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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Molecular mechanisms underlying the action of strigolactones involved in grapevine root development by interacting with other phytohormone signaling

    Jiu, SongtaoXu, YanWang, JiyuanHaider, Muhammad Salman...
    22页
    查看更多>>摘要：Strigolactones (SLs) are vital rhizosphere signals that act as phytohormones modulating plant root growth and development. After treatment for 12 days, the synthetic SLs analog GR24 significantly increased the number and density of fine root. The data indicated that different concentrations of GR24 exerted opposite effects on lateral root (LR) initiation. High concentration (10 mu M) of GR24, similar to 10 mu M TIS108 (a triazole-type inhibitor of SLs), acted as a positive regulator for LR initiation, whereas the treatment with a low concentration (0.1 mu M) of GR24 markedly reduced LR density. In addition, root length and surface area were markedly increased by the treatment with 10 mu M GR24, compared with those of the controls. In root samples treated with 0.1 mu M GR24, 10 GR24, and 10 mu M TIS108, 4534, 5022, and 3803 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified compared to the control, respectively. The results of RNA-Seq highlighted several DEGs, such as ARF, EBF, ERF, CYCAI, and LOB, which play critical roles in hormone signaling, cell cycle, and root growth and development in grapevines. UPLC-MS analysis further demonstrated that SLs application remarkably altered the levels of endogenous hormones. In particular, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content in grapevine roots treated with 10 mu M TIS108 was approximately 4.78 times higher than that in the control, whereas it was the opposite following the 0.1 mu M or 10 mu M GR24 treatment. Our study provides the first comprehensive description of the effect of SLs on grapevine root development caused by interacting with other phytohormone signaling, and lays a solid theoretical basis for using SLs to regulate root growth and development in grapevines.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Flowering map of papaya germplasm: Support for genetic breeding and conservation programs

    Ferreira, Jacqueline A. B.Souza, Fernanda V. D.Moura, Hellen C. P.de Souza, Everton Hilo...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Brazil is the world's second leading producer of papaya. However, to sustain future production and growth particularly in the face of climate change, the development of new cultivars adapted to the country's various producing regions is a priority, mainly taking climate change into consideration. Research on the flowering phenology of papaya germplasm can facilitate choice of the most favorable moment to perform hybrid combinations for improvement. In this study, we analyzed the flowering phenology of 119 accessions of the Embrapa Papaya Active Germplasm Bank. The variables temperature, relative humidity and precipitation were collected from a nearby meteorological station and the data on average number of flowers produced per hermaphrodite plant were submitted to multivariate cluster analysis. The flowering of these accessions was influenced by environmental conditions, mainly rainfall patterns, characterizing seasonal behavior. The results showed two flowering peaks, the first coinciding with spring and the second with winter. In addition, we observed the formation of three different groups regarding flower production. The results obtained allow zoning of the flowering throughout the year for the 119 accessions, helping to improve the planning of hybridizations of interest. As far as we know, there are no reports in the literature of this type investigation with such a representative number of Carica papaya varieties.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Analysis on the abnormal chromosomal behaviour and the partial female fertility of allotriploid Lilium - 'Triumphator' (LLO) is not exceptional to the hypothesis of lily interploid hybridizations

    Cui, LuominSun, YanniXiao, KongzhongWan, Lin...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Based on previous publications, allotriploid (LLO) lily 'Triumphator' is seemingly exceptional to the hypothesis - five same genomes is essential for its endosperm development in interploid hybridizations of Lilium, because it could be hybridized with TTTT, OTOT, or even AA;however, no LLO x LL is used as control in these reports, and its abnormal meiosis is unknown. In order to confirm the speciality, the present research investigated 'Triumphator' (LLO, 2n = 3x = 36) for its microsporogenesis, female fertility and its progenies' genome composition. The results of its microsporogenesis showed that the homologous chromosomes of two L-genomes formed bivalents; the chromosomes of O-genome formed univalents, suggesting that intergenomic recombination between Lgenome and O-genome hardly occur. This was the reason for that no intergenomic recombinant chromosome was found in its progenies. Interploid hybridizaitons showed that the LLO x LL was much more successful than LLO x TT/OO, strongly suggesting that 'Triumphator' is not exceptional to the lily five same genomes of endosperm hypothesis because the endosperm genomes of LLO x LL, LLO x TT and LLO x OO are 5L + 2O, 4L + 2O + T and 4L + 3O, respectively, i.e. only the endosperm of LLO x LL containing 5 same genomes (5 L). The hypothesis is highly valuable to guide lily breeding.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Identification of major-effect QTL CmFpl3.1 controlling fruit pedicel length in melon (Cucumis melo L.)

    Cui, HaonanDing, ZhuoZhu, ZichengLiu, Shi...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Fruit pedicel length (FPL) is among the most important traits associated with melon (Cucumis melo L.), impacting their appearance and management. Melon pedicels are also utilized in the preparation of certain traditional Chinese medicine formulations. Herein, we analyzed a melon parental lines with long and short pedicles (M125 and X055, respectively), and found that the primary differences between these lines included changes in both cell number and cytokinin content in the fruit pedicel. This study is the first to report that the CmFpl3.1 is associated with the regulation of melon pedicel length, and we were able to narrow this locus to an 89 Kb region containing 10 genes on chromosome 3 via bulk segregant analysis (BSA) and quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. Microscopy, qPCR, functional annotation, and gene sequence alignment studies further led us to identify MELO3C010972, which encodes cytokinin oxidase, as a candidate gene of CmFpl3.1 likely to regulate melon FPL. Furthermore, the concomitant cleave amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker genotyping data sets from 95 germplasm accessions strongly supported a role for MELO3C010972 as a regulator of FPL variability. In conclusion, our results offer new insights regarding the mechanistic basis for FPL determination, offering a foundation for future breeding programs or efforts to understand the mechanisms governing melon FPL development.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Variation of lignan content and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Schisandra chinensis fruit at different maturation stages: Comparison with stem, leaf and seed

    Lee, SolipYeon, Sang WonTurk, AymanRyu, Se Hwan...
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：The fruit of Schisandra chinensis has been used for the treatment of various metabolic diseases for a long time. The bioactive constituents of the fruit are known as lignans with dibenzocyclooctadienes skeletons. In this study, changes in the content of four main lignans of S. chinensis, schizandrin (S1), schizandrin A (S2), gomisin N (S3) and wuweizisu C (S4), and anti-diabetic activities at the different maturation stages of fruits were investigated. In addition, comparison of stem, leaf and seed with fruit was conducted in order to determine the optimum harvest time of fruit with high functionality and seek an alternative to use the other parts of plant except the fruit. In the results, the total content of four lignans were kept relatively constant and the amount of S1 and S3 were more than that of S2 and S4. According to fruit maturity, the content of S1 and S2 increased, on the contrary, S3 and S4 decreased. alpha-Glucosidase inhibitory effect was higher in early matured fruits and decreased in medium and late matured fruits. Considering the correlation between lignan content and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory effect, the content of S4 appeared to be highly related to the inhibitory effect. All of examined lignans were also detected in other parts of the plant, especially showed higher level in stem and seed than in leaf. However, the content of each lignan was different in each part, that is, high content of S4 was detected in stem whereas the content of S3 was higher in seed. For the breeding of new cultivars of S. chinensis, it is necessary to cultivate early-maturing varieties with a high content of active ingredients as well as to find an alternative approach to use the various plant parts including stem, leaf and seed.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Microstructural observation on pistil abortion of 'Li Guang' apricot and transcriptome reveal the mechanism of endogenous hormones involved in pistil abortion

    Zhao, TongCheng, LiChen, Cui-LianWu, Yu-Xia...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：'Li Guang' apricot, a famous local variety, originated in Dunhuang city, Gansu Province, China. The fruit quality of 'Li Guang' apricot is excellent and It will generate greater financial returns. However, due to the change of natural environment and planting structure, pistil abortion has become an important factor affecting fruit setting rate, yield and quality. It seriously affects the economic benefits of this geographical indication product.The distribution and regulation of hormones play an important role in signal molecules of flower abortion. In order to elucidate the key molecular mechanism of apricot flower hormone abortion. Using normal and abortive buds as materials, the pistil abortion of apricot was observed, and the genes related to flowering regulation were identified by RNA sequencing. As compared with normal flowers, the pistil appearance of abortive flower is normal, but the ovary development is abnormal. Microstructure showed that the pollen grains of abortive flowers were decreased sharply, the ovaries shrunk and the ovule primordia developed stagnately. The hormone levels of ZR, IAA and CTK in abortive flowers decreased significantly. But the content of ABA and GA was significantly higher than normal flowers. Through RNA-Seq, it revealed that AUX1, TIR1, ARF, GH3 and SAUR, vital genes displayed identical differential expression profiles to auxin transduction pathway, and ABF, SnRK2, PP2C to abscisic acid, JAZ, MYC2 to jasmonic acid. Mutations in ARF, which encodes auxin response factor, can lead to serious defects in pistils. ARF promotes ovary formation mainly by inhibiting the expression of SPT in this domain. AG regulates early pistil development through CTK-AUXIN, and directly or indirectly affects these hormone pathways at different levels. Once the pistil begins to develop, SPT and ind connect CTK and AUXIN to realize the development of pistil structure. Other factors affecting hormone transport also showed apical and basal hyperplasia and ovary development.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene treatment on phenolic metabolism in postharvest Gynura bicolor DC

    Zhang, FeiXie, YitongShi, JieJiang, Li...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：We examined the effects of 10 mu L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment on phenolic metabolism in postharvest Gynura bicolor DC stored at 20 +/- 2 degrees C. The results indicated that 1-MCP treatment stimulated the biosynthesis of flavonoids and anthocyanins but inhibited that of lignin by regulating gene expression and enzyme activity. Specifically, 1-MCP treatment increased the contents of cinnamic acid, kaempferol, rutin, and chlorogenic acid by upregulating the expression of GbPAL, GbCHS, GbDFR, GbANS and GbUFGT, and decreased the ferulic acid content by downregulating the expression of GbC4H, GbCOMT, GbF5H and GbCCoAOMT. A correlation heatmap suggested close relations between individual phenolics and gene expression. The resulting accumulation of phenolics enhanced 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate radical (DPPH.) and 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS.(+)) scavenging ability and ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Furthermore, 1-MCP treatment decreased electrolyte leakage and inhibited the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, alleviating the risks of phenolics degradation and the increase in superoxide anion (O-2.(-)) and H2O2 levels. In summary, 1-MCP treatment increased the contents of total phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins by stimulating gene expression, and retarded the risk of phenolic degradation, thus delaying senescence of G. bicolor leaves.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Seed priming with cypress leaf extract enhances photosynthesis and antioxidative defense in zucchini seedlings under salt stress

    ElSayed, Abdelaleim IsmailRafudeen, Mohammed SuhailGanie, Showkat AhmadHossain, M. Sazzad...
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：Exogenous ameliorants hold a great potential to strengthen endogenous plant defence under various environmental stresses, including salinity. The effects of Cypress Leaf Extract (CLE, as a biostimulant) and salicylic acid (SA) on growth, physio-biochemical and molecular responses of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Kavili) seedlings under salt stress were investigated. Salt stress resulted in decreased photosynthesis activity and increased oxidative stress. However, CLE- and SA-pretreatment of salt-stressed seedlings enhanced their growth, photosynthetic capacity, antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT, APX, GPX, GR, and DHAR) activities and the contents of ascorbate, glutathione and proline as compared to the salt-stressed untreated seedlings. CLE- and SA-pretreatment also alleviated the salt stress-induced negative effects on CO2 assimilation and significantly increased the activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). Furthermore, CLE pretreatment also upregulated the expression of stress-inducible antioxidation-related genes (CuZnSOD2, CAT1, APX, GR, DHAR and PrxQ) in salt-stressed seedlings. Interestingly, CLE was found to outperform SA in augmenting these processes under both stress and stress-free conditions. Our study reveals that CLE-mediated enhancement of photosynthesis and antioxidative defence mechanisms plays a crucial role in the alleviation of salt stress, and thereby increasing salt tolerance and growth of zucchini plants.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Biostimulants alleviate temperature stress in tomato seedlings

    Niu, ChenxuWang, GeSui, JingLiu, Genzhong...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abiotic stresses result in tremendous loss of plant yield during global climate change. Biostimulants, as an environmental-friendly innovation in agricultural practice, can improve plant growth and development, and minimize adverse effects caused by abiotic stresses. In this study, three biostimulants, Boosten, Megafol and Isabion (1:500 dilution) were applied to leaf surfaces of tomato seedlings at four-leaf stage and their effects on seedlings growth after 7 and 15 days of treatment were cross-checked at 10 degrees C, 25 degrees C and 35 degrees C. We observed that the foliar application of biostimulants could promote the accumulation of plant biomass to various degrees under either low or high temperature stress compared to the water control. Specifically, Boosten and Megafol treatments boosted the synthesis of chlorophylls and photosynthetic rates, thereby enhanced the vitality of plants. Under high temperature, biostimulants especially Boosten and Megafol significantly promoted the growth of both aboveground and underground tissues leading to the increased tomato sound seedling index, whereas Isabion mainly improved the growth of aboveground tissues. Clustering analysis and principal component analysis further confirmed that under temperature stress, various biostimulants had different promotion effects on tomato seedlings. This may be explained by the plant species specificity in respond to biostimulants with different chemical compositions and more importantly, by the different responding mechanisms of biostimulants to cold or heat stress. Overall, Boosten was more effective under temperature stress.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Starving longan fruit sends weakened abscission-suppressing signal rather than enhanced abscission-triggering signal to the abscission zone

    Yang, Zi-QinZhong, Xiu-MeiWang, Hui-CongZhang, Lei...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Fruit abscission is largely governed by carbohydrate supply, and carbohydrate shortage intensifies fruit abscission. Understanding cues from the starving fruit that activate the abscission zone (AZ) is an intriguing research subject and important for control fruit abscission. In this study, starvation stress generated by girdling and defoliating the bearing shoots was used to explore the cues from the starving fruit that triggers abscission in longan. The starving fruit abscised quickly within 5 days. However, removing the starving fruit induced even faster AZ activation with greater ethylene production in the pedicel. Abscission of the defruited pedicel was strongly suppressed by IAA, slightly by ethylene action inhibitor, silver thiosulfate (STS), but not by GA3 or zeatin. Both IAA and ABA concentrations in the starving fruit and the pedicel were significantly reduced compared with the control. IAA exudation from the starving fruit was significantly lower, while IAA oxidase activity in the fruit was higher. The activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase (PM H+-ATPase) in the fruit and the pedicel was not significantly affected by carbohydrate starvation, while that of PM Ca2+-ATPase in both organs was significantly reduced by starvation. The results suggested that the starving fruit seems not send abscission promoting signal e.g. ABA or ethylene, but sends weakened abscission-suppressing signal, IAA, to the AZ. The weakened capacity of starving fruit to export IAA is related to increase in IAA deactivation and reduction in PM Ca2+-ATPase activity. The reduced IAA in the AZ leads to increased sensitivity to ethylene synthesized in situ in the pedicel, which activates the AZ under starvation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier