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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Postharvest storage at near-freezing temperature maintained the quality and antioxidant properties of Prunus domestica L. cv. Ximei fruit

    Ma, YanyanZhang, WeidaCheng, ShaoboLiu, Yuxing...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：P. domestica fruit are highly perishable due to its intense metabolic activity. To increase the storage time while preserving the quality, the effects of postharvest storage at near-freezing temperature (NFTS) (-1 to -1.5 degrees C) on the physiological indexes and antioxidant enzyme activities of P. domestica fruit were investigated. The results showed that the weight loss rate (4.04 %), soluble solid content (1.08 %), color difference (18.27 %), respiration rate (23.90 %), anthocyanin content (41.13 %), malondialdehyde content (5.39 %), hydrogen peroxide content (13.32 %), and superoxide anion activity (13.97 %) of P. domestica fruit in the NFTS group were reduced, but the firmness (4.95 %), ascorbic acid content (31.71 %), total phenol content (2.54 %), and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, 4.67 %), catalase (CAT, 168.92 %), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, 127.17 %), and peroxidase (POD, 34.54 %) were increased, compared with the room temperature (25 degrees C) group. Therefore, NFTS could effectively preserve the quality of harvested P. domestica fruit, improve the antioxidant properties, and delay the senescence. This study proposed that NFTS could be used as a promising storage technique to reduce postharvest oxidative stress.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Ammonium gluconate, an innovative seed-soaking agent from waste potatoes

    Chen, BingcuiJin, XianweiMeng, WuDing, Feng...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Fresh potatoes are one of the commodities with the highest wastage rates. A green, sustainable, and productive technology for the enzymatic generations of ammonium gluconate from potatoes was developed. The process comprised simultaneous alpha-amylase and glucoamylase treatment and fermentation to produce glucose. The final glucose yields after 40 h were around 90 g/L. The glucose was then converted to ammonium gluconate by fermentation for 36 h. Analysis of the ammonium gluconate showed a carbon content of 33.73%, a nitrogen content of 6.585%, and a sulfur content of 0.091%. The ammonium gluconate softened seed coats, increasing both water uptake and germination. It also enhanced the activity of alpha-amylase which loosened the seed endosperm cells and hydrolyzed their amyloplast. Ammonium gluconate also increased the number of dividing cells, thereby increasing the length of the apical meristematic zone, which, in turn, promoted the elongation and growth of roots. In conclusion, ammonium gluconate produced by waste potatoes can be used as a good seedsoaking agent or seed coating, which has the potential for widespread agricultural application.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The FvemiR167b-FveARF6 module increases the number of roots and leaves in woodland strawberry

    Wang, Shao-XiTang, Xiao-GuangDong, Xiang-XiangLi, He...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Roots and leaves are both important organs of the plant and central to the life strategy, which are crucial for plant survival and perform a wide range of functions. However, the mechanism of miR167 and its target gene, auxin response factor6 (ARF6), regulating the development of roots and leaves for strawberry, has not yet been characterized. In this study, miR167b precursor and FveARF6 were isolated from the woodland strawberry 'Ruegen' (Fragaria vesca), and RLM-5 ' RACE showed that FveARF6 transcript is cleavage target of FvemiR167b. Both FvemiR167b and its target gene expressed in different organs of strawberry, and the expression of FveARF6 could be induced by IAA. Overexpressing-FvemiR167b and RNAi-FveARF6 transgenic lines both exhibited an increase in the number of roots and leaves of strawberry. Transactivation analysis showed that FveARF6 presented transcriptional activation activity in yeast. Gene expression analysis indicated that the transcript levels of the strawberry GH3 family also declined in RNAi-ARF6 transgenic plants compared with the wild-type controls. The GH3 family promoter sequences of strawberry had at least one AuxRE element. Taken together, our results reveal that FvemiR167b represses the expression of FveARF6 gene to cause the roots and leaves of strawberry to grow in number, which can likely further regulate the growth of the plant by GH3 family. This will help us understand the molecular mechanism of miR167-ARF6 module in woodland strawberry.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Studies on mode of gene action for fruit quality characteristics governing shelf life in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

    Pavan, M. P.Gangaprasad, S.
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Extending the shelf life of tomatoes is very essential for the reduction of great losses in quality and quantity. Knowledge of genetic architecture of the shelf life contributing traits and their inheritance pattern in different genetic backgrounds is a key issue for the development of high yielding and good shelf life cultivars. An investigation was undertaken to estimate the nature and magnitude of gene action for 18 fruit quality and yield traits governing shelf life through six generations (P-1, P-2, F-1, F-2, B-1, and B-2) mean analysis in the F-1, Arka Vikas x Red ball cross. Inadequacy of additive-dominance model in explaining the inheritance of fruit quality traits governing shelf life revealed the significance of joint-scaling test and presence of epistasis. The dominance x dominance interaction was larger than the additive x additive and additive x dominance effects and the dominance component was greater than the additive component. Duplicate epistasis played a greater role than complementary epistasis. Shelf life and its contributing traits such as TSS, lycopene, titratable acidity, pH, ascorbic acid, fruit diameter, fruit firmness, locule number, and yield per plant are controlled by dominant genes with duplicate epistasis. Simple selection procedure in the early segregating generation for shelf life and its contributing traits is ineffective in improving genetic gain as dominance and dominance x dominance gene effects are non-fixable. The additive and dominance components successfully are exploited in the advanced segregating population by evaluating a large number of families. One to two cycles of bi-parental mating followed by intensive selection lead to dissipation of dominance and enhance the frequency of genes with increasing effects on the expression of fruit quality traits governing shelf life. Both additive and dominance with a predominance of dominance effects of genes are important in the inheritance of fruit quality traits governing shelf life.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Mycorrhizal fungus Coprinellus disseminatus influences seed germination of the terrestrial orchid Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino

    Gao, YanyanPeng, SijingHang, YeXie, Guofang...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Symbiotic fungi are required to provide nutrients for orchid seed germination and seedling development, underpinning the long-term conservation and reintroduction of species. Cremastra appendiculata is a terrestrial orchid whose asymbiotic seed germination has been studied to some extent, but the role of symbiotic fungi in seed germination is still unclear. We isolated a number of strains of mycorrhizal fungi from the roots of C. appendiculata and used them for in vitro experiments to investigate the role of mycorrhizal fungi in seed germination and seedling establishment. Molecular analysis showed that the seven isolated strains belonged to the genera Candida (DJF-01), Mucor (DJF-06), Coprinellus (DJF-10), Gongronella (DJF-11), Barnettozyma (DJF13), Penicillium (DJF-15), and Trichoderma (DJF-17). The isolated strain Coprinellus disseminatus DJF-10 was chosen for further experiments because it formed pelotons inside protocorms and promoted seed germination (up to 71.61 +/- 0.92% seeds germinated) after 30 days co-cultivation; moreover, some protocorms grew up to seedlings with one leaf and roots after about 6 months. This is the first report that C. disseminatus can promote seed germination and seedling development of C. appendiculata; these findings provide new knowledge to support species conservation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Exogenous carbon promotes plantlet growth by inducing ethylene signaling in grapevine

    Wang, HanZhao, XinWang, YingLi, Wen-Fang...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Exogenous carbon not only provides energy for plant growth, but also regulates plant growth and development as signal molecules. The objective of this work was to investigate how exogenous carbon regulating plant growth and development. 'Pinot Noir' grape (Vitis vinifera L.) plantlet cultured with CO2 as follows: current atmospheric CO2 and eCO(2) (1000 mu mol.mol(-1)). Four kinds of blocks were used for treatments, no sucrose under atmospheric CO2, 2% sucrose under atmospheric CO2, no sucrose under eCO(2) and with 2% sucrose under eCO(2) were designated as CK, S1, C0 and Cs, respectively. The results showed that the leaf area, plantlet height and shoot fresh weight of S1, C0 and Cs were significantly increased compared with that of CK. Besides, after transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, 70 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 65 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified with pooled data for Cs, C0 and S1 compared with CK, which effected by exogenous carbon. Among which, 8 DEGs, including ERF5 (LOC100244353, LOC100247763, LOC100254616 and LOC100261260), ERF105 (LOC100249507 and LOC100259725), ERF2 (LOC100254640) and CTr (CTr7), as well as 2 DEPs, including S-adenosylmethionine synthase 5 (SAM synthase 5; XP_002280106.1) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase 2 (ACC oxidase 2; NP_001267871.1), related to ethylene signaling process were identified. The results suggested that exogenous carbon could affect ethylene biosynthesis by ACC oxidase 2 catalyzing the production of ACC. Additionally, the up-regulated expression of CTr7 and ERF5 maybe regulate other genes to affect the ethylene signaling pathway. Therefore, we speculate that exogenous carbon may regulate plant growth through ethylene signaling pathways.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Characterization of self-incompatibility and expression profiles of CsMCU2 related to pollination in different varieties of tea plants

    Zhao, Yu-XinZhao, ZhenChen, Chang-SongYu, Ying...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Tea plant is confronted with several limitations, such as self-incompatibility, which poses a great challenge to tea breeding. In this study, this physiological response and molecular insights of incompatibility reaction in selfpollinated and cross-pollinated pistils of tea plant were analyzed to explore the factors involved in incompatible reaction. Aniline blue staining analysis revealed no significant difference in pollen germination, and pollen tubes reached the base of the style at 48 h after self- and cross-pollination, thus, ovary is a critical location involving incompatible reaction. Transcribe data of self- and reciprocal cross-pollinated pistils showed that CsMCU2 (mitochondrial calcium uniporter protein 2 in C. sinensis) may be a gene related to incompatible process of tea plants. Gene expression profiles showed that the expression levels of CsMCU2 were tissue-specific, and may be related to incompatible reaction in tea plants. The patterns of variability of endogenous hormones contents in styles and ovaries varied with type of pollination and tea plant, indicating that incompatible reactions may have different regulatory mechanism in tea plants. This study provides reference for further study on incompatible response in tea plants.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Fruit quality and defect image classification with conditional GAN data augmentation

    Bird, Jordan J.Barnes, Chloe M.Manso, Luis J.Ekart, Aniko...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Contemporary Artificial Intelligence technologies allow for the employment of Computer Vision to discern good crops from bad, providing a step in the pipeline of selecting healthy fruit from undesirable fruit, such as those which are mouldy or damaged. State-of-the-art works in the field report high accuracy results on small datasets (<1000 images), which are not representative of the population regarding real-world usage. The goals of this study are to further enable real-world usage by improving generalisation with data augmentation as well as to reduce overfitting and energy usage through model pruning. In this work, we suggest a machine learning pipeline that combines the ideas of fine-tuning, transfer learning, and generative model-based training data augmentation towards improving fruit quality image classification. A linear network topology search is performed to tune a VGG16 lemon quality classification model using a publicly-available dataset of 2690 images. We find that appending a 4096 neuron fully connected layer to the convolutional layers leads to an image classification ac-curacy of 83.77%. We then train a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network on the training data for 2000 epochs, and it learns to generate relatively realistic images. Grad-CAM analysis of the model trained on real photographs shows that the synthetic images can exhibit classifiable characteristics such as shape, mould, and gangrene. A higher image classification accuracy of 88.75% is then attained by augmenting the training with synthetic images, arguing that Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks have the ability to produce new data to alleviate issues of data scarcity. Finally, model pruning is performed via polynomial decay, where we find that the Conditional GAN-augmented classification network can retain 81.16% classification accuracy when com-pressed to 50% of its original size.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effect of the combination of hydrothermal and atmospheric treatment on the quality and shelf life of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) minimally processed

    Ruiz, H.Amoros, A.Escalona, V
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：The tomato minimally processed (MP) is a value-added alternative for whole fruits into the market. However, this type of product has a short shelf life. It is considered that the application of heat treatment and the modification of the atmosphere prolong the shelf life of MP vegetables. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application of heat treatment (HT) by immersion in water at 10, 40 and 55 degrees C before cutting, combined with atmospheres of 5% O2 + 5 and 10% CO2 and air as control, on sensory, microbial, functional parameters for 12 days at 5 degrees C. For 5 min, fruit were immersed into water at different temperatures, 24 h before cutting. Later the fruit was cut in slices and placed in plastic trays and stored under different atmospheres. In both trials weight loss, color, firmness, soluble solids, titratable acidity, total phenols, antioxidant capacity, ethylene production, respiratory activity, microbial counts and sensory parameters were evaluated. The results showed that HT at 55 degrees C and a storage in 5% O2 + 10% CO2 decreased respiratory activity, ethylene production and firmness losses. On the contrary, total phenols and antioxidant capacity increased in the first 3 days of storage. Slices treated with HT at 10 degrees C and stored in air atmosphere showed the lowest visual appearance and texture and the highest translucency scores. Slices stored in atmospheres of 5% O2 and 10% CO2 had the lowest mesophilic bacteria, psychrophilic bacteria, enterobacteria, mold and yeast counts for 9 days at 5 degrees C. Therefore, high HT temperature of 55 degrees C used with 5% O2 and 10% CO2 keep the tomato slices in good condition for 9 days.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Mobilization of organic nitrogen and phosphorus and reduction of synthetic fertilizer usage by Ceriporia lacerata HG2011 in pepper cultivation

    Yin, JieYuan, LingSui, ZongmingHuang, Jianguo...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Overuse of synthetic fertilizers leads to soil deterioration, environmental pollution, and poor crop quality. To seek microbes that are effective in mobilizing nutrients accumulated in soils is of utmost significance to reduce fertilizer use and increase fertilizer efficiencies. Thus, the mobilization of organic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) by a wood-rot fungus Ceriporia lacerata HG2011 and pepper performances in response to this fungus were investigated in the laboratory and field. The results showed that C. lacerata HG2011 grew well and produced extracellular protease and phosphatase to convert peptone into free amino acid and NH4+-N, and lecithin into soluble inorganic P in liquid culture. Similarly, NH4+-N, water soluble P and Olsen P were increased by the release of protease and phosphatase as the fungus grew on and in the sterile soil. Compared with only synthetic fertilizer treatment, pepper nutrient uptake (including N, P, and K), nutrient agronomic efficiency, and fruit yield and quality were improved by the application of synthetic fertilizers plus C. lacerata HG2011 and remained unchanged in the treatment of reduced synthetic fertilizers plus C. lacerata HG2011. The field soil that received this fungus showed the higher activities of protease and phosphatase, which lead to higher N and P availability than that without C. lacerata HG2011.Taken together, C. lacerata HG2011 mobilized organic nitrogen and phosphorus, increased pepper yield and quality, and reduced synthetic fertilizer use without yield and quality sacrifices, showing a promising new use in modern sustainable agriculture beyond medical, industrial, and environmental purposes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier