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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Effects of foliar application of gibberellic acid, boric acid and sucrose on noni (M. citrifolia L.) fruit growth and quality

    Prakash, ReemaJokhan, Anjeela DeviSingh, Ranjila
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Noni juice processing industry depends explicitly on the quality of noni fruits and its juice together with increased production of fruits. This study evaluated the effects of chemical treatments on noni's fruiting capacity, fruit yield and the fruit antioxidant properties. Noni plants in fruiting stage were foliar fed with boric acid (BA) at a concentration of 100 ppm or 200 ppm, gibberellic acid (GA3) at 20 ppm or 40 ppm and sucrose solution at 5 or 20% and water (control). Changes in fruiting numbers, fruit growth rates, fruit yield, total soluble solids (TSS), fruit antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of fruits were determined after the foliar treatments. Fruiting, fruit growth rate and yield were significantly increased in BA, GA3 and sucrose treated plants when compared to the control treatment. Fruit TSS, antioxidant capacity and total phenol content were not affected. Sucrose 20% and BA treatments (100 ppm and 200 ppm) produced the highest fruit yields.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Self-compatibility of 'Zaohuang' loquat is attributed to the lack of a 52 bp fragment in the S-10-RNase promoter

    Wu, ChaoZhang, YingWang, HuakunYan, Mengyao...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is a typical gametophytic self-incompatible (GSI) subtropical evergreen fruit tree, but there are also some self-compatible varieties. In this study, the fruit set rate of 'Zaohuang ((SS10)-S-2)' and 'Baiyu ((SS10)-S-2)' loquats were investigated after self-pollination and cross-pollination, respectively. The analysis demonstrated that 'Zaohuang' ('ZH') was self-compatible (SC) and 'Baiyu' ('BY') was self-incompatible (SI), while they were cross-compatible. The expression levels of S-RNase in the pistils of 'ZH' and 'BY' were analyzed by qPCR, indicating that the expression of S-2-RNase was similar in the two cultivars, but the expression of S-10-RNase in the pistils of 'ZH' was significantly lower than that in 'BY'. In addition, cloning of the full-length open reading frame (ORF) sequence and promoter of S-10-RNase in 'ZH' and 'BY' by TAIL-PCR showed that the fulllength ORF sequence of S-10-RNase was completely consistent in two loquat cultivars. However, the promoter of S-10-RNase in 'ZH' (ZH-S-10-RNase-P) lacks 52 bp fragment comparing with that in 'BY' (BY-S-10-RNase-P). The deletion fragment was located at 1755 bp upstream to the start code ATG of S-10-RNase, containing a TGACGmotif and a CGTCA-motif. To detect the activities of ZH-S-10-RNase-P and BY-S-10-RNase-P, we constructed ZHS(10)-RNase-P::GFP and BY-S-10--RNase-P::GFP plasmids and introduced them into tobacco pistils by transient expression method. The fluorescence of GFP was much lower in ZH-S-10--RNase-P::GFP transformed tobacco pistils than that in BY-S-10--RNase-P::GFP transformed pistils. These results indicated that the 52 bp deletion in the promoter of S-10-RNase results in reducing the expression of S-10--RNase and eventually leads to self-compatibility of 'ZH' loquat. Our research provided a new direction for screening loquat SC varieties with S-10-RNase promoter.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Preventing scattering of Tetranychus urticae in Rosa hybrida through dsCOPB2 expression

    Xu, JunpingKim, Jeong HoAhn, Chang HoJang, Seonghoe...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：To obtain rose plants resistant to Tetranychus urticae, which is one of the major pests of roses grown in a plastic house or greenhouse to be harvested as cut-flowers, we introduced the double-stranded RNA of the coatomer protein complex (dsCOPB2) from T. urticae (inserted into the pPZP200-Bar vector) to somatic embryos or embryogenic calluses of a rose breeding line (KR056006), using an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. It took 11 to 41 months to obtain eight plants, which were regenerated from the somatic embryos or embryogenic calluses through a selection procedure that uses phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (ppt; 2 mg L 1) after co-cultivation. Validation of the transgene in pseudo-transgenic plants was verified via genomic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern Blot analyses. It was confirmed that one to six copies of the transgene were transferred to the eight dsCOPB2-transgenic lines; the levels of the transgene were analyzed via real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). In the resistance test of one transgenic line (KR056006-COPB2-13) against T. urticae, the pest showed a high mortality rate of approximately (~89%), and egg-laying was relatively decreased by approximately 88%, compared to those for a non-transgenic (NT) rose line, KR056006. This suggests that the transgenic rose plants with high accumulated amounts of dsCOPB2 have a negative effect on the survival of T. urticae. It is expected that these results will accelerate the development of pest-resistant cultivars and may replace conventional pest control methods in general.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Morphological and Physiological Response Mechanism of Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.) to Consecutive Heat Stress

    Zhao, XiaogangSui, XinyiZhao, LiuxinGao, Xingxing...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：To clarify the morphological and physiological response mechanism of lettuce to consecutive heat stress and pave the way to improve lettuce thermotolerance in future, 20 indexes of heat sensitive lettuce 'GRAND RAPIDS TBR' were measured during and after 13 days of heat stress (35/25? day/night temperature) treatment and normal temperature (25/15? day/night temperature) treatment (no drought stress during treatment) in artificial climate chamber. The results showed that: (1) after 13 days of heat stress, the biomass accumulation of lettuce increased, the new leaves became narrower and longer; (2) from the fifth day after heat stress, the leaf number, and stalk length increased rapidly; (3) compared with the control, the chlorophyll a + b, carotenoids, proline and soluble sugar content decreased in the early stage and then increased in the later stage during heat stress; but the malondialdehyde content, the catalase, peroxidase, and super oxide dismutase activities increased in the early stage and then decreased in the later stage; (4) correlation analysis showed that the leaf number and stalk length have a significant positive correlation with chlorophyll a + b (P < 0.01), carotenoids (P < 0.01), soluble sugar (P < 0.05), proline (P < 0.01), hydrogen peroxide (P < 0.01) and a negative correlation with malondialdehyde (P < 0.01) and catalase (P < 0.01). These results showed that lettuce responds to heat stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the early stage and lettuce responds to heat stress by improving the photosynthetic pigment, osmotic adjustment contents and changing plant morphology in the later stage, thus balancing heat stress response and growth, ultimately promoting the increase of its biomass.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Postharvest gamma-irradiation treatment enhance nutritional and antioxidant potential of Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk) fruit

    Meena, RamhariChoudhary, Jagdish LalGathala, SumanJat, Laxman...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：'Gola' jujube was irradiated by gamma irradiation doses (0, 0.4, and 1.0 kGy) and stored at 10 degrees C for 35 d. The impact of irradiation on nutritional (total soluble solids, firmness, titratable acidity, pH value and sugars) and bioactive attributes (ascorbic acid, total phenol, total carotenoid and antioxidant activity) were evaluated at 7 d interval. The total soluble solids of 'Gola' jujube was significantly increased by irradiation treatment. However, the pH and acidity levels were remained unaffected after 21 d of storage. In addition, fruit treated with gamma irradiation exhibited significantly higher ascorbic acid and total phenol content but, lowest in carotenoid. These results suggested that gamma-irradiation might be an effective method to enhance antioxidant potential of jujube fruit, which caused beneficial health effects on consumption.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Response of spinach plants to different doses of two commercial nanofertilizers

    Gil-Diaz, M.Garcia-Gonzalo, P.Mancho, C.Hernandez, L. E....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：The use of nanofertilizers could be a potential solution to address the current challenges of agriculture (global hunger, increase of world population, highly inefficient use of fertilizer, soil nutrient deficiency and scarcity of raw materials). Most available literature focuses on the effects of some nanomaterials synthesized at lab scale and detailed information about commercial nanofertilizer is lacking. The aim of the present study was to characterize two commercial nanofertilizers (NF-A and NF-B) and evaluate the effect of their foliar application at increasing doses (recommended dose (RD), 10RD, 100RD and 500RD) on spinach plants. Both nanofertilizers differed greatly in composition, colloidal stability and morphology. Their impact on spinach leaves depended on nano-fertilizer composition and dose and they did not have negative effects at the recommended dose or at 10RD. However, NF-B at the highest doses (100RD and 500RD) had major negative effects on leaves compared to NF-A and induced a reduction in the content of chlorophyll, polyphenols, flavonols and antioxidant activity, an in-crease in oxidative damage, and the deterioration of the cellular ultrastructure according to TEM analysis. In contrast, leaves treated with NF-A showed few changes and only at the highest dose (500RD) were some adverse effects detected. Foliar application of the two commercial nanofertilizers modified the surface composition as well as the nutrient content of the leaves, adding new elements and increasing the content of others, especially at the highest doses tested. The present study will contribute to the establishment of safe levels of nanofertilizer exposure and provides a starting point for studies on the mechanisms involved in nanoparticle uptake by leaves.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Brown rot on stone fruit: From epidemiology studies to the development of effective control strategies

    Casals, C.Torres, R.Teixido, N.De Cal, A....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：In the last years, our research has focused on the study of brown rot on stone fruit caused by Monilinia spp. in the 'Valle del Ebro' (Spain). The epidemiology of this disease was thoroughly investigated in the field and one of the main outcomes was the development of a prediction model that indicates the risk of infection. Furthermore, the epidemiology was also studied in the postharvest phase, providing a lot of information regarding the relevance of the main postharvest handling operations, the identification of fungal population in packing houses, the fruit infection risks and the influence of temperature and humidity on conidia survival. Additionally, many efforts have been orientated to the development of control strategies for both pre and postharvest periods. Traditionally, chemical fungicides have been used to preserve fruit quality over extended periods of storage or transportation. However, the growing public concern over health and environmental hazards associated with high levels of pesticides has resulted in restrictions imposed by legislation and also by distribution companies. In this context, our main goal has been the development of environmentally friendly alternative strategies to synthetic fungicides in order to control brown rot on stone fruit. Although many studies have demonstrated the efficacy of these alternative treatments, only a few of them are currently applied under commercial conditions. Biocontrol agents, natural compounds from different origins and physical means are the main approaches which have been studied, with different success levels. There are several reasons for the limited success of these treatments, such as the inconsistency of results, variability of the efficacy under commercial conditions, low persistence, a narrow spectrum range of activity, the difficulties in developing a shelf-stable formulated product that retains efficacy (in the case of biocontrol agents), and economical and regulatory limitations. Generally, it is accepted that the combination of different strategies is necessary to improve the control of postharvest diseases and that the real solution needs to integrate different tools to achieve satisfactory disease control. The aim of this review is to describe the main efforts conducted by our research group regarding the control of brown rot on stone fruit, from epidemiology studies to the development of effective control strategies.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Current strategies, perspectives and challenges in management and control of postharvest diseases of papaya

    Tan, Guang HengAli, AsgarSiddiqui, Yasmeen
    19页
    查看更多>>摘要：Papaya (Carica papaya) is essential produce specifically in tropical countries due to its rich nutritional and economic benefits, excellent flavours, drug development and industrial processing. This had become a vital source of income for the papaya growing countries by exporting the fresh fruit and processed products in the countries where the demand for tropical fruit is high. However, this climacteric fruit can deteriorate at a higher rate due to severe infections caused by various pathogens that grow at the fruit epiphytically and endophytically during postharvest handling. These postharvest decays are irreversible and cause significant changes in the overall fruit quality and increase the rates of losses during the postharvest chain in the papaya-producing countries including Malaysia. With a better understanding of the causal agents, subsequent control of papaya fruit is applied to delay the disease establishment by different methods. For example, chemical control involved the utilisation of chemicals to disrupt the growth and development of the fungus, while physical control utilises manual alteration on the fruit surrounding for sterilization and delaying the ripening process. Whereas, biological control relied on the naturally found product which can combat the fungal invasion via competition for nutrients, creating protective barriers, induction of PR proteins and resistance. Since synthetic fungicide had been known to have various drawbacks to human health and the environment, many safe and cost-effective alternatives are introduced. However, some of the promising alternatives are only available during the laboratory stage and indicate their potential to be used on-field by optimization and development of novel and safe products. Therefore, this article reviewed different postharvest control strategies that had successfully controlled or could control the growth of the pathogens of papaya, along with their impacts on the fruit quality based on the literature available currently.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Piriformospora indica colonization promotes the root growth of Dimocarpus longan seedlings

    Lu, PeitaoCheng, ChunzhenLi, DanWang, Bin...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：As a mutualistic endophyte, the host range of Piriformospora indica is very broad and its promoting effects on host plant growth and development have been increasingly reported. In this study, we investigated the influence of P. indica colonization on the growth of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) seedlings and found that the root length and root number, chlorophyll content in leaf, and flavonoid contents in both leaf and stem of P. indica colonized longan seedlings were significantly higher than those of the noncolonized controls. To reveal its promoting mechanism, activities of several antioxidant enzymes, contents of some antioxidant related molecules and phytohormones were measured. Results showed that the peroxidase (POD) activity (indicator of rooting ability) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, a root growth promoting phytohormone) content in P. indica colonized roots were both significantly higher than controls. Moreover, P. indica colonization reduced the accumulations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in longan roots. Our results indicated that P. indica colonization improved the rooting ability of longan through inducing the IAA biosynthesis and POD activity, facilitated and accelerated the root growth by reducing H2O2 accumulation and suppressing the JA accumulation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Bacillus velezensis SX13 promoted cucumber growth and production by accelerating the absorption of nutrients and increasing plant photosynthetic metabolism

    Wang, JunzhengQu, FengLiang, JiayiYang, Mingfei...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Rhizosphere colonization by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) facilitates the ability of PGPR to promotes plant growth and health. Among the rhizosphere microbial communities, the dominant PGPR strains should be tapped to analyze their growth-promoting mechanism, and then promote the development and utilization of related agricultural products. In the current study, Bacillus velezensis SX13, Bacillus paralicheniformis SX21, and Bacillus tequilensis SX31, which can dissolve inorganic and organic phosphorus and produce auxin (IAA; except B. tequilensis SX31), were isolated from cucumber rhizosphere. Three weeks after the strains were separately inoculated into the rhizosphere of cucumber plants, the plants treated with the three strains showed improved root structures, photosynthetic parameters, increased growth rate, and high degree of biomass accumulation, compared with the control plants. Plants inoculated with B. velezensis SX13 had the highest seedling growth rate. Experiment using different inoculation doses was conducted. Results showed that B. velezensis SX13 promoted the absorption of elements by the roots and the transport of these elements to the shoots by improving the root structures and up-regulating the expression of CsNRT1 subfamily genes in the roots. Increases in element absorption and transport rates promoted photosynthesis and the activities of enzymes related to carbon metabolism (including ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, sucrose phosphate synthase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase, and fructose-l.6bisphosphate aldolase) and nitrogen metabolism (including nitrate reductase, glutamine synthase, glutamine2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase) in the leaves. In addition, the levels of glucose, sucrose, fructose, soluble proteins, and amino acids increased in the leaves. Induced by B. velezensis SX13, increase in photosynthetic metabolism promoted biomass and element accumulation in the roots and shoots and significantly improved fruit quality and yield. However, a dose effect was observed in the case of B. velenzensis SX13 at the doses assayed in this work.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier