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Chemical Engineering Research & Design
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Chemical Engineering Research & Design

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Chemical Engineering Research & Design/Journal Chemical Engineering Research & DesignSCIISTP
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    Numbering-up liquid-liquid systems in microfluidic reactors: A parametric study

    Joren van SteeMatthias DepotterKoen Binnemans
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Present parametric study shows that the flowrate, number of channels, hydrodynamic resistances and phase ratio significantly affect the maldistribution in parallel microfluidic reactors (i.e., numbering-up). Especially the effect of flow rate and phase ratio has not been reported before. However, these findings are of a qualitative nature due to a high degree of variability between experiments. Additional experiments show that the stable point of operation easily shifts in the considered set-ups, explaining this variability. Therefore, a Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) in SPSS is introduced to partially compensate for this variance and, also, manage the large data set that results from a parametric study. It is shown that introducing advanced statistical methods can provide additional insights and can further push the field of numbering-up.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Nature based forward osmosis membranes: A novel approach for improved anti-fouling

    Mehrasa YassariAlireza Shakeri
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：Herein, polyamide thin-film composite forward osmosis (TFC-FO) membranes were fabricated using beta-cyclodextrin-graft-poly acrylic acid (β-CD-g-PAA), as a nature-based graft polymer. The polymer was synthesized by free radical graft polymerization and was consequently incorporated into the active layer to enhance the hydrophilicity, anti-fouling, and overall performance of the conventional TFC-FO membrane. The effect of synthesized polymer concentration on characteristic features such as roughness, morphology, and hydrophilicity of the polymer-modified membranes was thoroughly investigated using different characterization techniques. Apart from that, the separation performance of the newly developed membranes was investigated in FO and reverse osmosis (RO) filtration systems. The transport data revealed increased water flux of around 1.5 times for the membrane which was modified with 1250 ppm of β-CD-g-PAA solution (TFC-1250) compared to pristine TFC in the FO mode. Interestingly, the mentioned membrane showed demonstrably perm-selectivity of 0.043 bar in RO filtration system. The antifouling investigations of the TFC-1250 membrane against protein and organic foulant in FO mode, not only showed minor fouling tendency, but also revealed great flux recovery ratio (FRR> 98%) with a simple washing step. These observations prove the reversible characteristic of fouling in FO process. Hence, this project opens a new way to surface functionalization of TFC membranes with nature-based polymers to render selectivity as well as antifouling features to them.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Preparation of adsorbents from agro-industrial wastes and their application in the removal of Cd~(2+) and Pb~(2+) ions from a binary mixture: Evaluation of ionic competition

    V.H. SantosG.E. do NascimentoD.C. Silva Sales
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Adsorbents were prepared from agro-industrial wastes for the removal of Cd~(2+) and Pb~(2+) ions from a binary mixture. Of all the adsorbents prepared, that activated with H3PO4 obtained from peanut shell (AQ_(ps)) had the highest adsorptive capacity as regards the removal of both metal ions. The operating conditions established were: pH 5.0; 2 g_(adsorbent) L_(solution)~(-1) and 50 rpm. The kinetic showed rapid adsorption, and the equilibrium was reached in 3 min. Both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models represented the experimental data with R~2 values > 0.91 and χ~2< 0.0001 for all the concentrations studied. The extended Langmuir model fitted the experimental data, obtaining R~2 = 0.90, with q_(max) of 0.7 ± 0.3 mmol g~(-1) and K_(EL) of 5.0 ± 3.6 L mmol~(-1) for Cd~(2+) and q_(max) of 0.7 ± 0.1 mmol g~(-1) and K_(EL) 40.5 ± 14.9 L mmol~(-1) for Pb~(2+). A decreasing trend in adsorptive capacity was also observed when the temperature was increased, indicating exothermic adsorption. During the evaluation of adsorbent recovery, when the volume of the eluent was five times smaller than that of the adsorbate, maximum desorption of 84.5 % for Cd~(2+) and 73.3 % for Pb~(2+) was obtained. In view of the above, AQ_(ps) showed potential for simultaneous removal of Cd~(2+) and Pb~(2+) ions from aqueous media.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Modeling, simulation, and techno-economic optimization of argon separation processes

    Georgios MaroukisMichael C. Georgiadis
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：High-purity argon is conventionally recovered from air by cryogenic distillation, which is a mature, efficient but high-cost technology. In recent years, membrane gas separation technology is starting to emerge illustrating the potential to achieve lower production costs compared to distillation, without compromising the final product quality. In this work, a flowsheet of a conventional cryogenic distillation system for the separation of an oxygen-argon mixture was built and simulated in the gPROMS~(TM) modeling environment. Then, a detailed mathematic modeling framework of a hollow fiber membrane system for the same separation was developed. The predictive power of the model is in a good agreement with theoretically expected results for a wide range of operating conditions. The results indicate that commercially available polymeric membranes are not capable of achieving a high-purity argon product while innovative materials, such as carbon membranes, turn out to be more efficient. Finally, the performance of the membrane process was compared with the cryogenic distillation process using an optimization-based techno-economic analysis. The comparison revealed that the distillation process has a lower operational cost compared to a membrane process for a final product purity of 99.9 mol%.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Hydrogen production and photocatalytic activities from NaBH4 using trimetallic biogenic PdPtCo nanoparticles: Development of machine learning model

    Elif Esra AltunerRima Nour El Honda TiriAysenur Aygun
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：The production of economical and environmentally friendly monodisperse and stable nanocatalysts is of great interest in the field of catalysis. In this study, palladium-platinum-cobalt nanoparticles (PdPtCo NPs) were synthesized by the green synthesis method using apple (Malus domestica) peels. The resulting PdPtCo NPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectrometry (UV-Vis), Fourier-transformed infrared spectrum- near infrared spectrum (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD). According to the UV-Vis spectrum, it was observed that Malus domestica peels gave a peak at 283 nm. According to XRD analysis, the crystal particle size of PdPtCo NPs was determined to be 2.53 nm in size. It was observed that PdPtCo NPs acted as catalysts and increased the rate of hydrogen production in the presence of NaBH4 substrate, The turnover frequency (TOF), activation energy (Ea), enthalpy (△H), and entropy values (△S) were found to be as 1109.85 h~(-1), 36.98 kJ/mol, 34.44 kJ/mol, -138.9 J/mol.K, respectively. Based on NaBH4 concentrations, catalyst concentration temperature, and reaction time, the rate of hydrogen production was modeled using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Furthermore, the photodegradation of NPs against methylene blue (MB) dye was investigated using visible light irradiation, and their photodegradation percent was calculated as 84.7%, the results showing that the production of hydrogen and photodegradation against MB was successfully achieved. The study emphasizes the safety, sustainability, and high catalytic activity of biogenic PdPtCo NPs, which generate less toxic waste, proving its efficiency for sustainable energy production that is harmless to the environment and living health. The novelty of the study is sustained by the use of apple peals for NPs synthesis and by the application of ANNs to predict the rate of hydrogen production.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Individual and synergistic effects of modifications of the carrier medium of carbon-containing slurries on the viscosity and sedimentation stability

    Maxim PiskunovDaniil RomanovPavel Strizhak
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：The study is devoted to revealing the individual and synergistic effects of modifications of the carrier medium of the coal-water slurries (CWS) based on coking coal and carbon-containing flotation wastes of this coal on the effective viscosity and sedimentation stability. Synthetic and natural wetting agents as well as liquid solvents (alcohol, oil, conventional liquid fuel, methyl ethers) and solid organic compounds exemplified by sawdust are used for this. The relationships between the effective viscosity, water separation ratio, and zeta potential for the CWS with the separate addition of a wetting agent and a solvent is established. The categories of fuel compositions are identified according to the 'stability' criterion. The synergistic effect of the additions of a wetting agent and a solvent on the sedimentation stability and effective viscosity is demonstrated. The physicochemical model of interaction between the solid particles and the additives in CWSs is proposed.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Production of fuel oil from decomposition of sieve-based catalyst

    Jan NisarMuhammad Anas KhanAfzal Shah
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：This work describes the use of copper-cobalt doped molecular sieve (Cu-Co/MS) for decomposition of polypropylene via thermogravimetry and an indigenously made pyrolysis setup. Various kinetic models i.e., Ozawa Flynn Wall (OFW), modified Coats-Redfern (m-CR) and Tang Wanjun (TW) were employed for calculating kinetics parameters of the decomposition process. The suitability of Cu-Co/MS catalyst was confirmed from the lowest activation energy (E) noted for the pyrolysis reaction. Therefore, the decomposition reaction of polypropylene was performed in the presence of same catalyst in the indigenously made pyrolysis setup and an oil yield of 71.1% having hydrocarbons from C5 to C_(19) was achieved. Furthermore, aliphatic hydrocarbons from C3 to C7 were also noted in the gas fraction. Fuel properties of the oil obtained were compared with diesel, gasoline and kerosene oil and found that the oil obtained from polypropylene has the possibility replacing fossil fuel.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Effective antimony removal from wastewaters using polymer modified sepiolite: Isotherm kinetic and thermodynamic analysis

    Tawfik A. SalehMustafa TuzenAhmet Sari
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Sepiolite was modified with polymer consisting of ethylenediamine(EDA)-trimesoyl chloride (TMC) to produce a highly effective sorbent for antimony (III) (Sb(III)) adsorption from aquatic solutions. The EDA-TMC polymeric branches were grafted onto the surface of sepiolite by polymerization. The surface morphology and the main adsorptive chemical groups of the developed S/EDA-TMC sorbent were characterized by SEM, EDX, BET, and FTIR, analysis methods. The impact of the batch adsorption conditions on the adsorption performance was systematically studied by conducting a factorial design analysis. While Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were employed with the non-linear equations to the removal data and the removal capacity of the prepared composite was estimated as 210.1 mg g~(-1) based on the Langmuir due to relatively high correlation. The kinetic investigation results displayed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was well appropriate for characterizing Sb(III) removal mechanism. Also, thermodynamic findings verified that the Sb(III) removal onto the composite adsorbent progressed exothermically and spontaneously with temperature increasing from 24° to 55°C. Besides, the produced adsorbent demonstrated still appreciated adsorption/desorption yield (80/76%) after the 7th cycle. Accordingly, the fabricated S/EDA-TMC material can be evaluated as a powerful sorbent in the cleaning of aqueous solutions containing Sb(III) pollutants.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Gypsum and high quality binders derived from water treatment sediments and spent sulfuric aspects

    Valentin RomanovskiLijuan ZhangXintai Su
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Millions of tons of hazardous spent sulfuric acid and coagulation sediments from water treatment facilities are produced annually. In this work, a green approach for the synthetic gypsum and high-quality binders was proposed. The results obtained were confirmed by XRD, SEM, TEM, and DTA. Optimal parameters for the synthesis, including stirrer rotation speed, reactor temperature, acid concentration, acid feed rate, thickening time were investigated. Synthesized sample was identified as gypsum with a monoclinic structure with high degree of crystallinity and crystals of prismatic shape. The required fraction of more than 50 μm was 86.57 wt.%. Obtained gypsum binders had grades up to G23. Different options for the use of filtrate were proposed. High concentration of iron sulfate demonstrate a good coagulation result which was 5 % lower compared to commercial iron sulfate. Additionally, high concentration of iron made it possible of its use as a precursor for the synthesis of magnetic sorbents and photocatalysts. Neutralized filtrate contains sulfur, calcium, magnesium, and sodium and were tested as a complex fertilizer.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    An operating economics-driven perspective on monitoring and maintenance in multiple operating regimes: Application to monitor fouling in heat exchangers

    M. Ziyan SheriffM. Nazmul KarimCostas Kravaris
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Process monitoring is required to ensure consistent product quality and safe operation. Equipment degradation leads to changes in the process model causing plant-model mismatch, e.g., fouling in heat exchangers. This is particularly important for slow drifting industrial processes, where monitoring just the process variables is insufficient, as controllers continuously seek to track key process variables to ensure that they adhere to strict design conditions, despite increased operating costs to compensate for the model degradation. An objective of this work is to develop a straightforward operating economics-driven monitoring algorithm to track process drifts and equipment degradation in multiple operating regimes by monitoring deviations in model parameters along with the states. A 2014 estimate put the economic cost of fouling in heat exchangers for US industries at $14 billion per year. To mitigate this expenditure, and highlight the importance of this work, illustrative examples involving both simulated synthetic data and experimental data from a double-pipe heat exchanger are used. Traditional state estimation methods are integrated with cost contours based on operating economics to accurately track equipment degradation by monitoring deviations in model parameters, even when drastic changes in input conditions are present. Tracking process drifts and equipment degradation while evaluating the economic impact helps determine the urgency of cleaning and maintenance that is required.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL