首页期刊导航|Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology
期刊信息/Journal information
Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology
Academic Press,
Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology

Academic Press,

0885-5765

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology/Journal Physiological and Molecular Plant PathologySCIISTP
正式出版
收录年代

    Antifungal phytochemicals from the methanol and aqueous extract of Acacia concinna and Lantana camara and synergistic biological control of the Hibiscus mealybug (Maconellicoccus hirsutus)

    Bensy, Asha D., VBiji, G. D.Rajagopal, RajakrishnanKuppusamy, Palaniselvam...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：The antifungal and biological control effects of phytochemicals from the leaves and seeds of Acacia concinna and Lantana camara were analyzed against plant phytofungi and the mealy bug Maconellicoccus hirsutus. The methanol and aqueous extract derived from A. concinna and L. camara inhibited the growth of phytofungi. The methanol extracts showed the broad spectrum antimicrobial properties as they inhibited the mycelial growth of Alternaria alternate K3, Fusarium oxysporum S10, Fusarium solani L16, Aspergillus flavus J12, and Colletotrichum falcatum Went C9. The methanolic extract of A. concinna seed inhibited the growth of A. flavus J12 and the mycelia growth was 10 +/- 2 mm after three days, whereas the leaf extract effectively inhibited mycelia growth (23 +/- 1 mm) after seven days of culture. Minimum inhibitory concentration values of methanolic extract of A. concinna seed was 125 +/- 25 mu g/mL against A. alternate K3, and 100 +/- 0 mu g/mL against F. solani L16. The phenolic content was 479 +/- 13.8 GAE/g dw in A. concinna in seeds while in L. camara seeds it was 548 +/- 20.1 GAE/g dw. The flavonoid content was high in L. camara seed extract (282 +/- 10.1 mg QE/g) than A. concinna seeds (214 +/- 2.49 mg QE/g). The methanolic extract of leaves and seeds showed pesticide activity against mealy bug. The mortality of the adult mealy bugs was maximum after 72 h of treatment. The concentration of L. camara seed extract (0.2%-1.0%) exhibited increased mortality than control. Additionally, L. camara and A. concinna extracts improved activity against mealy bug. Considering these facts, medicinal plants-derived secondary metabolites represent a novel source of various bioactive potentials with synergism against phytopathogenic fungi and insect pests.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Pseudomonas fluorescens VSMKU3054 mediated induced systemic resistance in tomato against Ralstonia solanacearum

    Suresh, P.Shanmugaiah, V.Rajagopal, RajakrishnanMuthusamy, K....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are potential bio agents for the suppression of various soil-borne diseases in crop plants and considered as viable alternative to chemical pesticides. The selected Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate VSMKU3054 is an effective biological control inoculum for the suppression of wilt disease of tomato incited by Ralstonia solanacearum by inducing plant defense enzymes viz., peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), lipoxygenase (LOX), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and total phenol content. The highest level of defense enzymes viz., POX, PAL, PPO, LOX and total phenol contents were observed in tomato seedlings treated with P. fluorescens at 24h, 36h, 36h, 48h and 24h after challenge inoculation of R. solanacearum, respectively. Whereas application of P. fluorescens alone in tomato plants also brought about induction of higher levels of POX, PAL, LOX and total phenol contents, and a moderate level of PPO activity compared to pathogen inoculated plants and control plants. The maximum induction of four prominent PPO isoforms was observed in tomato plants upon the treatment of P. fluorescens VSMKU3054 and challenged with R. solanacearum. Thus, this study showed that induction of defense-related genes by P. fluorescens plays an important role against R. solanacearum.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Susceptibility of different prunus rootstocks to natural infection of plum pox virus-Turkey (PPV-T) in Central Anatolia

    Cinar, Cemile TemurGazel, MonaKaya, KamuranOlmos, Antonio...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Sharka is the most damaging viral disease of Prunus spp. and the causative agent is plum pox virus (PPV). PPV is widespread and poses a serious problem in stone fruit crops in Turkey. A unique strain of PPV has so far been identified in Turkey and called as PPV-Turkey (PPV-T). The aims of the present study were to describe the efficiency of PPV-T transmission via aphids and to identify the susceptibility of different Prunus rootstocks against PPV-T strain under natural inoculum in Kayseri province located Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. This experiment was established in a small residential orchard where PPV-T infected apricot and plum trees were detected. Five different Prunus rootstocks from which 200 individuals were planted in PPV-T infected orchard and experiment was designed in a randomized complete block desing with 10 replications per block. All rootstocks were regularly tested by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR during 2015-2017. The results showed that the most susceptible rootstocks in terms of PPV-T infection were Nemaguard, Myrobalan 29B and Myrobalan 29C with the infection rate of 3.61%, 2.74% and 1.04%, respectively. On the other hand, GF677 and Garnem were never found infected with PPV-T. Aphis gossypii, A. craccivora, A. spiraecola, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Hyalopterus pruni, Myzus persicae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae were detected as most abundant aphid species in experimental plot. In 2015, the highest percentage of viruliferous aphids was found as A. gossypii (100%), followed by B. helichrysi (77.8%), A. spiraecola (55.72%), M. persicae (46.05%) and H. pruni (30.76%) whereas it was 100% for A. gossypii and M. euphorbiae followed by A. spiraecola (76.32%), M. persicae (73.1%), H. pruni (62.06%) and B. helichrysi (61.53%) in 2016 by squash real time RT-PCR. The present study showed that PPV-T was effectively transmitted by different aphid species in natural conditions in Kayseri district. It was concluded that Nemaguard and Myrobalan which were found to be the most sensitive rootstocks to PPV-T should not be preferred by growers as Prunus rootstock where PPV poses a high risk.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Phytopathogenic bacterial and nematicidal activity of extracts and powder of Adhatoda vasica on Meloidogyne incognita

    Benit, N.Kumar, T. S. J.Almaary, Khalid S.Elshikh, Mohamed S....
    7页
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Morphological and molecular characterization of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis causing bacterial canker in tomatoes

    Tripathi, RuchiVishunavat, K.Tewari, Rashmi
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Bacterial canker is one of the emerging diseases of tomatoes caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp michiganensis (Cmm) in the Northern hill region of India. The present investigation was conducted to estimate the presence and spread of Cmm in the newer areas, to isolate and identify the cause of bacterial canker through conventional, serological and molecular diagnostic tools. 25 tomato plant samples along with the infected fruits collected from different tomato growing regions of the Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh were analyzed, and the bacterium was isolated from the seed of the infected tomato fruits. The present study revealed overall mean Cmm incidence of 19.57% and overall disease severity of 16.11% in the Northern hill region of India. The isolated bacterial strains were characterized culturally in semi-selective media (D2ANX and SCM), morphologically (SEM) and molecularly (16S rRNA and pat-1 genes). A total of 10 samples produced yellow colored colonies on D2ANX medium and 9 samples produced grey colored colonies on the SCM medium suggesting them to be of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp michiganensis (Cmm). Amongst the 10 isolates collected three isolates were serologically identified as Cmm through the DAS - ELISA technique. However with PCR reactions we found that only 2 strains out of 10 were of Cmm and the sequence of the most virulent Cmm isolate was submitted at NCBI with the accession number MH321815. These findings suggest that Cmm is present in the tomato seed, which can serve as a potential means of spread of a quarantine pest in the relatively newer areas of Northern hill regions of India.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Biocontrol potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) against Sclerotiorum rolfsii diseases on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

    Farhaoui, AbdelaazizAdadi, AsmaeTahiri, AbdessalemEl Alami, Nabila...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：A total of 49 bacterial isolates were collected from the sugar beet rhizosphere in two regions of Morocco (Kenitra and Meknes). These bacteria were tested for their inhibitory activity against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., the causative pathogen of damping-off and root rot of sugar beet. Ten isolates showed a high ability to inhibit the mycelial growth of the pathogenic fungus in dual culture bioassays. The molecular identification based on 16S ribosomal DNA gene revealed that these isolates belong to the Bacillus genus. In addition, these bacterial isolates have also been characterized in terms of the production of certain antifungal products as well as for their capacities as plant growth-promoting traits. Under greenhouse conditions, sugar beet seeds treated with the each bacterium showed significant reduction in damping-off disease. Plants from treated seeds showed significant increases in both the length of shoots and roots, and the plant fresh and dry weight. Iinterestingly, these selected bacterial isolates displayed high antagonistic activity against S. rolfsii, and significantly reduced the severity and incidence of root rot disease. Therefore, these results highlighted that the soil harbors antagonistic bacteria offering several plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, which can be exploited as a powerful growth promoter and/or biological control agent in sugar beet plants.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Central role of Methyl jasmonate in resistance of wheat against crown and root rot caused by Fusarium culmorum

    Motallebi, ParastooNiknam, VahidEbrahimzadeh, Hassan
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Fusarium crown and root rot pathogen Fusarium culmorum (Fc) is a hemibiotrophic pathogen, with a short biotrophic phase preceding necrotrophic life-style. In this study, for the first time, a comparative proteomic analysis was made in seedling roots of two wheat cultivars Falat (susceptible) and Sumai3 (resistant) subjected to Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) at 2 days post Fc-inoculation (2 dpi) to understand defense responses induced by treatment during the necrotrophic stage. Using a high-resolution 2-D gel, a total of 176 proteins were identified at 48 h after MeJA treatment. Among the 176 matched spots, the expression abundances (vol%) of 30 protein spots were changed more than 2-fold (p < 0.05), and thus were treated as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Most DEPs from both cultivars were assigned to the 4 categories: metabolic process, energy, defense, and cell structure. Along with the increased resistance induced by MeJA during the later stage of infection which leads to decrease in disease index of both cultivars particularly much greater in susceptible cv. Falat, we observed increased accumulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, enolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, lipoxygenase (LOX), ATP synthase, peroxidase and L-ascorbate peroxidase compared to untreated Fc-inoculated control in both cultivars. Moreover, the photosynthesis responsive DEPs like RuBisCO down-regulated, to adjust the metabolic status and reserve energy to confront the pathogen attack. Consequently, the soil application of MeJA could be one of a suitable and healthier solution in integrated management to decease the incidence of Fc-infection by triggering plant defense responses via octadecanoid pathway.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to determine the lignin synthesis pathway involved in the fungal stress response in Panax notoginseng

    Yang, QianLi, JianbinSun, JialingCui, Xiuming...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Plants are constantly threatened by various pathogens in challenging environments. Alternaria panax Whetzel is a destructive pathogen that affects many plants, including Panax notoginseng, and significantly reduces the yield and product quality of P. notoginseng. However, there are few studies on the response of P. notoginseng to the oxidative stress caused by A. panax infection. By exploiting the advantages of advanced transcriptomic and proteomic technologies, we studied the response of P. notoginseng to A. panax stress. Fungal infection caused significant changes in the P. notoginseng transcriptome and proteome relative to the control. We found many candidate transcripts/proteins that may be involved in lignin synthesis during the activation of oxidative stress in P. notoginseng. The expression of many genes and proteins was induced or inhibited by the fungus, for example, the expression levels of the PAL, 4CL, COMT, CAD and POX genes in the lignin synthesis pathway increased significantly after fungal inoculation. In addition, the levels of the products of the lignin synthesis pathway increased significantly after A. panax inoculation. This indicates that the fungus activates the oxidative stress response in P. notoginseng.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Comparative transcriptome analysis of the Eureka lemon in response to Citrus yellow vein virus infection at different temperatures

    Wang, YingLiao, PingZhao, Jin faZhang, Xing kai...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：The production of Eureka lemons (Citrus limon) is severely affected by Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV). The symptoms induced by CYVCV in Eureka lemons can be reduced at high temperatures. To better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in Eureka lemon responses to CYVCV at high temperatures, chlorophyll content, protective enzyme activities, and chloroplast ultramicrostructure were analyzed in Eureka lemons infected with CYVCV and grown at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Chlorophyll content, activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) activity were significantly higher in CYVCV-infected lemons grown at 37 degrees C than at 25 degrees C. Leaf transcriptomics were also investigated in CYVCV-infected and mock-inoculated Eureka lemons grown at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Functional analysis indicated that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including resistance-related genes (AGO4, PAL), chlorophyll degradation-related genes (CHL-1, CHL-2), antioxidant enzymes (APX2), and Transcription Factors (TFs) (MYB1R1/s3/12/14/48/111) might have been associated with the reduction in symptoms of CYVCV-infected Eureka lemons grown at higher temperature. This evidence contributes to a theoretical foundation for further study into the molecular basis underlying the interaction between Eureka lemons and CYVCV at high temperatures.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A epsB mutant of Ralstonia solanacearum as novel biocontrol agent of tobacco bacterial wilt via activating salicylic acid signalling

    Li, ShiliYang, LiangRan, YuaoDing, Wei...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) is the most important virulence factor of R. solanacearum and promotes rapid systemic colonization and induces plant wilting symptoms. In this study, biological control mechanism and effect of EPS biosynthesis genes mutants (AepsB, AepsC and AwecC) on bacterial wilt were evaluated. The expression level of virulence-associated genes, such as xpsR, epsE, vsrB, vsrC and phcA, were significantly decreased in the Aeps strains. Furthermore, application of AepsB strain was observed to delay the development of wilt progress for two days and the WT population in rhizosphere soil was significantly reduced by 46.77-fold after AepsB strain treatment. If the AepsB was applied earlier than WT population, the control efficiencies of AepsB were 84.67%, 72.74%, 60.68%, 56.38% and 53.29% at 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 d after inoculation, respectively. What 's more, the AepsB mutant significantly induced the expression of plant defence associated genes involved in salicylic acid pathway, but did not affect the expression of genes associated with the jasmonic acid and ethylene pathways. Compared with plant inoculated with WT treatment, the expression of PR1a/c, PR2 and NPR1 was induced 4.5fold, 6.9-fold and 2.2-fold, respectively, in the plant colonized by AepsB mutant. Meanwhile, application of AepsB strain in tobacco rhizosphere significantly induced the accumulation of salicylic acid, with increases of 1.58-fold compared with the control. Taken together, the results suggested that the AepsB mutant suppressed bacterial wilt disease by activating salicylic acid signalling and has the potential to be used as biocontrol agents for controlling bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier