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Elsevier
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Elsevier

0165-9936

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    Recent advancements in techniques for analyzing modern, atypical antidepressants in complex biological matrices and their application in biomedical studies

    Roszkowska A.Kowalski P.Baczek T.Oledzka I....
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2022 The AuthorsSignificant advances in the pharmacological management of depression have been made since the introduction of the first-generation of antidepressants in the 1950s. Currently, treatment options for depression include pharmacotherapy with newer generations of drugs, such as atypical ADs. However, since ADs belong to a group of psychotropic drugs, some of their constituent compounds can be used illegally. In this article, we review recent developments in bioanalytical methodologies that enable the efficient extraction and sensitive analysis of atypical ADs. Specifically, this review focuses on the period spanning from 2016 to 2021, and the use of these devices in clinical and toxicological applications, as well as forensic medicine studies. In doing so, we consider the advantages and disadvantages of different sample-pretreatment methods, including traditional and novel microextraction strategies, as well as the analytical conditions required for the separation and detection of atypical ADs via LC- and GC-based methods combined with various detectors and other analytical approaches.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    High-throughput optical assays for sensing serine hydrolases in living systems and their applications

    Jin Q.Ding L.-L.Zhang J.Wang D.-D....
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2022 Elsevier B.V.Serine hydrolases (SHs) comprise a large family of hydrolytic enzymes that play crucial roles in numerous physiological and pathological processes, such as blood coagulation, cancer, inflammation, and diabetes. This review summarizes the newest advances in the design and development of specific optical substrates for mammalian SHs and related high-throughput optical assays for sensing target SHs in living systems, as well as their applications in bioanalytical and biomedical fields. The design principles and the response modes for SHs optical substrates, as well as the structural information and kinetic parameters of reported probes for mammalian SHs, have been well summarized. Furthermore, the biomedical applications of SHs optical substrates in various fields, including sensing and imaging analysis of target enzyme in biological systems, high-throughput screening of enzyme inhibitors, have been demonstrated. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives in this field are also highlighted.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Analysis of single extracellular vesicles for biomedical applications with especial emphasis on cancer investigations

    Wang T.Xing Y.Cheng Z.Yu F....
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2022 Elsevier B.V.Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid membrane enclosed nano-sized vesicles that are secreted by all known organisms. These vesicles are increasingly recognized as important circulating biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of different diseases including various types of cancer, owing to their essential role in intercellular communication. EVs preserve heterogeneity in both physical properties and cargos, which makes it extraordinarily tough to fully exploit their clinical potential. Therefore, comprehensive characterization of single EVs and their sensitive detection are urgently demanded. In this article, we survey the latest progress in single EVs analysis with innovative discoveries in heterogeneity and highlight the various label-free and labelling approaches of single EVs detection. Furthermore, the state-of-the-art advances in single EV-detection based biomedical applications with especial emphasis on cancer investigations are summarized. To the end, the challenges and prospects for exploiting new system in the field of single EVs study are discussed.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Putting surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to work for nanozyme research: Methods, materials and applications

    Zhao B.Song W.Mu M.Wen S....
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2022 Elsevier B.V.Some functional nanomaterials can be used as both nanozymes and SERS substrates, thus a variety of nanozyme-SERS systems have been constructed, which have been broadly applicable in many fields. In this review, we will systematically present the recent development of the fabrication, properties and applications of the nanozyme-SERS systems. First, the fundamentals of the nanozymes and SERS technique have been introduced. Then, the classification of nanozyme-SERS systems is demonstrated. To further illustrate the SERS enhancement and the catalytic mechanisms, the influence factors such as light excitation, the introduction of the reducing reagents and metal ions, environmental conditions on the properties of nanozyme-SERS systems have been discussed. In the following, their applications for sensing, disease diagnosis and therapy, food safety, immunoassay, and environmental monitoring are reviewed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives to construct new nanozyme-SERS systems for more practical applications are featured.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    A review of calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

    Zhang D.Wang W.Chen F.Xu Y....
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2022 Elsevier B.V.As an important branch of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), calibration-free LIBS (CF-LIBS) is a famous element quantitative analysis method without standards. This method has many advantages such as real-time, in-situ, on-site, single-point, and multi-elemental analysis, with excellent potential for geology, archaeology, industrial and environmental monitoring, and biomedicine. In this review, we summarized the development of CF-LIBS. It covered a brief description of the basic theory of CF-LIBS, several modified methods and variants, proposed to overcome the non-stoichiometric ablation, self-absorption effect, and high algorithmic complexity. Furthermore, the applications of CF-LIBS in a variety of fields were reviewed. Finally, the existing problems of CF-LIBS and its potential were discussed.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Two-dimensional materials as a platform in extraction methods: A review

    Bagheri A.R.Aramesh N.Gong Z.Cerda V....
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2022 Elsevier B.V.Sample preparation is a critical step in analytical chemistry, particularly in the consideration of analytes of interest from complex matrices. Due to this complexity, the presence of interferences and low concentrations of the analytes, direct analysis of matrices is not possible in most cases. So, to address this, sample preparation is necessary for removing possible interferences, and pre-concentrating the target analytes. Sorbent-based sorptive extraction/microextraction (SBSEME) is a versatile sample preparation method that has been widely applied for the processing of various samples. With a judicious choice of sorbents, SBSEME can provide benefits like simplicity, ease of operation, cost-effectiveness, high accessibility, moderate extraction time, and low-to-moderate consumption of solvents, and compatibility with different detection techniques. Among the many different materials that have been used in SBSEME as sorbents, two-dimensional materials (TDMs) like graphene and its derivatives (graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide) have been attracting a lot of attention in recent years by those involved in the sample preparation field. TDMs have amenable characteristics like porous structures, high surface area, high adsorption capacity, ease of modification to further improve their properties, generally low toxicity, excellent biocompatibility, high physical, chemical and thermal stability, high elasticity and flexibility, and high resistance and thermal conductivity. To better investigate and understand the applicability of TDMs in sample preparation methods, it is important to survey recent progress and development of TDMs with reference to their synthesis and applications. To this end, in this review article, (a) TDMs, their features, synthesis and modification approaches are investigated; (b) different TDM composites are studied and evaluated; (c) the applications of TDMs and their composites in different extraction methods such as solid-phase extraction (SPE), dispersive SPE, magnetic SPE, micro-SPE, solid-phase microextraction, pipette-tip solid-phase extraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, and headspace sorptive extraction are described; (d) possible mechanisms of sorbent-analyte interactions as a vital aspect of extraction are also evaluated; and (e) current trends and future prospects in relation to synthesis and application of TDMs and their composites in extraction methods are assessed. The general conclusion that can be drawn from the review is that these versatile materials represent a fertile area of sample preparation research that will continue to be advanced further by analytical chemists.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    A comprehensive review of detection methods for Escherichia coli O157:H7

    Bai Z.Liu S.Xu X.Wang C....
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2022As a notorious foodborne pathogen, Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) poses a major threat to human health, public safety and economic property all around the globe, early detection is essential. In recent years, a series of novel detection strategies for the rapid, specific and sensitive detection of E. coli O157:H7 have been developed, but a systematic and comprehensive overview of purely from the perspective of detection methods is still absent. Therefore, this review summarized recent progress in optical, electrochemical and other detection methods for E. coli O157:H7, described each method's principles, merits and demerits, and discussed technological innovations and novel nanomaterials in relation to how to improve detection ability. In addition, we provide valuable and unique insights into important issues and future prospects in this field, and are confident that the detailed overview will serve as a significant reference for researchers dedicated to foodborne pathogenic detection.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Analytical tools for antibody–drug conjugates: From in vitro to in vivo

    Deng R.Liu T.Tao Y.Zhang Y....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2022 Elsevier B.V.Over the last decade, the biopharmaceutical market has witnessed a new wave of development in antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) due to their high efficacy in cancer treatment. To date, thirteen U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved ADCs are available for clinical use. ADC development is dependent on analytical tools for comprehensively characterizing ADCs, from their biochemical attributes (such as drug-to-antibody ratio and conjugation sites) to their in vivo dynamics. This review will provide a general overview of ADC characterization from in vitro tests to in vivo dynamics. Recent advances in analytical techniques are helping us to better understand and optimize the quality, safety, and efficacy of ADCs. The advantages and limitations of these approaches will be described, and the challenges and potential opportunities for future ADC characterization will be discussed. The review will provide insights for the development of ADC analytical approaches, in turn facilitating the development of ADC drugs.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    State of the art of the methods proposed for selenium speciation analysis by CVG-AFS

    Ferreira S.L.C.Goncalves L.B.Santos Neto J.H.Pereira Junior J.B....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The inorganic selenium speciation analysis by non-chromatographic methods using atomic fluorescence spectrometry with chemical vapor generation (CVG-AFS) involves the determination of total selenium and Se(IV). Quantification of Se(VI) concentration is obtained by the difference between the total selenium and Se(IV) concentrations. However, the determination of total selenium requires a pre-reduction step of Se(VI) to Se(IV), which is complicated because the kinetics of this reaction is very slow, although thermodynamically favorable. Even chromatographic speciation methods established with detection using CVG-AFS require a pre-reduction step from Se(VI) to Se(IV) because the chemical vapor generation occurs with the Se(IV) species converted to H2Se. This way, several strategies have been proposed for the selenium speciation involving microwave radiation, UV radiation, conventional heating, and different reagents (potassium iodide, sodium bromide, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, potassium bromate, organic acids), besides co-precipitation and solid-phase extraction procedures. This work reports the advantages and drawbacks of the main techniques employed in selenium speciation studies.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Mass spectrometry analysis of S-nitrosylation of proteins and its role in cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases

    Wang X.Zhou W.Gao Z.Lv X....
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2022 Elsevier B.V.Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an indispensable tool in the study of protein identification, protein interactions, and post-translational modifications (PTMs). S-nitrosylation is a major nitric oxide-dependent covalent PTM that targets specific cysteine residues and affects a variety of processes in diverse biological systems. Nowadays, the significance of protein S-nitrosylation in cellular physiology and pathophysiology is increasingly recognized. To deeply understand the formation, selectivity, and regulatory roles of S-nitrosylation, global identifications of S-nitrosylated proteins and their modification sites are highly required. This review summarizes the currently available approaches combining with MS for the analysis of protein S-nitrosylation. Sample preparation techniques specific to S-nitrosylated proteins are evaluated. Meanwhile, we also demonstrate the MS-based qualitative and quantitative proteomic strategies for S-nitrosylation measurement. Roles of protein S-nitrosylation in human diseases are further discussed with emphasis on cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. In the end, current limitations and future research directions are presented.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL