.1-1 wt.%)into dilute Water/PIB solution(with concentration range of 10-50 ppm).The effect of polymer and nanoSiO2 presence on heat transfer properties such as convective heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number were evaluated and Reynolds number changes were studied in this research.At the same time the effect of concentration and Reynolds number on the Nusselt number and drag reduction evaluated by utilizing a statistical method called analysis of variance(ANOVA).
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Performance analysis of tubular membrane distillation modules: An experimental and CFD analysis

    Abdellah ShasseianMehdi KhiadaniMasoumeh Zargar
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study presents a comprehensive theoretical and experimental analysis on the performance of tubular thermal-driven membrane-based distillation(MD)modules considering the changing nature of thermo-physical properties of feed and permeate streams.Moreover,important parameters such as the contribution of each membrane tube in the water productivity of the module,which has not been explored in previous studies,are analysed and discussed.A three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)model was developed considering conductive and convective heat transfers,mass transfer,and phase change processes.The model was validated using the data from an experimental rig that was designed and manufactured for this purpose.The results indicated that membrane tubes in the MD module have various levels of contribution to the water production depending on their position in the module.Compared to the membrane tubes located closer to the centre and perimeter of the module,the membrane tubes located in the middle had higher water productivity.The water productivity was not sensitive to the feed stream mass flow rate as long as the heat transfer coefficient to flow velocity ratio was beyond 1250 Ws/m3oC.For ratios below 1250 Ws/m3oC,the water productivity became extensively sensitive to the mass flow rate.The results also showed that turbulence enhancement at some regions within the module,especially the permeate channels,could noticeably improve the water productivity,and hence has an enormous potential to increase the overall efficiency of the MD modules.The results suggested that operating the tubular MD modules in the transition and turbulent regions is favourable due to its significant contribution to the enhanced water productivity of the system.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    The methods of brewers'spent grain treatment towards the recovery of valuable ingredients contained therein and comprehensive management of its residues

    Karolina LabusMagdalena Lech
    18页
    查看更多>>摘要：Currently,progressive degradation of the natural environment is observed.In this regard,a significant culprit is the enormous amount of by-products generated in the food and beverages industry.Typically,these bio-wastes are still rich in valuable compounds,that could be used in a variety of applications.However,the great challenge is to select the appropriate processing methods for the complete management of such raw material under the circular economy principles.The subject of the presented literature study is the comprehensive management of brewers'spent grain(BSG).It gives an overview of recent advances in pre-treatment and decomposition methods applied to recover added-value compounds from BSG.There is also pointed out the latest tendencies of improving these processing methods towards sustainable development and operation according to industrial symbiosis outlines.Moreover,a significant problem of a certain amount of unused lignocellulosic biomass remaining after processing was indicated.This aspect is rather overlooked in the literature and attempts are rarely made to develop a waste-free process of BSG valorization.Therefore,an effort was made to fill this gap and besides comparing the methods currently applied for BSG processing,an integrated comprehensive zero-waste management of this valuable raw material was proposed.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL