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Agricultural Water Management
Elsevier
Agricultural Water Management

Elsevier

0378-3774

Agricultural Water Management/Journal Agricultural Water ManagementSCIISTPEI
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    Farmers' intended and actual adoption of soil and water conservation practices

    Bagheri, AsgharTeymouri, Ali
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Soil erosion is either caused by natural agents or induced by human activities. Human activities play a decisive role in soil erosion type and extent. Numerous studies have been conducted on the adoption of soil and water conservation (SWC), but farmers' intended and actual adoption of SWC practices are not well documented. This study employed the theory of planned behavior to model farmers' intended and actual adoption of SWC practices in Heris County in East Azarbayjan province, Iran. Except for the extended construct of moral norms, all research hypotheses were validated, confirming the importance of socio-psychological factors in farmers' decisionmaking. Low-cost practices that could be implemented using available facilities were adopted, but technical and costly practices were not. Respondents had fairly positive intentions towards adopting the SWC practices (mean = 3.24). While the adoption rate was slightly lower than the intentions, the intended and actual adopted practices were strongly correlated (r = 0.837). The respondents had relatively positive attitudes towards SWC (3.59). The construct of subjective norms (3.13) showed that referent people were highly influential on farmers' decisions to adopt SWC practices. While moral norms exhibited the highest mean score (3.78), it did not influence the intention significantly, indicating that majority of the respondents were morally committed to SWC. Regarding perceived behavioral control (PBC), the respondents had moderate to good control over their behavior in the use of some practices while their control was low in using technical practices (3.23). Attitudes, PBC, moral norms, and subjective norms explained 83.6% of the variance of intentions, and PBC and intentions captured 77.9% of the variance of actual adoption. The results have implications for policymakers and extension agencies.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Seasonal variation and controlling factors of evapotranspiration over dry semi-humid cropland in Guanzhong Plain, China

    Wang, YunfeiZou, YufengCai, HuanjieZeng, Yijian...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Guanzhong Plain is a critical food production area in the Yellow River Basin that frequently suffers from water shortages. In this study, long-term (June 2013 to June 2018) water and energy fluxes were observed, and path analysis was conducted over an irrigated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) / summer maize (Zea mays L.) rotation field to identify the controlling factors of evapotranspiration (ET). Total ET for each crop year ranged from 627 to 775 mm, with an average growing season ET of 398 mm for wheat and 310 mm for maize. There is significant seasonal variation in both ET and surface conductance (Gs). Daily ET varied from 0.0 to 6.0 mm d-1 for wheat and 0.0 to 6.7 mm d-1 for maize. The peak daily values of Gs were 29.5 mm s-1 for wheat and 19.5 mm s-1 for maize. The direct and indirect effects of environmental and biological factors-net radiation (Rn), surface conductance (Gs), saturation vapor pressure deficit (VPD), leaf area index (LAI), air temperature (Tair), and volumetric soil water content (VWC)-on ET were calculated using the path analysis method. Rn was determined to be the primary controlling factor of ET for both the summer maize and winter wheat growing seasons. Also, Gs was found to be another controlling factor that has more controlling power in the summer maize growing season than in the winter wheat season. VPD had a significant positive and direct effect on ET for both of the crop seasons, while it had a significant negative and indirect effect on ET through Gs in the summer maize season. VWC and Tair only directly affected the wheat ET. In addition, VWC had two significant paths that can indirectly affect ET through LAI and Gs. The revealed seasonal patterns and controlling factors of evapotranspiration in this agroecosystem provide a theoretical basis for optimizing water resources management of the Yellow River.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Grapevine responses to site-specific spatiotemporal factors in a Mediterranean climate

    Ohana-Levi, NoaMintz, Danielle FermanHagag, NaveStern, Yossi...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Water availability in vineyards varies in space and time. The spatiotemporal variability of water availability to vines is affected by terrain, meteorology, and irrigation. This study aimed to analyze the response of vegetative and reproductive attributes of vines to spatiotemporal variability in water availability. We quantified the spatial autocorrelation of terrain covariates and grapevine attributes and determined the relative influence (RI) of the covariates on these attributes. In each of four growing seasons (2017-2020), in a Vitis vinifera cv. "Sauvignon Blanc" vineyard, five vegetative and reproductive attributes were collected for 240 vines. Terrain covariates included elevation, slope, aspect, topographic wetness index, and categorical landforms; and meteorological covariates consisted of annual rainfall and chilling hours. A Moran's I statistic was computed for each spatial covariate and each grapevine attribute during each season to define temporal changes in spatial variability. A multivariate analysis using gradient boosted regression trees algorithm was applied to extract the RI of the covariates. The results showed high spatial autocorrelation of the terrain covariates and a strong negative shift in spatial dependency of the grapevine attributes throughout the experiment. Yield and number of clusters per vine were highly affected by seasonal precipitation (RI of 46.15% and 42.59%), while changes in inter-seasonal cluster weight and pruning weight were highly subjected to irrigation amounts (RI of 23% and 26.66%), with complementary terrain influences. The number of canes per vine was mainly affected by terrain characteristics. Long-term changes in grapevine attributes depended on meteorological shifts, while higher precipitation amounts were associated with weaker responses of vines to irrigation strategies. The spatial patterns of terrain affected water distribution in the vineyard and controlled the spatial dynamics of grapevine attributes. Knowledge regarding the space-time trends of water availability effects on grapevine attributes may assist decision making of irrigation practices in vineyards.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effect of salinity on oleic sunflower (Helianthus annuus Linn.) under drip irrigation in arid area of Northwest China

    Han, XiaoyuKang, YaohuWan, ShuqinLi, Xiaobin...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：To achieve secure and efficient saline water irrigation in arid areas, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the salt distribution in the soil profile and response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to salinity from 2018 to 2020. The experiment included five levels of irrigation water salinity (ECi = 0.5 dS/m, 3.3 dS/m, 4.9 dS/m, 6.6 dS/m and 8.2 dS/m). The results indicated that the soil salinity rose slightly and was maintained in balance in the first two years owing to the moderate freshwater irrigation after planting. In 2020, surface salinity accumulation occurred when the ECi was greater than 3.3 dS/m. The average soil salinity at 0-100 cm soil depth was near that of the irrigation water. The effects of irrigation water salinity on plant growth and yield were also investigated. Salinity hindered the growth of the sunflower, which was indicated by a decrease of plant height, biomass, and plant water content. Salinity also reduced sunflower yield by reducing the disk diameter and 100-grain weight. IWP increased in the first two years and then decreased in the third year with an increase in the irrigation water salinity. The salinity threshold for oleic sunflower was 1.3 dS/m, and the sunflower seed yield decreased by 4.9% for every 1 dS/m increase in soil salinity. To ensure a seed yield of over 75%, the soil salinity should be less than 6.4 dS/m. It was concluded that for oleic sunflower drip irrigation in arid areas, the plant, should be irrigated with 80 mm of freshwater to leach salt after planting. This not only ensures that the seed yield is no less than 85% but also maintains a balanced soil salinity after harvest when the ECi increases to 8.2 dS/m.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Biomaterial amendments combined with ridge-furrow mulching improve soil hydrothermal characteristics and wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.) growth in the Qaidam Basin of China

    Duan, ChenxiaoChen, JifeiLi, JiabeiSu, Shunshun...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Droughts, intense soil evaporation, and poor soil structure with low water holding capacity and nutrients restrict agricultural production in the Qaidam Basin on the Tibetan Plateau. Excessive chemical fertilizers have been applied to increase the yields of wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.), a significant economic crop in northwest China, which has further degraded soils. Biomaterial amendments and ridge-furrow mulching are effective measures for increasing soil water availability, crop yields, and water use efficiency (WUE). However, the combined effects of biomaterial amendments and ridge-furrow mulching on soil hydrothermal conditions, crop growth, and yield in this area are unknown. A field study was undertaken in 2018 and 2019 to investigate their combined influences on soil moisture and temperature, crop growth, yield characteristics, and WUE on the Tibetan Plateau. The experiment comprised four treatments: flat planting with film mulching (FM), flat planting with film mulching and biomaterial amendment (FMBA), ridge-furrow planting with film mulching (RM), and ridge-furrow planting with film mulching and biomaterial amendment (RMBA). The biomaterial amendment and ridge-furrow mulching treatments increased soil water content in the 0-120 cm soil layer, especially at 0-60 cm soil depth at early growth stages, compared with FM. Furthermore, the ridge-furrow mulching treatments had significantly higher soil temperatures than the FM treatment at the sprout stage. The RMBA treatment produced favorable soil hydrothermal properties, which significantly increased mean plant height, ground diameter, and root length density (RLD). The RMBA treatment also produced the highest crop yield, WUE, and berry quality in both growing seasons. Compared with FM, the RMBA treatment increased mean yield and WUE by 23.0% and 28.6%, respectively, across the two growing seasons. We conclude that the RMBA treatment is an effective and prom-ising cultivation pattern for alleviating water scarcity and improving soil hydrothermal conditions, yield, and WUE on the Tibetan Plateau.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Improving water markets in Spain: Lesson-drawing from the Murray-Darling Basin in Australia

    Palomo-Hierro, SaraLoch, AdamPerez-Blanco, C. Dionisio
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：The transfer of successful water market governance between international settings is increasingly attractive to policy makers under globalization. This paper tests lesson-drawing approaches to water market governance transfers using data from Spain and the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia. Spain is the blueprint country for water market adoption in Europe, while Australia is often presented as a world leader in innovative water market arrangements. A preliminary comparative analysis framework linking water market governance principles to observed institutional arrangements and outcomes is provided. Finally, some key lessons, problems and policy transfer potential to stimulate and enhance Spanish water markets from lesson-drawing approaches are drawn, with an emphasis on adaptive capacity as an institutional performance metric. We find that Spain's current water governance institutions and arrangements offer a solid platform for marketing reform, where some key adaptive capacity constraints are able to be addressed. The lessons drawn from this study highlight those areas of change which, while challenging, can be achieved in our view.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Implication of climate variable selections on the uncertainty of reference crop evapotranspiration projections propagated from climate variables projections under climate change

    Lai, ChengguangChen, XiaohongZhong, RuidaWang, Zhaoli...
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：The projection of reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) based on global climate models (GCMs) is an important task in many fields under climate change background. However, ETo projections are typically hindered by the limited data availability or high uncertainty of the GCM-projected climate variable for ETo calculation (e.g., radiation and wind speed). In the current study, we investigate how the selection of climate variables for ETo calculation would influence the reliability and uncertainty of the ETo projections. Based on the Penman-Monteith (P-M) formula and the missing variable estimation approaches provided by FAO, five variable selection schemes (VSs) that select different subsets of the climate variables for ETo calculation are established. Four emission scenarios, five GCMs and four statistical downscaling approaches were adopted, and their uncertainty contributions were quantified by analyses of variation (ANOVA) approach. Results show that, among the climate variables except air temperature, shortwave radiation caused the lowest uncertainty to the projected ETo, and is thus suggested as the most suitable variable to be considered for ETo projections. In most areas, wind speed and relative humidity are determined as marginal variables for their limited influences in ETo projections, yet in some complex-terrain regions, wind speed could propagate considerable uncertainty to the projected ETo. Differences in GCMs is the major source of uncertainty in ETo projections, while the emission scenario generally ranked as second. Statistical downscaling approaches contribute limited uncertainty (below 10%) to ETo projections. Above all, this study shows the applicability of using the missing value estimation approaches for the FAO56 P-M formula to perform future ETo projection, for the practices with limited GCM data availability, and can serve as the reference for selecting suitable variables for ETo forecasting in applications.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Joint analysis of drought and heat events during maize (Zea mays L.) growth periods using copula and cloud models: A case study of Songliao Plain

    Guo, YingLu, XiaolingZhang, JiquanLi, Kaiwei...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Due to global warming, it is necessary to study the influence of extreme climate and concurrent events on crop growth. The study area was the Songliao Plain, where drought events frequently occur. First, the daily meteorological data of 14 meteorological stations from 1981 to 2016 were collected to analyze the temporal and spatial changes in the crop water surplus and deficit index, extreme growing degree-days, and heat stress intensity during different growth stages of maize. Second, the cloud model was used to describe the fuzziness of concurrent events (simultaneous drought and heat), and mutual mapping between qualitative and quantitative data was undertaken. The fuzzy certainty degree of the influence of different degrees of concurrent events on maize was calculated. Third, the copula function was used to describe the randomness of concurrent extreme events and calculate the joint probability distribution and return period. An assessment method was proposed for concurrent events from the perspective of system uncertainty. Finally, we analyzed the relationship between concurrent events and maize yield, which showed different degrees of water deficit and warming trends during each growth period. Crops were most affected by extreme weather during the reproductive growth period (RGP). During the vegetative growth period (VGP), the temperature increase was higher than in other periods, especially in the high-latitude region. The frequency of mild concurrent events was higher during the VGP and RGP. During the vegetative and reproductive period, the average occurrence probability of mild, moderate, and severe concurrent events was 21.9%, 1.7%, and 0.35%, respectively, whereas during the RGP, it was 23.1%, 8.2%, and 0.12%, respectively. The present study provides a meaningful reference for a better understanding of the occurrence laws of drought, heat, and concurrent events during crop growth periods and how to optimize the agricultural management of maize.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Exploring machine learning and multi-task learning to estimate meteorological data and reference evapotranspiration across Brazil

    Ferreira, Lucas Borgesda Cunha, Fernando FrancaFernandes Filho, Elpidio Inacio
    20页
    查看更多>>摘要：Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) can be estimated using the FAO56-Penman-Monteith (FAO56-PM) equation but it requires commonly unavailable meteorological data. Therefore, this study assessed different approaches to estimate ETo based on temperature and relative humidity, and temperature only across Brazil, as follows: (i) using the FAO56-PM equation with missing data estimated based on FAO56 methodologies; (ii) using the FAO56PM equation with missing data estimated based on machine learning; and (iii) estimating ETo directly using machine learning. The FAO56-PM equation was also calibrated through linear regression and by calibrating the methodologies used to estimate missing data. The potential benefits of using multi-task learning (MTL) and clustering were also investigated. Data from 437 weather stations were used. Artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) were employed. In both general and clustering scenarios, calibrating the FAO56-PM equation using linear regression provided slightly better results than calibrating the methodologies used to estimate missing data. In contrast to temperature-and relative humidity-based FAO56-PM equation, its temperature-based version performed better before both calibration types assessed. The machine learning models performed the best to estimate ETo and missing data. Combining the machine learning models with the FAO56-PM equation to estimate ETo performed similarly to using them individually. MTL and single-task learning (STL) provided similar results. In the general scenario, for the temperature-based models, using PM-ANN-STL increased mean NSE from 0.49 to 0.53 in relation to the non-calibrated FAO56-PM equation. For the temperature-and relative humidity-based models, using ANN and RF developed with STL or MTL increased NSE from 0.56 to 0.67 in relation to the FAO56-PM equation calibrated using linear regression. When using the clustering strategy, performance gains were obtained in estimating ETo with the temperature-based models, increasing mean NSE up to 0.58.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Impact of water markets on equity and efficiency in irrigation water use: A systematic review and meta-analysis

    Bajaj, AkshiSingh, S. P.Nayak, Diptimayee
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：The water markets as an institution for water demand and supply management has been extensively documented both theoretically and empirically. The application of successful water market models of developed economies in developing economies has also gained much attention of the researchers and policy makers globally. However, the studies in different regions have stated a number of arguments both in favour and against the water markets as an economic instrument for water use efficiency and equity, particularly in the irrigation sector. The present study conducts a systematic review and meta-analysis for identifying different ways in which the water markets impact irrigation water-use in different regions and analyse the various factors of water markets that impact irrigation water-use efficiency and equity. The results show that all the studies that confirm the trade-off between water-use efficiency and equity are based on markets with inter-sectoral trade, specifically formal markets. Only about 27% of the reviewed studies found that both the objectives of equity and efficiency can be achieved simultaneously with water trading. The impact of water markets on efficiency depends on five factors viz. soft infrastructure/institutional governance, hard infrastructure, physical water scarcity, reliability/Trust in the water market system, and social acceptance. The difference in the very nature of the buyers and sellers in the formal and informal markets largely explains the difference in the functioning of the respective markets. Thus, this study highlights the range of factors behind the heterogeneity in the results of the reviewed studies on the given theme that can support the policy makers in framing the customized water trading policies.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier