查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins play important roles in responding to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants。 However， the molecular mechanisms of plant resistance to pathogens remain largely unclear in poplar。 The present study isolated a TGACG-binding (TGA) transcription factor， PeTGA1， from Populus euphratica。 PeTGA1 belongs to subgroup D of the bZIP family and was localized to the nucleus。 To study the role PeTGA1 plays in response to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides， transgenic triploid white poplars overexpressing PeTGA1 were generated。 Results showed that poplars with overexpressed PeTGA1 showed a higher effective defense response to C。 gloeosporioides than the wild-type plants。 A yeast one-hybrid assay and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that PeTGA1 could directly bind to the PeSARD1 (P。 euphratica SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT 1) promoter， an important regulator for salicylic acid biosynthesis。 The transactivation assays indicated that PeTGA1 activated the expression of PeSARD1， and PR1 (PATHOGENESIS-RELATED 1)， a SA marker gene involved in SA signaling。 Subsequently， we observed that the PeTGA1 overexpression lines showed elevated SA levels， thereby resulting in the increased resistance to C。 gloeosporioides。 Taken together， our results indicated that PeTGA1 may exert a key role in plant immunity not only by targeting PeSARD1 thus participating in the SA biosynthesis pathway but also by involving in SA signaling via activating the expression of PR1。
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B。V。Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) is a useful polysaccharide with potential applications in food， cosmetic and biomedical industries。 Nonetheless， CMCS is unfavorable for maintaining intestinal flora balance。 In this study， gallic acid (GA) was grafted with CMCS through ascorbic acid/hydrogen peroxide initiated graft copolymerization reaction， producing GA grafted CMCS (GA-g-CMCS)。 The digestive and fermentative behavior of CMCS and GA-g-CMCS were investigated by using in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation models。 Results showed that the average molecular weight (Mw) of CMCS gradually decreased during saliva-gastro-intestinal digestion， changing from original sheet-like morphology to porous and rod-like fragments。 However， the Mw and morphology of GA-g-CMCS were almost unchanged under saliva-gastro-intestinal digestion。 Meanwhile， the grafted GA moiety was not released from GA-g-CMCS during saliva-gastro-intestinal digestion。 As compared with CMCS fermentation， GA-g-CMCS fermentation significantly suppressed the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella， Paeniclostridium， Parabacteroides， Lachnoclostridium， Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1， UBA1819 and Butyricimonas， while facilitated the relative abundance of Enterobacter， Enterococcus， Fusobacterium and Lachnospira。 In addition， GA-g-CMCS fermentation significantly enhanced the production of short-chain fatty acids。 These findings suggested that the digestive stability and prebiotic effect of CMCS were improved by grafting with GA。
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic metabolic liver disease closely related to obesity， which has become a global health problem。 However， current pharmacological therapies for NAFLD are limited by potential side effects， low effectiveness and poor aqueous solubility。 Herein， we designed functionalized drug-albumin nanocomposites (BAM15@BSA NPs)， which were prepared by self-assembly of the anti-obesity small-molecule drug (BAM15) and bovine serum albumin (BSA)， for treatment of NAFLD。 The proposed BAM15@BSA NPs not only improve aqueous solubility and half-life of BAM15 but also exhibit hepatic-targeted capacity and an increased therapeutic efficacy。 In vitro experiments revealed that BAM15@BSA NPs possessed excellent biocompatibility， and improved resistance to adipogenesis and reduced lipid accumulation in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells。 In vivo， BAM15@BSA NPs showed liver targeting ability and powerful anti-obesity effects without altering body temperature or affecting food intake， and could effectively alleviate hepatic steatosis and improve therapeutic efficacy for NAFLD treatment。 The above findings demonstrated that BAM15@BSA NPs potentially served as a safe and effective drug for NAFLD treatment。
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Elsevier