Souto, Eliana B.Santini, AntonelloDevkota, Hari PrasadUddin, Md Sahab...
16页
查看更多>>摘要：Lycopene intake from tomatoes and other food sources has multiple potential health benefits. This report aimed to evaluate the current research literature on lycopene concerning human and animal health. The electronic Web of Science Core Collection database was searched with (lycopene*)AND (health* OR illness* OR disease* OR medic* OR pharm a* OR drug* OR therap*). The resulted 3972 papers were analyzed with the aid of bibliometric software. Besides the United States, the lycopene papers received global contributions, particularly from China, Italy, India, and Spain. Examples of frequently mentioned chemicals/chemical classes were carotenoid, beta carotene, alpha carotene, beta cryptoxanthin, and alpha tocopherol. Examples of frequently mentioned medical conditions were prostate cancer, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. Published scientific articles reveal the diverse potential of lycopene in prompting human and animal health, and the knowledge on the bioactivities of this photochemical is expected to further grow in the future.
查看更多>>摘要：The experiment described in this study was designed to test the effect of rare variants on the genomic prediction in dairy cattle. Common polymorphisms are capable of explaining only a small proportion of the underlying genetic variation of complex phenotypes. Variants representing functional mutations with large effects on complex phenotypes are expected to be rare due to natural or artificial selection pressure. Therefore, it is important to check whether the use of rare variants could increase the accuracy of ranking of animals by providing a tool for more precise differentiation between bulls with a high additive genetic merit. The goal of our study was to vetify whether including rare variants in a genomic selection model provides a more accurate description of the additive genetic background of traits under selection in dairy cattle. The number of animals used in the analyses varies and depending on the trait it ranged from 77,578 individuals for type trait to 100,650 individuals for somatic cell score. We used the linear mixed model to cum pare estimates of SNP effects for Holstein-Friesian cattle of the two data sets - a set containing only single nucleotide polymorphisms defined by minor allele frequency greater than 1%, which is routinely used in the Polish genomic evaluation system (16,216 SNPs), and a set containing SNPs selected based only on the call rate (54,378 SNPs). Based on the SNP estimates we also calculated Direct Genomic Values (DGV) and Genomically Enhanced Breeding Values (GEBV) and compared them between both data sets. IAII the analyses were conducted for production, fertility, conformation and udder health traits. We also assessed the time required for the two most computationally demanding components of genomic selection, i.e. preparation of genotype data and estimation of SNP effects between those two data sets. The results of our study indicated that the analysis including rare variants resulted in changes in the individual ranking of the top 100 male and female candidates, whereas it had no effect on the outcome of the quality of EBV prediction as expressed by the Interbull validation test.
查看更多>>摘要：The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of variability in selected 11 polymorphic STR markers specific to the red deer (Cerrus elaphus) and their potential use as a tool for identification tests. Biological material was collected from 157 animals during periodic hunting carried out in Poland. Genotyping was conducting using the PCR multiplex method within the range of 11 markers, T115, T501, T156, T193, T108, T107, T172, T507, CSSM19, HAUTI4, and CSSM66, with capillary electrophoresis for product detection. The obtained values of heterozygosity (H-o >0.8), probability of exclusion (PE >0.6), power of discrimination (PD >0.96) and random match probability (RMP <0.06) facilitated assessment of the utility of the marked loci for purposes of identification. Based on die DNA polymorphism in biological material derived from deer, the presented set of 11 markers provides assessment of the degree of inbreeding in the studied animal population, thus combating unfair trade in game and poaching, as well as providing expertise on behalf of the administration of justice.
查看更多>>摘要：Cryopreservation of biological material is critical for programmes of animal conservation and provides insurance for calamities, such as the loss of breeds due to animal diseases. The creation of biological material cryocollections depends on an effective cryopreservation procedure. The treatment of spermatozoa using high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) before the freezing procedure is a technological solution increasing cryopreservation efficiency. Our previous study demonstrated that HHP treatment (Applied Cell Technology, Hungary) with 35 MPa at 21 degrees C for 1.5 h prior to boar semen cryopreservation improves the quality of post-thaw spermatozoa. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fresh boar semen HHP treatment on the post-thaw sperm parameters. Only ejaculates with sperm progressive motility (PM%) below 70% (7 boars, 4-6 ejaculates/boar) were used in the experiment. All ejaculates (control samples without HHP treatment and samples treated with 35 MPa at 21 degrees C for 1.5 h) were cryopreserved using a patented method (no. PL 228192). The results showed that post-thaw sperm motility (TM%) of the HHP-treated sperm was significantly higher (P<0.05; P<0.01) than that of the control sperm (43.0 vs. 37.5%; 58.9 vs. 54.9%, 40.1 vs. 35.5%; and 57.7 vs. 51.0% in boars nos. I, II, IV, and V, respectively). There were no significant differences (P>0.01) in the percentage of sperm displaying DNA fragmentation after cryopreservation between the treated and untreated samples. The analysis of ejaculates from three boars revealed a significantly higher (P<0.05) percentage of viable sperm (YO-PRO-1-/PI-) in the HHP-treated samples than in the control samples (37.2 vs. 32.0%; 40.5 vs. 33.8% and 54.7 vs. 46.6%). Our study demonstrates that the HHP treatment applied in the freezing procedure of boar semen with initial sperm motility below 70% protects spermatozoa against cryodamage. However, the increase in semen tolerance to the cryopreservation procedure is an individual predisposition of specific boars.
查看更多>>摘要：The question we were going to answer was whether the combination of immunocastration and dry or wet diet can help us deepen further the reduction of the boar taint following immunocastration. Immunocastration is an alternative to surgical castration. It has been agreed that its use heightens animal welfare, which is of full consumers' acceptance, though it is not as efficient removing the boar taint as the surgical castration. Evidence exists however, that the level of constituents causing the taint can be moulded by fed diets. The study was conducted on 450 porkers, distributed among 6 sex*diet groups. The first three groups - gilts, surgically and immunocastrated boars - received complete compound dry ration, while the other three were fed fermented liquid diet of similar nutritional value to that offered in the dry diet. The immunocastrated porkers received two doses of synthetic gonadoliberin Improvac (R). Cholesterol parameters, 17 beta-estradiol, testosterone, and androstenone were determined in plasma. Total lipids for the fatty acid analysis and skatole contents were assayed in the longissimus muscle fat, backfat, and perirenal fat. The administration of synthetic gonadoliberin resulted in a substantial decrease of the plasma androgen level compared to that observed in the surgically castrated porkers. This effectively prevented the appearance of a higher concentration of skatole in the tissues. Liquid diet also helped to level off the unfavourable differences regarding boar taint present in dry feeding between surgically castrated and immunocastrated barrows.
查看更多>>摘要：The brown hare is one of the most popular representatives game species in Poland. These animals provide an important part in the food chain for many species of predators. Unfortunately, the brown hare populations have decreased drastically in Poland due to many threats. These animals are currently threatened with extinction, so a protection plans are necessary. Previous analyses of brown hares in Poland based only on mtDNA sequence variability. The aim of this study was to detect genetic diversity and population structure of brown hares in Poland using microsatellite. A total of 140 brown hares were collected from seven different regions in south-eastern Poland and 12 microsatellite loci was analyzed. A total number of 140 alleles were identified. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 (Sol33Le) to 23 (Sol30Le). From the pool of all identified alleles, 41 (29.2%) were unique for given regions. The average expected and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.29 to 0.91 and 0.33 to 1.00, respectively. The highest genetic distance was found between the regions: Lublin and Kielce, while the lowest was detected between Bialobrzegi and Kazimierza \Vielka. The Structure program and unrooted phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the seven population of hare is largely divided into three to two different clades. The results reveal unique genetic variation in hare populations in south-eastern Poland and provide critical information for the conservation of this species.. Our research point to consider the conservation of the brown hare population in Poland and habitat restoration and a net of ecological corridors, which could help the survival and expansion of threatened hare population in Poland.
查看更多>>摘要：The aim of this study was to estimate the effects of asynchrony between embryo development and uterine environment on embryo survival and subsequent foetal development in rabbits. Embryos at 48 and 72 hours post-coitum (p.c.) were transferred into 22 females at 48 h of pseudopregnancy and into 20 females at 72 h of pseudopregnancy. Similar embryonic survival was obtained in synchronous recipients with embryos transferred at 48 h p.c. (0.40) and asynchronous recipients with embryos transferred at 72 h p.c. (0.47). However, embryonic survival was 26% higher in synchronous recipients with embryos transferred at 72 h p.c. compared to asynchronous recipients with em bryos transferred at 48 h p.c. (0.56 vs. 0.30). These findings suggest that em bryos have the ability to wait for the favourable uterine environment for implantation and that a less advanced embryo development into a more advanced uterine environment increases implantation failures. Similar foetal survival rates were found in recipients at 72 h p.c. regardless of the embryo development. Nevertheless, foetal survival was 23% higher in synchronous recipients with embryos transferred at 48 h p.c. than in asynchronous recipients with embryos transferred at 72 h p.c. (0.91 vs. 0.68). Most foetal losses in asynchronous recipients with embryos transferred at 72 h p.c. occurred close to implantation, in comparison to synchronous recipients with embryos transferred at 48 h p.c. (38.1 vs. 12.4%). Blood supply seems to be key in implantation losses and foetal development of asynchronous recipient females with embryos transferred at 72 h p.c. The percentage of dead foetuses with placentas receiving fewer than three blood vessels was higher than those with placentas receiving more than three blood vessels in embryos transferred at 72 h p.c. into asynchronous recipient females than in embryos transferred at 48 h p.c. in synchronous recipient females (69% of dead foetus with <3 vessels vs. 17% with >3 vessels in embryos transferred at 72 h p.c. in asynchronous recipients in comparison to 14% with <3 vessels vs 12% with >3 vessels in embryos transferred at 48 h p.c. into synchronous recipients). In conclusion, a less advanced embryonic development than that of the pseudopregnant uterine horn increases pre- and peri-implantation losses, while a more advanced embryonic development than that of the pseudopregnant uterine horn increases foetal losses as a consequence of lower blood supply in each implanted site.
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