首页期刊导航|Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology
期刊信息/Journal information
Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology
Academic Press,
Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology

Academic Press,

0885-5765

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology/Journal Physiological and Molecular Plant PathologySCIISTP
正式出版
收录年代

    Efficacy of authentic bio-nematicides against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica infecting tomato under greenhouse conditions

    Laasli S.-E.Mokrini F.Mimouni A.Lahlali R....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThe root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne javanica is considered one of the most widely distributed and economically damaging plant-parasitic nematodes worldwide. Given the exacerbation of the environmental pollution problem with chemical nematicides, the use of biological nematicides is one of the most acceptable alternative methods in nematode management by the farming community. Four bio-nematicides namely: NT (Steinernema feltiae), MM (Ascophyllum nodosum and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), GA sol+ (A. nodosum, B. amyloliquefaciens, and Trichoderma harzianum), and Ortie-Prele (aqueous extract of nettle and horsetail (Equisetum arvense)) were evaluated for their efficacy against M. javanica infecting tomato plants under greenhouse conditions. Their efficiencies were compared to a positive control and NemGuard Granules (garlic granule extract) as a standard nematicide. Treatment effects on the growth parameters were also examined. All tested treatments gave high nematicidal effect, except for the Ortie-Prele. The highest reductions in root galling (63%), as well as the number of egg masses (98%), eggs (96%), second-stage juveniles (J2s) (93%), and the reproduction factor (RF = 2.36) were obtained by the NT treatment, which was superior to the efficacy of the standard nematicide 52.63%, 91.58%, 88.30%, and 92.07%, respectively. The Ortie-Prele treatment gave the lowest reduction for the previous nematode criteria 0%, 53.96%, 12.39%, and 11.84%, respectively. On the other hand, all treatments, significantly improved tomato growth parameters; plant length, shoot fresh weight and, root systems when compared to the standard nematicide (Nemguard Granules), and the positive control. The highest increase in shoot length (30.90%), root length (58.13%) and shoot weight (30.98%) were obtained by GA sol+, while Ortie-Prele recorded the highest increase in root weight systems (91.89%). Therefore, our results indicated that NT, MM, and GA sol + proved to be crucial components for an integrated management of M. javanica in tomato crops.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Molecular characterization of the phytopathogen C. theae (Petch) – Causative of birds eye spot infection in Camellia sinensis host through DNA polymorphism and proteome analysis

    Gnanamangai B.M.Philip Robinson J.Ponmurugan P.AL-mekhlafi F.A....
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThe pathogenic fungus Cercospora infecting plants causes high degree symptomatic disease in several important crops including tea (Camellia sinensis). Genetic diversity studies on plant pathogens are essential to tackle plant diseases, hence in the proposed study, Cercospora theae isolated from different regions was characterized using the molecular tool like RFLP of the rDNA regions amplified using ITS primers. Protein profiling for all the isolates was also done by optimizing the protein extraction using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), urea and Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) protocols. Genetic relatedness with the identical size of molecular weight among the three C. theae isolates of different regions was studied from the 5.8S rDNA-ITS amplified regions. Digestion of the amplified regions with seven specific endonucleases exposed the same banding pattern among the isolates. The sequence data from the three isolates showed maximum homology with the Genbank sequence of Cercospora spp. (HQ450006, JQ754039, JQ753964, JN942274, JN942272, FJ460222 and EU581822). Further, an optimized protocol for protein profiling of C. theae was determined to extract the majority of the proteins. The results also revealed that the most suitable protocol for studying the proteomics of C. theae was the SDS extraction method.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Validation and molecular analysis of β-1,3-GLU2 SNP marker associated with resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in mango (Mangifera indica L.)

    Felipe J.E.L.Lachica J.A.P.Dela Cueva F.M.Alcasid C.E....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdAnthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is one of the most destructive diseases of mango worldwide. Breeding for genetic resistance to anthracnose is necessary to improve the yield and fruit quality of mango. Here, we identified and analyzed the molecular basis of a SNP within the pathogenesis-related β-1,3-glucanase 2 (β-1,3-GLU2) gene putatively linked with resistance to anthracnose. This SNP designated ‘21881933’ causes a missense mutation (I196V) in the highly conserved glycosyl hydrolase family 17 (GH17) domain—a structural unit involved in physiologically important processes in plants, notably in response to biotic and abiotic stresses, activation of phytohormones, lignification, and cell wall remodeling. Structural analysis suggested that the I196V mutation results in unfavorable conformational changes in the enzyme's (β/α)8 TIM-barrel motif and catalytic groove. In phenotyping and AS-PCR assays, we found that the two alleles of SNP 21881933 are significantly correlated to anthracnose resistance. Mango genotypes with the β-1,3-GLU2 allele ‘G’ showed significantly higher disease severity post-inoculation while those with β-1,3-GLU2 allele ‘A’ showed phenotypic resistance to the disease. These results indicate that β-1,3-GLU2 is involved in the primary defense response of mango against C. gloeosporioides and that SNP 21881933 enhances the activities of β-1,3-glucanases. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the molecular basis of anthracnose resistance in mango involving β-1,3-glucanases. Furthermore, we developed a marker that can discriminate β-1,3-GLU2 SNP alleles using a simple and cost-effective allele-specific PCR assay. Our findings support the utilization of this marker for marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genotyping of resistant mangoes as early as the seedling stage. This will help improve mango breeding efficiency and significantly reduce the expenses in field inputs, maintenance, and evaluation of material over the years.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Defense responses and oxidative metabolism of glyphosate-resistant soybean plants infected by Phakopsora pachyrhizi modulated by glyphosate and nickel

    Einhardt A.M.Oliveira L.M.Ferreira S.Rodrigues F.A....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdAmong the many factors affecting soybean resistance against Asian soybean rust (ASR), the nutritional status of plants plays a pivotal role. Even though the beneficial effects of nickel (Ni) and glyphosate (Gl) on ASR control have been reported, the mechanism(s) involved in disease control promoted by Gl or its combination with Ni remains to be elucidated. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of Ni, Gl, and their combination on both defense mechanisms and antioxidative metabolism of soybean plants from a Gl-resistant cultivar infected by Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Severity of ASR was significantly reduced by 37, 68, and 77%, respectively, for Ni, Gl, and Ni + Gl sprayed plants compared to water-sprayed plants (control treatment). Infected and water-sprayed plants showed earlier and higher levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde than plants sprayed with Ni or Gl. The antioxidative metabolism of infected plants from control, Ni, Gl, and Ni + Gl treatments was not affected. For inoculated plants sprayed with Ni or Gl, β-1,3-glucanase (GLU) activity and phenolics level were greater. Additionally, Ni-sprayed and infected plants showed greater phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and earlier lignin production than water-sprayed and infected plants. Polyphenoloxidase activity was higher at 5 days after inoculation for Gl-sprayed plants regardless of P. pachyrhizi infection. The findings of this study shed light on an intrinsic interplay between Ni and Gl to decrease ASR symptoms, but changes in host defense responses were barely potentiated by Gl. Independent of Gl, Ni reduced ASR symptoms due to modulation of soybean defense mechanisms (higher GLU and PAL activities and great production of phenolics and lignin) against ASR.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Ozone controls potato dry rot development and diacetoxyscirpenol accumulation by targeting the cell membrane and affecting the growth of Fusarium sulphureus

    Liu Q.Xue H.Li L.Zhang Q....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021Fusarium sulphureum is a major plant pathogenic fungus that can cause dry rot of potato. Ozone, a strong oxidant, is generally regarded as a safe (GRAS) substance to widely use to manage postharvest decay in fruit and vegetables. The effect of ozone treatment on the mycelia growth, spore germination, cell membrane integrity and morphological and ultrastructural alteration, as well as intracellular reactive species oxygen (ROS) generation of F. sulphureum in vitro, and dry rot development and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) in vivo was conducted. Results demonstrated 2 mg L?1 ozone treatment effectively inhibited mycelia growth and spore germination, disturbed the cell membrane integrity of F. sulphureum in vitro due to intracellular ROS production, moreover, ozone lead to morphological alteration such as obvious shriveled and sunken on the surface, even some broken fragment was observed; transmission electron microscopy observation suggested some organelles such as, cytoplasm mitochondria and cell wall were suffered serious destruction. The inhibitory efficacy on F. sulphureum spore, as a consequently, lead to the suppressing the dry rot and DAS accumulation in vivo.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    In silico investigation of symptom development model based on coat protein interactions of two cucumber mosaic virus strains

    Akbarimotlagh M.Shams-bakhsh M.Arab S.S.Palukaitis P....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) causes serious diseases in agricultural crops worldwide, predominantly in vegetable and ornamental plants. A critical interaction has been reported between the plant Ferredoxin I (Fd I) protein with the coat protein (CP) of the M strain of CMV (M-CMV) but not by the CP of the Q strain of CMV (Q-CMV). To ascertain the most likely symptom development model based on CMV CP interacting with the plant Fd I protein, further in silico investigation was performed on the CPs of the strains Q-CMV and M-CMV. The biological assembly of the CMV CP in virions is composed of hexameric and pentameric units. The results showed that there were significantly different interactions between pentameric and hexameric forms of M and Q-CMV CPs with Fd I. Pentameric structural forms of M-CMV CP interact strongly with Fd I compared to pentameric structures of Q-CMV CP, while there were no significant differences in the affinities of hexameric structures for Fd I between M and Q-CMV CPs. it can be deduced that probably pentameric structures of M-CMV CP block activation of plant Fd I protein. Therefore, it could be hypothesized that trapping Fd I in the complex of pentameric structures can lead to inhibition of the activity of plant Fd I in the photosynthetic electron transport chain leading the severe symptom development seen in M-CMV infected plants but not in Q-CMV infected plants. It seems likely that any factor that inhibits the interaction of CMV CPs with plant Fd I can prevent this symptom development.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Intensification of supercritical fluid in the extraction of flavonoids: A comprehensive review

    Vinitha U.G.Muthuraman M.S.Sathasivam R.Park S.U....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The utilization of highly toxic, expensive, and eco-unfriendly organic solvents for the extraction process has been replaced by carbon dioxide (CO2) in its supercritical state. The most significant advantage of supercritical CO2 extraction is after the extraction process there was no trace amount of solvent present in extracted compounds since the residual CO2 can be easily depressurized and vented. Supercritical CO2 attracts interest because of its high compressibility, non-toxic, non-flammable, and physiological compatibility. This insight is a compilation of research works related to flavonoids extraction using a supercritical fluid. The significant parameters that affect the extraction process are temperature, pressure, solvent flow rate, and extraction time. These are the adjustable parameters that were optimized predominantly to improve the yield of the flavonoids extraction. The density of supercritical CO2 is attained by tuning temperature and pressure. The addition of co-solvents enhances the extraction of polar compounds. The residence time of CO2 in the extractor should be sufficient such that the solute reaches the saturation conditions in the fluid phase. This review article will give immense knowledge on the insights about the parameter that needs to be determined to scale up the extraction process.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Impact of Sclerospora graminicola infection on physiological mechanisms and hormonal regulation of floral reversion in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br]

    Kaur N.Bhardwaj R.Bala Sharma A.Murria S....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The present study was undertaken to assess the impact of Sclerospora graminicola infection on the physiological and developmental changes in pearl millet. Disease progression of biotrophic pathogen Sclerospora graminicola causing downy mildew was determined to alter the anatomical, biochemical and photosynthetic characteristics of the flag leaf. The defense mechanism was initiated by the host plant in response to S. graminicola infection. The plugging of stomatal pores and vascular bundles with an increase in trichome density was observed post infection. The infection caused an increase in internal CO2 concentration, decrease in net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the flag leaf. The disease infection reduced the total soluble sugar content of the host plant, whereas increased the starch and the total phenolic content. The increase in starch content in the downy mildew infected leaves might have imparted feedback inhibition leading to reduced photosynthetic activity. The leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) content and enzymatic antioxidants viz. peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) oxidase increased post infection. Hence, this imbalance in flag leaf metabolic activity affected the developing panicle and induced developmental alterations which redirected floral development and fate of the meristem. An increase in tiller number was possibly due to the release of apical dominance caused by fungal infection which regulated the endogenous auxin content to a three fold increase. Floral reversion due to the pathogen infection suggests that there was transport of auxin from the developing axillary buds that might have led to malformed ear proliferation. The information on carbon assimilation and hormone imbalance causing floral reversion in pearl millet by downy mildew pathogen can aid in management practices aimed at reducing the disease impact on the crop.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Host delivered-RNAi of effector genes for imparting resistance against root-knot and cyst nematodes in plants

    Joshi I.Pal A.Jain P.K.Chaudhury A....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdPlant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are a major threat to crop production worldwide, with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and cyst nematodes (Globodera spp.) being the most devastating and widespread. They induce drastic changes in plant cells, leading to the development of specialized feeding cells essential for nematode growth, development and reproduction. PPNs secrete certain effector proteins from their esophageal glands which play crucial role in establishing the host-parasite relationship and are involved in both early and later stages of nematode parasitism. The conventional strategies for controlling these harmful nematodes have several limitations including environmental issues associated with the use of nematicides and only few natural resistance genes against PPNs in different crops. Of late, RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as one of the most promising strategy for managing PPNs. The host-mediated RNAi approach, targeting nematode genes, involves both plants and nematode RNAi machinery and is the most promising approach for development of nematode resistance in plants. So far, the suppression of effector or secretory class of proteins has resulted in highest rate of reduction in nematode infection, thereby making this class of genes as the most effective targets for RNAi based strategy. In this review we highlight the success stories of host-mediated RNAi approach by use of effector proteins, as the most favorable targets, for development of resistance against root-knot nematodes and cyst nematodes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Microscopic and LF-RPA assay approaches to the detection of the fungal peanut pathogen Cercospora arachidicola

    Lin Y.Liu X.Xie J.Pei X....
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdPeanut brown spot, caused by the fungus Cercospora arachidicola, represents a serious threat to global peanut production and is associated food security. The mechanisms whereby this fungus can penetrate the epidermis of infected plants, however, remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that C. arachidicola is able to enter pores and extend hyphae into leaves, thereby infecting peanut plants. Developing a tool that is well-suited to diagnose peanut brown spot in its early stages is vital to manage this disease effectively in the field. To that end, we combined a simplified DNA extraction method with a newly developed lateral flow strip-based recombinase polymerase amplification (LF-RPA) assay in order to facilitate the rapid and equipment-free detection of C. arachidicola. This assay recognizes highly conserved internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences associated with this pathogen and functions across a wide temperature range (25–45 °C). This approach positively identified all 12 tested C. arachidicola, without any cross-reactivity with other tested Cercospora species or fungal species. It was also able to detect DNA concentrations as low as 10?4 ng, making it 10 times more sensitive than traditional PCR-based approaches. By utilizing this LF-RPA assay in combination with a simplified PEG-NaOH-based approach to extracting DNA from plant samples, we were able to execute the entire protocol in just 30 min without the need for special equipment, thus allowing us to detect C. arachidicola in artificially infected peanut plants. The LF-RPA assay established herein is simple, rapid, and cost-effective, and is potentially amenable to further development as a diagnostic kit for the diagnosis of peanut brown spot in resource-limited settings or the field.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier