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Applied Soil Ecology
Elsevier Science B.V.
Applied Soil Ecology

Elsevier Science B.V.

0929-1393

Applied Soil Ecology/Journal Applied Soil EcologySCIISTP
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    Impact of long-term nutrient management on sequestration and dynamics of soil organic carbon in a semi-arid tropical Alfisol of India

    Anandakumar S.Chinnadurai C.Karthikeyan S.Balachandar D....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.We aim to determine the effect of long term application of organic and inorganic nutrients on carbon sequestration and related biological attributes of a semi-arid tropical soil under an intensive maize-sunflower cropping system in India. The century-old experimental soil was assessed the impact of nutrient management on carbon sequestration, labile and passive pools of soil organic carbon, and soil biological attributes. The topsoil (0–25 cm) and subsoil (25–50 cm) samples from unfertilized (control), chemical fertilizer applied (IC), organic manure amended (OM), and integrated nutrient management adopted (INM) plots were analyzed for carbon sequestration and dynamics. The INM and OM treatments had a mean annual carbon sequestration rate of 0.18 Mg and 0.14 Mg carbon per ha, respectively. The continuous addition of organic amendment (12.5 t ha?1 year?1 of farmyard manure) with or without chemical fertilizer improved both topsoil and subsoil active carbon pools viz., microbial biomass carbon, labile carbon, water-soluble carbon, particulate carbon fraction, and passive pools like humic acid and fulvic acid significantly compared to synthetic fertilizer and unfertilized treatments. The Fourier-transformed infrared spectra of humic acids extracted from OM and INM treatment soils showed high humification, aromaticity, and redox with complex functional groups than IC and control treatment soils. OM and INM treatments significantly enhanced the abundance of carbon mineralizing gene (chiA) in topsoil and subsoil than IC and control treatments, while the carbon dioxide fixing gene (cbbL) had no apparent change due to nutrient management. Subsequently, the organics amended soils had better biological quality in terms of higher soil enzymes' activity, bacterial abundance, and respiration rate with lower metabolic quotient than chemical fertilized and control soils. The principal component analysis indicated that OM and INM treatment soils were distinctly positioned from IC and control treatment soils and the soil carbon fractions and soil enzymes were the significant factors influencing the nutrient management induced carbon sequestration. The active and passive carbon fractions, dehydrogenase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, alkaline phosphatase, and substrate-induced respiration showed a strong and positive correlation with carbon sequestration of semi-arid tropical soil. Altogether, these findings indicated that the continuous addition of organic amendments would be a valuable practice to improve the soil carbon sequestration and carbon pools, and this practice is essential for the tropical soils with intensive farming to sustain the soil quality and agricultural productivity.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Biochar and biochar-polylactic acid composite enhance biodegradation of hexachlorobenzene in soil by altering microbial community

    Fan J.Guo D.Han L.Zhang C....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.It is of great scientific and practical importance to explore the mechanisms of accelerated degradation of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in soil. However, the response of microbial community composition and structure, and their links to anaerobic reductive dechlorination in paddy soils remains unclear yet. We examined impacts of biochar and biochar-polylactic acid composite addition on the diversity, composition, and structure of soil prokaryotic community and their different contribution to HCB anaerobic dechlorination. The results showed that both biochar and biochar-polylactic acid composite addition could promote HCB dechlorination in paddy soils. Soil prokaryotic community richness and diversity were not significantly impacted by biochar but were remarkably affected by biochar-polylactic acid composite amendment. Random forest analysis and structural equation models indicated that the relative abundance of indicator taxa, soil Eh, and Fe2+ content best explained (p < 0.01) the HCB dechlorination with biochar addition, while soil Eh, Fe2+ content, and microbial diversity were the most important predictors of HCB dechlorination with biochar-polylactic acid composite addition. Together, our findings suggest that biochar amendment promoted anaerobic dechlorination of HCB in paddy soils by increasing the relative abundance of specific bacterial genera, while biochar-polylactic acid composite promoted HCB dechlorination by enhancing microbial community diversity. Therefore, biochar and biochar-polylactic acid composite showed distinct effect on the composition and diversity of soil prokaryotic community and different contribution to HCB dechlorination. Overall, our results suggested that biochar-polylactic acid composite could be used as soil remediation material to efficiently accelerate dechlorination of HCB.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Driving factors for soil fungal and bacterial community assembly in topical forest of China

    Lan G.Yang C.Sun R.Chen B....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Understanding the assembly of soil microbial communities of tropical forest is of great significance for the protection of biodiversity in tropical areas. Many studies have been carried out on biodiversity and its maintenance mechanism in tropical regions. However, the effects of land use and seasonal variation on the assembly of soil fungal and bacterial communities in tropical forests remains unknown. To fill this research gap, 16S rRNA and ITS sequences were used to evaluate the assembly mechanisms of soil bacterial and fungal communities using 260 soil samples collected from tropical rainforest and rubber plantation sites across Hainan Island, South China. A majority (~60%) of observed OTUs conformed with neutral model expectations, indicating that neutral processes were important for the assembly of soil microbial communities. For bacterial communities, the NST (normalized stochasticity ratio) was higher in the tropical rainforest (0.746 in the dry season, 0.684 in the rainy season) versus rubber plantation sites (0.647, 0.584), regardless of season. This indicated rainforest were more stochastic than rubber plantation for soil bacterial community assembly. For fungal communities, rubber plantation communities showed greater stochasticity (NST = 0.578) than rainforest communities (NST = 0.388) in the dry season, but the reverse was true in the rainy season (NST = 0.852 for rubber plantations; NST = 0.978 for rainforest). Both the NST results and structural equation modeling showed that bacterial communities were more stochastic in the dry season, while fungal communities were more stochastic in the rainy season; the effects of seasonal changes on assembly therefore differed between bacterial and fungal communities. More importantly, forest types did not have a direct impact on the assembly of bacterial or fungal communities, but exerted indirect effects via soil pH and soil available potassium.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Screening the habitat function of biochar-amended vineyard soils at field plot-scale, based on invertebrate avoidance behaviour

    Bastos A.C.Verheijen F.G.A.Amaro A.Keizer J.J....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.There is an urge for rapid, cost-effective and ecologically representative tools that inform on possible changes in habitat function of biochar-amended soils, at representative spatial and temporal scales. We employed a battery of invertebrate avoidance behaviour tests to screen and biomonitor a vineyard soil amended with a premium grade mixed-wood chip biochar (applied alone or mixed with compost) at plot–scale, at 4 or 40 t ha?1, over 12 months. The assays combined representative organisms with complementary ecological functions in agroecosystems, i.e. earthworms (Eisenia andrei), collembolans (Folsomia candida) and isopods (Porcellionides pruinosus). In all treatments, soil habitat function was within the recommended limits for the selected invertebrate groups, by the corresponding soil quality guideline or protocol. However, collembolans exhibited significant avoidance behaviour from 6-month aged biochar treatments, coinciding with a strong peak in soil electrical conductivity (EC), suggestive of osmotic stress. Earthworms responded less sensitively than collembolans, with isopods being the least sensitive group to biochar amendments. Further, there was a preference by isopods for freshly-amended soil, whereas earthworms and collembolans preferred 12-month aged biochar amended soil, both of which can be explained, at least partly, by nutrient inputs. Overall, results show that invertebrate avoidance behaviour, based on multiple test groups, can be used to screen and complement site-specific biochar risk assessment strategies, for early decision-making and management. For screening batteries of mixed wood biochars, this study further supports the combined use of collembolans and earthworms, with isopods as a complementary test group.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Legacy effects of nutrient addition reduces and displaces trophic niches in Collembola communities in a Brazilian woodland savanna

    Pompermaier V.T.Nardoto G.B.Potapov A.M.
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Ecosystems worldwide are being subjected to increasing rates of nutrient deposition. Additional nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs and liming are common practices in agroecosystems that have long-term consequences for plant and microbial diversity and community structure during ecosystem restoration. However, legacy effects of nutrient deposition on multitrophic biodiversity and trophic interactions of soil organisms are poorly understood. Collembola is a good model group to study such effects. These small soil invertebrates are intimately linked to plants and microbes, and play an important role in soils by supporting soil fertility and energy channeling to higher trophic levels in soil food webs. Here, we studied the trophic niche structure of epigeic Collembola during a long-term (20 years) nutrient addition experiment in the Central Brazilian savanna (Cerrado), one of the tropical agricultural frontiers. We used descriptive isotopic metrics of Collembola communities based on stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to evaluate the legacy effects of fertilization (with N, P, and N + P additions) and liming on their trophic-niche structure. The strongest trophic niche shifts were observed under N addition, manifested in the form of (i) a reduction in trophic niche width–that is, decreased diversity of consumed basal resources available to the Collembola community–and (ii) in a more even distribution of Collembola taxa in trophic space. Community trophic niche was strongly displaced under P, N + P, and liming additions (i.e., it did not overlap with the control), reflecting intensified trophic links of Collembola to exotic C4 grasses. Overall, our results indicate that increased atmospheric N deposition simplifies the trophic structure of Collembola communities, which may affect the efficiency and pathways of energy channeling in soil food webs and soil functioning. In addition, the observed niche shifts suggests the need for flexibility in feeding by soil animals in savanna to persist under supplemental N + P and liming. Our study is among the first to explore the trophic structure of invertebrates in tropical soils and provides further evidence that nutrient deposition and agricultural fertilization and liming legacy effects have long-term consequences for soil organisms on multiple trophic levels.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Response of cotton root growth and rhizosphere soil bacterial communities to the application of acid compost tea in calcareous soil

    Luo T.Min T.Ru S.Li J....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Acid compost tea (CT) is an acidic liquid organic fertilizer, which can be used for topdressing throughout the period of cotton growth in drip irrigation cotton fields with calcareous soil. However, its effects on soil bacteria and cotton roots are not clear. This study investigated the response of cotton roots and rhizosphere bacteria to CT application. Compared with organic fertilizer, the total root length, surface area, and volume were found to increase by 18.9%, 19.9%, and 20.7% upon CT treatment, respectively. However, the abundance of rhizosphere bacteria decreased upon CT treatment. The relative abundance of bacteria associated with root growth and rhizosphere environmental health, such as Micrococcaceae, Nocardioidaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae, increased significantly, whereas the relative abundance of oligotrophic bacteria, such as Methylmirabilota, decreased. Random forest distribution showed that the cotton root was the main factor affecting rhizosphere bacterial abundance and diversity, while soil properties (pH, total nitrogen, and organic carbon) and roots affect the relative abundance of some species together. The gene expression associated with metabolism, environmental adaptation, and immune system in rhizosphere bacteria increased. In conclusion, CT can improve soil properties and promote the growth of cotton roots, and cotton roots in turn exert regulatory effects to promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere and affect their functions. CT has considerable application potential for the sustainable development of cotton fields with calcareous soil.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Transcriptome analysis reveals decreased accumulation and toxicity of Cd in upland rice inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

    Zhu Q.Xu P.Lei L.Jing Y....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.There have been a few reports on the impacts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the expression of genes associated with the uptake, transport and detoxification of Cd in upland rice, but there is no study on the impacts of AMF on the transcriptome of upland rice grown in Cd-contaminated soil. In the present work, a pot experiment was conducted to study the influences of the AMF-Glomus versiforme (Gv) on the Cd accumulation, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes and transcriptome in upland rice grown in soils supplemented with 10 μg Cd g?1 soil. Gv symbiosis evidently promoted the plant growth, P acquisition and photosynthetic characteristics in upland rice. In addition, 229 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in upland rice root inoculated with Gv, of which 149 DEGs were upregulated and 80 DEGs were downregulated. More importantly, one Cd transporter gene Nramp5 was significantly downregulated, thus reducing Cd absorption, transfer and accumulation in mycorrhizal upland rice. Moreover, four genes in the Gene Ontology (GO) term of cysteine biosynthesis and two metallothionein genes were upregulated, which could have decreased Cd phytotoxicity in upland rice inoculated with Gv. Meanwhile, one peroxidase gene, two genes in the GO term of peroxisome and one gene in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway of carotenoid biosynthesis were significantly upregulated, and enhanced the activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in Gv-inoculated upland rice. Our results of transcriptome analysis initially elucidated the molecular mechanism by which AMF decreased the accumulation and toxicity of Cd in upland rice.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier