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Agricultural Water Management
Elsevier
Agricultural Water Management

Elsevier

0378-3774

Agricultural Water Management/Journal Agricultural Water ManagementSCIISTPEI
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    A method for the prioritization of water reuse projects in agriculture irrigation

    Bolinches A.Blanco-Gutierrez I.Esteve P.Zubelzu S....
    17页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Water reuse is a strategic priority for Water Authorities in Europe to reduce the pressure on water resources, although implementation is lagging behind expectations due to financial, administrative and social acceptance concerns. In this context, there is a special interest to identify in which specific Wastewater Treatment Plants it would be interesting to add a Water Regeneration Plant, taking account of potential existing clients in the vicinity and the implied costs and benefits. This paper proposes a method to quantify the infrastructure and operation costs of project implementation and the benefits of the additional water offer. An algorithm designs the distribution network, allowing for a quick cost analysis. The method is applied in the Upper Guadiana in Central Spain, where irrigation led to the overexploitation of the local aquifers and the subsequent restrictions on water use. Taking account of the existing Wastewater Treatment Plants, candidate reuse projects are classified according to their benefit/cost ratio, showing large differences according to the location and potential use of the regenerated water. The analysis allows for a quick assessment of the costs and benefits implied in different reuse projects and scenarios, providing science-based evidence to support water policy decisions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Changes and driving factors of compound agricultural droughts and hot events in eastern China

    Zhang Y.Hao Z.Feng S.Zhang X....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Compound droughts and hot events (or hot droughts) have attracted increasing attention due to their far-reaching impacts. Previous studies on these events mostly focused on the concurrence of meteorological droughts and hot extremes. The compound agricultural droughts and hot events (CADHEs), which have direct impacts on agricultural production, have received limited attention to their variability and driving factors. In this study, we defined CADHEs based on summer temperature and soil moisture from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) and investigated their changes and potentially driving factors for the period 1949–2014 in eastern China. Results showed increases in the frequency of CADHEs in Northeast China, North China, and South China (with increases of 125%, 160%, and 83%, respectively) except for Central China (with a decrease of 39%). Furthermore, we analyzed the contributions from individual variables (i.e., soil moisture and temperature) and their dependence on CADHEs changes in quantitative manners. For most regions, the increased temperature was the dominant driving factor of increased CADHEs. Strengthened soil moisture-temperature dependence was shown to play an important role in the increase of CADHEs in Northeast China, highlighting the contributions of dependence changes on the variability of compound events. This study can improve the understanding of changes in compound droughts and hot extremes and provide useful insights for mitigation measures of agricultural losses under global warming.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Chemical characteristics of a bean-cultivated acrisol irrigated with saline water

    dos Santos D.B.de Sousa Medeiros S.Rocha T.A.L.C.G.Batista R.O....
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.To evaluates the leaching effects by saline water (2.0 dS m?1) on the chemical characteristics of a Red Eutrophic Acrisol. This study was carried out under cultivated with the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), in protected drainage lysimeters, at the lysimeter station of the Irrigation and Drainage experimental area of the Federal University of Vi?osa, Vi?osa/MG, Brazil. Treatments comprised six leaching fractions, equivalent to 40%, 31%, 25%, 23%, 16% and 14% of irrigation water depths. Soil and bean leaf chemical characteristics were performed in soil and leaf samples harvested during the filling of bean pods. N, K+, Mg2+, S, Zn2+ and B rates in bean leaves were influenced positively by leaching fractions with saline water. Results show that leaching fraction 25% increases nutrient concentration in soil solution (P, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+) and that N, K+, Mg2+, S, Zn2+, B rates in bean leaves were affected by leaching fractions. The contents of P, Ca, Na, Fe, Mn and Cu2+ rates were not significantly affected with regard to variation in leaching fractions. Soil characteristics pH (H2O), SOM, K+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, ISNA, ESP and RAS were not influenced by leaching fractions with saline water.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Irrigation optimization with a deep reinforcement learning model: Case study on a site in Portugal

    Alibabaei K.Gaspar P.D.Lima T.M.Assuncao E....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.In the field of agriculture, the water used for irrigation should be given special treatment, as it is responsible for a large proportion of total water consumption. Irrigation scheduling is critical to food production because it guarantees producers a consistent harvest and minimizes the risk of losses due to water shortages. Therefore, the creation of an automatic irrigation method using new technologies is essential. New methods such as deep learning algorithms have attracted a lot of attention in agriculture and are already being used successfully. In this work, a Deep Q-Network was trained for irrigation scheduling. The agent was trained to schedule irrigation for a tomato field in Portugal. Two Long Short Term Memory models were used as the agent environment. One predicts the total water in the soil profile on the next day. The other one was employed to estimate the yield based on the environmental condition during a season and then measure the net return. The agent uses this information to decide the following irrigation amount. An Artificial Neural Network, a Long Short Term Memory, and a Convolutional Neural Network were used to estimating the Q-table during training. Unlike the Long-Short Terms Memory model, the Artificial Neural Network and the Convolutional Neural Network could not estimate the Q-table, and the agent's reward decreased during training. The comparison of the performance of the model was done with fixed base irrigation and threshold based irrigation. The trained model increased productivity by 11% and decreased water consumption by 20–30% compared to the fixed method.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Soil water stress and physiological responses of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) subject to tillage and irrigation management in lower Gangetic plain

    Mukherjee S.Nandi R.Kundu A.Bandyopadhyay P.K....
    17页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.In India, chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is mostly cultivated in post-rice residual soil water on marginal lands. Low crop productivity due to terminal water and heat stress during reproductive stages, is a major concern, especially in the rice-fallows of lower Gangetic plains of India. In this backdrop, we examined the effect of different tillage (CT and ZT) and irrigation management (I0 – no irrigation; IF – irrigation at the initiation of the flowering stage; IPF – irrigation at the initiation of pod formation stage, IF+PF – irrigation at both initiation of flowering and pod formation stage) on the performance of chickpea concerning dynamics of soil and crop water stress affecting various physiological characteristics, yield and water productivity (WP) on an Aeric Haplaquept, clay loam soil in rice-fallows of lower Gangetic plain of India during 2017–18 and 2018–19. ZT with standing rice stubbles modified the hydrothermal regime of the soil by lowering the evaporative loss and vertical movement of soil water within the compacted puddled rice soil and significantly altered the stress intensity faced by chickpea at the critical growth stages. On average, 35.0%, 23.5%, and 15.5% higher soil water storage under ZT as compared to CT during vegetative, flowering, and pod formation stages, significantly alters the plant water status as affirmed by higher relative leaf water content, leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate and lowering of proline content and canopy temperature. Application of irrigation at the critical growth stages had a positive priming effect on plant water availability under both the tillage practices. Higher yield (1984 kg ha?1), and WP (13.6 kg ha?1mm?1) under ZT-IF treatment combination proved it to be the best, from the perspective of mitigating terminal soil water stress as well as enhancing the productivity of chickpea in the rice-fallows of lower Gangetic plains of India.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of soil preparation and mulching practices together with different urea applications on the water and nitrogen use of winter wheat in semi-humid and drought-prone areas

    Zhao X.Gu X.Yang Z.Li Y....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Soil preparation and mulching practices in combination with slow-release urea application are important measures for agricultural yield enhancement. However, slow-release urea may cause a yield reduction due to insufficient fertility in early crop growth. We considered whether the ridge-furrow plastic-mulching (RFP) system using different mulch colors could offset this disadvantage. An experiment was conducted using a randomized split-plot design with three soil preparation and mulching practices as the main-plot treatments in combination with three different urea applications as sub-plot treatments. The three soil preparation and mulching practices were flat cropping without mulch (F), the RFP system with white plastic mulch over the ridge (W), and the RFP system with black plastic mulch over the ridge (B); the three urea applications were no urea (N0), slow-release urea (NS), and ordinary urea (NU). The results showed that compared to F, the RFP system (especially B) could increase the use of precipitation and reduce soil water depletion, which ultimately increased the water productivity (WP) of winter wheat. In addition, the nitrogen use efficiency of NS was further improved under the RFP system, while there was essentially no difference between the two different urea types under F. In summary, B could take full advantage of NS to coordinate the relationship between effective spikes per unit area, grains per spike, and 1000-grain weight, maximizing the WP, nitrogen use efficiency, and grain yield. Between 2016 and 2019, the WP and grain yield of B-NS increased by 79.2–107.0% and 75.7–87.0%, respectively, compared to the lowest value (F-N0). The nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE), nitrogen physiological efficiency (NPE), nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE), and nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP) of B-NS increased by 116.1–123.3%, 28.5–34.8%, 66.1–71.9%, and 44.1–53.2%, respectively, compared with the lowest value (F-NU).
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Interactive effects of plant density and nitrogen rate on grain yield, economic benefit, water productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of drip-fertigated maize in northwest China

    Xu X.Liu L.Zhang F.Li Z....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Plant density and nitrogen (N) rate are two important factors affecting maize yield. However, the interacting effects of plant density and nitrogen rate on maize production and water productivity are still poorly understood, especially under drip irrigation conditions. A two-year field experiment was carried out to determine the interactive effects of plant density and N rate on grain yield, economic benefit, water productivity (WP) and nitrogen use efficiency of drip-fertigated spring maize (Zea mays L.) in northwest China. Based on the local plant density of 80,000 plants ha-1 and N rate of 240 kg ha-1, two plant densities (D1: 80,000 plants ha-1, D2: 100,000 plants ha-1) and four N rates (N0: 0, N120: 120 kg ha-1, N180:180 kg ha-1, N240: 240 kg ha-1) were set in 2018, while a higher plant density (D3: 120,000 plants ha-1) was further considered in 2020. The results showed that grain yield, economic benefit, WP and nitrogen use efficiency were significantly affected by plant density, N rate and their interaction (except for economic benefit). Average grain yield increased and then decreased with increasing N rate under D1 and D2 with the maximum values under N180 in both 2018 (12,193 kg ha-1 and 16,650 kg ha-1) and 2020 (11,136 kg ha-1 and 15,093 kg ha-1), while it continued to increase as N rate increased under D3 in 2020. On average, D2 produced significantly higher grain yield than D1 in both 2018 (13,464 kg ha-1 and 10,477 kg ha-1) and 2020 (13,268 kg ha-1 and 9,859 kg ha-1), while grain yield under D2 (13,366 kg ha-1) was significantly higher than that under D3 (12,301 kg ha-1) and D1 (10,168 kg ha-1) in 2020. Similar trends to grain yield were also obtained for economic benefit. Overall, grain yield, economic benefit, WP and N partial factor productivity under D2N180 was significantly increased by 41.6%, 52.6%, 33.8% and 90.4% compared with those under the conventional management practice (D1N240), respectively. Based on the multiple regression and spatial analysis, the optimal ranges of plant density of 95,000～110,000 plants ha-1 and N rate of 185～205 kg ha-1 were able to simultaneously obtain ≥95% of the maximum grain yield, economic benefit and water productivity.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Desalination characteristics and efficiency of high saline soil leached by brackish water and Yellow River water

    Yin C.-Y.Li L.-J.Zhao J.Chen X.-B....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsThe rational development and utilization of saline soils and brackish water resources has aroused great concern in the world. In the present study, the soil column leaching indoor simulation method was conducted to explore the salt migration characteristics in highly saline soil. Both brackish water (2.84 g/L) and Yellow River Water (0.51 g/L) were used for leaching to analyze and compare their corresponding required leaching volume, soil desalination rate, chemical ion composition. The results showed that (1) the required leaching volume of Yellow River water and brackish water were 535–875 mm and 455–1125 mm (depth of soil column is 100 cm), respectively. The desalination time and required leaching volume of brackish water are less than Yellow River water for 0–20 cm layer, while for layers below 20 cm depth, the desalination time and required leaching volume of Yellow River water are less than brackish water. To satisfy the growth of general crops, the required leaching water volume of Yellow River water and brackish water were 472.7 mm and 754.20 mm, respectively (the planned desalination depth is 0–60 cm). (2) The desalination rate of the soil column leached with Yellow River water was 140% higher than brackish water. The soil salinity after leaching with Yellow River water and brackish water was only 21.01% and 31.96% of the initial salinity. Simultaneously, the pH and RSC (residual sodium carbonate) in each layer increased less under brackish water leaching than Yellow River water; while the SAR (sodium adsorption ratio) in the soil column leached with brackish water decreased more than Yellow River water. Therefore, the saline land reclamation with brackish water provides an alternative solution to alleviate freshwater scarcity and guarantee the general crops growth in the Yellow River Delta.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Tracking spatiotemporal dynamics of irrigated croplands in China from 2000 to 2019 through the synergy of remote sensing, statistics, and historical irrigation datasets

    Zhang C.Dong J.Ge Q.Zuo L....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Irrigation is widely implemented in China to enhance grain production and ensure food security. Spatiotemporal information on irrigation is critically important, but the existing global and regional irrigation products have a coarse spatial resolution, low accuracy, and short temporal coverage, which is a knowledge gap to be filled. Generating explicit and accurate information on the spatial and temporal extent of irrigation is essential to underpin and facilitate water resource allocation and management, as well as to understand catchment hydrology, and evaluate irrigation infrastructure investment. We proposed a two-step strategy to map annual irrigated areas at 500 m resolution in China from 2000 to 2019. We first generated initial irrigation maps using MODIS data and statistical data (MIrAD-GI). Then we combined MIrAD-GI, the existing irrigation maps, and land use/cover products with irrigation information, into an improved series of annual irrigation maps (IrriMap_Syn) with constrained statistics. Afterwards, pixel-wise accuracy assessment for IrriMap_Syn was conducted in four representative regions in three years. The resultant irrigation dataset performed well with a mean overall accuracy of 0.89 and a kappa coefficient of 0.82. According to our annual irrigation maps, the total irrigated area in China increased by 24.8%, from 52.8 million ha in 2000–65.9 million ha in 2019, at a rate of 690,000 ha per year. Spatially, irrigated croplands increased substantially in North China, especially in Xinjiang and Heilongjiang. Land reclamation largely contributed to the increase in irrigation in North China. A growing population and improved irrigation infrastructure also promoted the increase in irrigated areas. As the first of its kind in the country, our spatially explicit maps of irrigated croplands advance our understanding of the spatiotemporal pattern of irrigation dynamics in China and are expected to contribute to sustainable water resource management and irrigation strategies in the face of climate change.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Short-term legacy effects of rice season irrigation and fertilization on the soil bacterial community of the subsequent wheat season in a rice-wheat rotation system

    Tian G.Wang Y.Zhou X.Li D....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Soil properties and microbial diversity are markedly enhanced by the long-term effects of organic fertilizers. However, the short-term impacts of inorganic and organic fertilizers vary in different agroecosystems, especially when combined with different irrigation conditions. Here, we examined the influence of different fertilizer types (NPK: mineral fertilizer, NPKM: mineral fertilizer plus organic fertilizer, NPKWS: mineral fertilizer plus straw) combined with different irrigation regimes (AWMID: shallow water layer, AWMOD: alternate wetting and moderate drying, AWSD: alternate wetting and severe drying) on the soil properties and bacterial communities at the wheat harvest stage of a one-year rice-wheat rotation system (RWRS), in the rice zone along the Yellow River of China. Our results revealed that the irrigation mode had a stronger impact on the soil properties, and bacterial community than the fertilizer regime, although most indicators did not differ significantly, probably owing to the short duration of the trial. Several low-abundance bacteria were recognized to be strongly (P < 0.05) influenced by different irrigation and fertilizer regimes in the RWRS using LEfSe analysis, but no definite trends were observed among the treatments. A co-occurrence network uncovered the modular clustering patterns of bacteria, which were significantly correlated with the available phosphorus content and some soil enzyme activities. Moreover, the denitrification, nitrite respiration, and sulfur respiration capacities of soil microbes were significantly improved in the mineral fertilizer combined with the alternate wetting and moderate drying treatment. In addition, the wheat yield did not significantly (P < 0.05) decrease after water-saving irrigation regime during the previous rice season. Further research is warranted to elucidate the long-term effects of partial substitution of chemical nitrogen with organic nitrogen and water-saving irrigation regimes on an RWRS.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier