查看更多>>摘要：In this study, a human milk fat substitute (HMFS) rich in 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (OPL) was prepared by physical blending. First, OPL was enzymatically synthesized by the acidolysis of fractionated palm stearin with oleic and linoleic acids. The reaction parameters were assessed until an optimum process was achieved. Under optimum conditions, contents of OPL and sn-2 palmitic acid in the synthesized OPL product were 47.93% and 87.90%, respectively. Subsequently, a physical blending model was established for the first time to prepare the HMFS similar to human milk fat (HMF). The optimum ratio of soybean oil, rapeseed oil, coconut oil, basa catfish oil and OPL product was determined to be 11.06%:2.91%:14.41%:35.02%:36.59%. The similarity between HMFS and HMF was evaluated by "deducting score" principle and the overall score of the HMFS was 84.98. The prepared HMFS have higher similarity than commercial HMFS products and thus are potential to be used in infant formulas.
查看更多>>摘要：Bioactive compounds such as phenolics, anthocyanins and carotenoids were investigated in Berberis plant with purple (PB), red (RB) and orange (OB) fruits (barberries). The study was aimed to evaluate the bioaccessibility of the antioxidants and ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitory compounds of barberry plants upon their transit through in-vitro digestion. Among barberries, (PB) exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity due to its higher phenolic and flavonoid content. The order of total phenolics and anthocyanins was PB > RB > OB. Chlorogenic acid was the main phenolic compound in all barberries even after in-vitro digestion. All barberries had similar amounts of total carotenoids (4.45 mg beta-carotene/100gDW). After in-vitro digestion, decreasing phenolics, anthocyanins and carotenoids led to a reduced antioxidant activity. Anthocyanins were found the most sensitive compounds in-vitro digestion. In terms of ACE inhibition activity, only RB exhibited ACE inhibition before (73.84%) and after (65.51%) in-vitro digestion. No ACE inhibition activity was detected at all in RB and OB samples. Leaves and branches of Berberis had also over 50% ACE inhibitory activity. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the carotenoids of barberry and the effect of in-vitro digestion on its bioactive compounds and ACE inhibitors.
查看更多>>摘要：Antimicrobial edible films made by biopolymers have potential applications in food packaging. They can reduce environmental pollution and prevent the growth of pathogens. A corn protein, zein, and a derivative of cellulose, methyl cellulose (MC), are selected for making edible packaging films. This study aimed to develop the zein and MC composite films using the selected plasticizers, to characterize the physical properties, and to evaluate the antimicrobial activities after incorporating the essential oil, thymol. Composite films with various zein to MC ratios were prepared using oleic acid and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The chemical bonding formation was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. Mechanical properties of the films were measured. Tensile strength of the zein-MC composite films (45.7 +/- 1.3 MPa) was largely improved compared to that of zein films (7.4 +/- 0.3 MPa). The maximum elongation of the zein-MC composite films (34.3 +/- 4.3 cm/100 cm) was much higher than that of pure MC films (13.47 +/- 1.55 cm/100 cm). The incorporation of zein reduced the water vapor permeability and solubility of MC films. Antimicrobial composite films were prepared by adding thymol into the zein-MC composite films, and the films have been proved to be effective against E. coli and S. aureus at the thymol concentrations of 0.15 and 0.2 (g/g), respectively.
查看更多>>摘要：This study determined the effects of four thermal processing methods for germinated highland barley (GHB) on its nutritional composition, physicochemical properties, in vitro starch and protein digestibility, and in vitro prebiotic effects. The contents of total dietary fiber (TDF) and total phenols were significantly increased by steaming, microwave, baking and extrusion processing, while the contents of ash, starch and resistant starch were decreased. Except for baking, the other three methods improved the water hydration properties by increasing the water absorption index, water solubility index and swelling power. Thermally processed samples, especially those extruded, exhibited better thermal stability, pasting properties and in vitro protein digestibility, possibly because of the damage to the whole grain powder particles. The thermally processed digesta of GHB promoted the proliferation of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. delbrueckii in a dose-dependent manner, especially for those extruded, followed by those processed by steaming, microwave and baking. A Pearson correlation analysis showed that the prebiotic effect was positively correlated with the content of TDF in the different samples. Overall, thermal processing increased the quality and digestibility of GHB, with extrusion being the most suitable for industrial processing.
Velazquez-Gutierrez, S. K.Alpizar-Reyes, E.Guadarrama-Lezama, A. Y.Baez-Gonzalez, J. G....
11页
查看更多>>摘要：Sesame oil was encapsulated by ionic gelation using matrices of sodium alginate and nopal mucilage as wall material. Moisture sorption isotherms of three different types of hydrogels beads formed by SA-NM (1:0 w/w), SA-NM (1:1 w/w) and SA-NM (1:1.5 w/w) were performed at 25, 35 and 45 degrees C. Experimental isotherms were described by means of the GAB model, showing sigmoidal shape. Pore radius values of beads ranged from 0.81 to 7.59 nm, corresponding to micropores and mesopores classification. The integral thermodynamic properties were estimated to define conditions of maximum stability of the hydrogel beads. The point of maximum stability, linked to minimum integral entropy, was in the range 3.31-5.59 kg H2O/100 kg d.s. (corresponding to water activity, alpha(W), of 0.23-0.59) in the studied temperature range. Enthalpy-entropy compensation for the beads exhibited the presence of two isokinetic temperatures; one at low moisture contents (0-5.95 kg H2O/100 kg d.s.) controlled by variations of the water entropy, and a second given by enthalpy-driven mechanisms. Overall, the results showed that the hydrogel beads exhibited features of micro- and meso-porous biomaterials. Besides, the composition of the wall material has central implications for the characteristics of the sorption process.
查看更多>>摘要：The objective of this study was to evaluate negative influences of single specific spoilage organism (SSO) on little yellow croaker under modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) by biochemical properties characterization and spoilage-related volatile indicators identification. The assays of chemical spoilage indexes (CSIs) demonstrated that SSO would accelerate deterioration. The Shewanella glacialipiscicola (S.lgacialipiscicola)-inoculated fish samples with higher rejection degree (76.47 +/- 2.15%), pH value (7.18 +/- 0.03), TVB-N contents (63.21 +/- 5.13 mg/100 g), K-value (93.76 +/- 4.10%) and lower chewiness value (84.40 +/- 14.39 g), indicated the stronger spoilage ability of S. galacialipiscicola than Carnobacterium maltaromaticum (C.maltaromaticum). Volatile compound (VOC) metabolites produced by microbial activity were characterized by GC-MS, a total of 21 and 25 VOC compounds were identified in fish sample inoculated with S. galacialipiscicola or C. maltaromaticum, respectively. The spoilage-related volatile indicators were screened through multivariate statistic analysis. The indicators of S. glacialipiscicola were indole and trimethylamine, while indole, trimethylamine and dodecanol were screened for C. maltaromaticum. Furthermore, significant correlation was observed by mathematical models between CSIs and VOC indicators. This study revealed the spoilage behaviors and related VOC production of certain SSO, providing a basis for spoilage mechanism investigation and targeted inhibition of SSO.
查看更多>>摘要：Since Chinese Herbal Medicine contain many antimicrobial chemicals, they have great potential as new anti-microbial agents. Five Chinese Herbal Medicine extracts were obtained from hawthorn leaf, ginkgo leaf, bamboo leaf, redskin peanut, and lotus leaf by thermal reflux. The optimal mixed ratio was 2: 2: 5: 9 (hawthorn leaf, ginkgo leaf, bamboo leaf, redskin peanut) using the orthogonal method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 1.3 mg/mL. The total flavonoid content in the mixed-plant extract was 21.5%, and the quercetin, vitexin, different vitexin, galangal and resveratrol content were 0.32, 4.38, 1.87, 0.36 and 1.35 mg/L, respectively. The inhibitory mechanism was studied by changes in growth curves, cellular structure, cell-wall permeability and cell-membrane integrity. Results showed that the addition of plant extracts reduced the presence of E. coli, while increasing AKP, conductivity and ion-channel enzymes. Plant extracts damaged E. coli cell-walls and cell-membrane structures. The addition of 6% mixed-plant extract showed a positive effect on the quality and safety of fermented-bag sausage.
de Medeiros, Jucelio KulmannSarkis, Julia RibeiroJaeschke, Debora PezMercali, Giovana Domeneghini...
11页
查看更多>>摘要：To allow a widespread commercialization of sugarcane juice it is necessary to develop an effective preservation method. For that, thermosonication was evaluated as an alternative processing technology. Therefore, ultrasound (US) and conventional (CH) treatments were compared regarding peroxidase (POD) inactivation. Both treatments were performed for 25 min at 50-80 degrees C, with matched temperature profiles. POD inactivation kinetics were evaluated under different US parameters: pulse regime, US application time and power intensity. After treatments, sugarcane juice was monitored for 32 days under refrigerated storage to verify juice quality. Results showed that POD inactivation followed Weibull model for US and CH treatments at 70, 75 and 80 degrees C. At 70 and 75 degrees C, US lead to faster POD inactivation when compared to CH. The use of 20s on/10s off pulse regime, US application for 25 min and 75% power intensity were the best conditions for enzyme inactivation (77.3%). During refrigerated storage, POD regeneration, phenolic compounds degradation nor sedimentation were observed in the juice treated by US. For CH, on the other hand, sedimentation and lower phenolic compounds were observed. Overall, US is a potential technology for sugarcane juice enzymatic inactivation with reduced processing times and/or temperatures, leading to a better quality juice.
查看更多>>摘要：This study aims to assess the quality attributes of lentil flour fortified yoghurt during cold storage (6 +/- 2 degrees C) for 21 days. Yogurt formulation was based on the addition of roasted and unroasted lentil flour at rate of 4%. Three formulations (first and the second treatments were prepared with the addition of unroasted and roasted lentil flour (ULF and RLF), respectively and third one plain yogurt) were prepared from partially skimmed cow milk and fermented with specific thermophilic bacteria of yogurt. The physicochemical (pH, titratable acidity and dry extract), microbiological quality and sensory acceptance were evaluated through the entire storage period. Lentil flours structure (roasted and unroasted) has been observed, before and after addition in the yogurt, by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results showed that addition of lentil flour significantly (p < 0.05) affected the physicochemical and sensorial properties of fortified yogurts. Low syneresis value was observed in yogurt with unroasted and roasted lentil flour, respectively compared with the control. While, the microbiological analysis showed that the yogurts are of satisfactory quality. The most preferred yogurt was the one incorporated with unroasted lentil flour. The SEM observations of lentil flours before and after addition in yogurt found the significant changes in their morphology structure.
查看更多>>摘要：This study aims to evaluate the effects of asparagus pomace with different particle size (similar to 10 mu m, similar to 30 mu m, and similar to 80 mu m) on intestinal function and health. One hundred and forty male Kunming mice were divided into fourteen groups and were used for small intestine movement experiment, defecation experiment, and intestinal function and health experiment, respectively. Results showed that, asparagus pomace samples treatment could markedly alleviate the constipation caused by loperamide with improved intestinal propulsion rate, reduced initial time of the first black stool, and increased the total mass of faeces within 6 h (P < 0.05), and finer samples worked better. All asparagus pomace-treated groups could significantly reduce the cecum ammonia concentration, increase the faeces dry weight and moisture content, and lower the beta-D-glucosidase and beta-D-glucuronidase activities. However, the difference in aforementioned properties between similar to 10 mu m and similar to 30 mu m groups were not significant (P > 0.05), and the respective maximal efficiency were observed when the sample was ranged within the size in similar to 30 mu m, which indicated that a rational granularity can meet its objectives. This paper is expected to provide new insights of pulverization on functional properties of fiber-rich food materials.
NSTL
Elsevier