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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Molecular elucidation for the variance of organic acid profile between citrus top and bottom canopy fruits

    Hussain, Syed BilalAteeq, MuhammadAlam, Shariq MahmoodLiu, Dong-Hai...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Organic acids are key metabolites for diverse fruit flavoring and vital for fruit quality measures. Their contents are significantly varied regarding the canopy position. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this study by using Citrus raticulata cv. Bendizao as research material, a significant 2-fold increase in citrate content and a 2-fold decrease in malate content were noticed in bottom-canopy fruits subjected to less light and low temperature compared to top-canopy fruits. Moreover, transcript levels of genes like citrate synthase (CS1), aconitate hydratase genes (ACO1 and ACO2), NAD-dependent malic enzyme gene (NAD-ME) and malate dehydrogenase genes (MDH1 and MDH2) were significantly higher, while transcript levels of other genes such as citrate utilization genes (ACL2, ACL3 and ACO3), malate synthase gene (MS) and cytosolic NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase gene (cytNAD-MDH) were significantly lower in bottom-canopy fruits compared to top canopy fruits. Additionally, transcript levels of proton pump genes (CsPHs and VHA), two transporter genes (MATE and ALMT9), and four transcription factor genes (MYB73, Noemi, MYC-N, and bHLH) were significantly higher, while mRNA levels of two transcription factor genes (MYB10 and WRKY14) and transporter genes (CsCit1 and ALMT9-like) were significantly lower in bottom-canopy fruits than those in top-canopy fruits. Taken together, the variance of organic acid profiles in the canopy could be attributed to the microclimate change, which comprehensively influences the organic acid accumulation-related genes' transcript levels; reduced malate accumulation in bottom-canopy fruits is mainly due to the minimal expression of MS and cytNAD-MDH, and high expression of malate utilization genes (MDH and NAD-ME), while the higher citrate content in the bottom-canopy fruits is probably due to the enhanced vacuolar storage through increasing vacuolar proton pump genes and MATE transcript levels, and the minimal citrate degradation and efflux through decreasing ACL2, ACL3, ACO3 and CsCit1 transcript levels.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Characterization of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway at the metabolic level in the red leaves of Pistacia chinensis

    Song, XiehaiZhang, JinChang, XiaochaoXian, Lihong...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Pistacia chinensis is a tree species with colorful leaves and great ornamental value. The molecular mechanism of its anthocyanin biosynthesis has been described from the transcriptional level. However, the type of anthocyanin cannot be obtained from the transcription level, which leads to the ambiguity of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. In this study, the pathway of anthocyanin biosynthesis was described from the metabolic level. A total of 27 anthocyanins, five procyanidins, and six flavones were identified and quantified in the red leaves of P. chinensis in autumn using UPLC-MS/MS. The dominant anthocyanin in P. chinensis leaves was cyanidin-3-Ogalactoside, and its content was 121.10 ng/g, which accounted for 95.88% of the total anthocyanins. The content of methylated and acylated anthocyanins was very low, indicating that the anthocyanins in P. chinensis leaves were not prone to methylation and acylation. In addition, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B3, afzelin, and quercetin-3-O-glucoside were identified, and their contents were 12.00 ng/g, 12.84 ng/g, 5.44 ng/g, and 13.72 ng/g, respectively. These metabolites were clearly mapped on the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. The anthocyanins biosynthesis in P. chinensis leaves is mainly via the dihydroquercetin pathway. Overall, these results enhanced our understanding of the biochemical basis of leaf coloration in autumn.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Analyzing the genetic relationships in Tulipa based on karyotypes and 5S rDNA sequences

    Liu, GuangxinLan, YueQu, LianweiZhao, Yilian...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Tulips are commercially important garden and cut flowers. With numerous wild species, China is one of the distribution centers of Tulipa. It is of great significance to tulip breeding to clarify the genetic relationships between wild species and the cultivars. We conducted rDNA oligo-FISH, karyotype analysis and rDNA sequencing of eight wild species and four cultivars. The results indicated that the 45S rDNA distribution presented a typical interspecies evolutionary trend among different Tulipa sections. The differences in 5S rDNA manifested mainly in the number of loci, which ranged from two to several dozen. Surprisingly, 11 base deletions appeared in the coding region of 5S rDNA in three wild species and three cultivars. The probes we designed clearly revealed that 5S rDNA sequences containing a complete coding region are necessary in each species, regardless of whether they can be detected by PCR using universal primers. Compared with data based on phenotype and molecular markers, our results provide clearer and more stable evidence for the classification of tulips. We concluded that among the wild Tulipa species studied, Tulipa edulis is the most primitive, whereas T. schrenkii and T. tianschanica are the most similar to cultivars.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of biochar as a peat-based substrate component on morphological, photosynthetic and biochemical characteristics of Rhododendron delavayi Franch.

    Xue, JianhuiBu, XiaoliJi, HuijuanMa, Wenbao...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Biochar could be a promising peat substitute for horticultural plant production. We evaluated the feasibility of rice husk biochar (RHB) and wood chip biochar (WCB) as a peat-based substrate component for the cultivation of Rhododendron delavayi Franch., that is an ornamental dwarf tree species. A pot experiment was conducted to test the effects of RHB and WCB treatments at five application rates ( 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% by volume) on morphological, photosynthetic and biochemical characteristics of R. delavayi. The substrate properties, plant growth, root traits, photosynthetic and biochemical parameters were analyzed. The addition of 20% WCB or 3040% RHB enhanced the growth and photosynthetic activity of R. delavayi seedling, including increased plant height, numbers of leaves, leaf area, root surface area and root tip numbers, as well as improved total chlorophylls content and net photosynthetic rate. The addition of 40% RHB significantly increased the contents of carotenoids, polyphenols and anthocyans, indicating an enhanced antioxidant activity of R. delavayi seedlings. The mixed substrates (20% WCB, 30% RHB and 40% RHB) all have balanced aeration porosity and water holding porosity, suitable pH and electrical conductivity, and increased plant nutrient supply (especially K, Fe and Mn). However, the 40% WCB substrate depressed seedlings growth and reduced total chlorophylls content and net photosynthetic rate. The negative effects were linked to its low water holding porosity, high alkalinity and salinity, as well as high content of phytotoxic compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile matter. In conclusion, a peat-based substrate containing 20% WCB or 30-40% RHB is a more favorable growth media for obtaining high-quality R. delavayi seedlings, while achieving sustainable horticulture production.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Transcriptome analysis reveals genes associated with kernel size in apricots cultivated for kernel consumption (Prunus armeniaca ? Prunus sibirica)

    Wang, LinBao, WenquanXu, WanyuHuang, Mengzhen...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Seed size is an important component of overall seed yield trait, and apricots cultivated for consumable kernels produce kernels that are large and sweet. However, the molecular mechanism of kernel development in kernel consumption apricots remains unclear. We measured kernel weight, length, width, and thickness and investigated the transcriptome profiles of kernel consumption apricots (Prunus armeniaca x Prunus sibirica) at six different developmental stages. The phenotypic analysis results showed that rapid kernel size development occurred from 15 to 45 days after flowering (DAF), and that the kernel coat size almost reached its the maximum at 45 DAF, suggesting that the early kernel development was important factor that determine overall kernel size. A total of 8,108 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and a weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed that turquoise module was strongly correlated with the kernel size. Six hub genes were identified as potential regulators of the kernel size. Furthermore, we analyzed the DEGs related to kernel size in the phytohormones metabolic pathways, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, G-protein signaling, mitogenactivated protein kinase signaling, and HAIKU pathway, which were considered to be important regulators of kernel size. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of kernel size in kernel consumption apricots.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Transcriptome and Metabolome reveal AsA regulatory network between metabolites and genes after fruit shading by bagging in kiwifruit (Actinidia eriantha)

    Liu, QingLi, YiqiLiao, GuanglianXu, Xiaobiao...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Fruit bagging is an effective way of producing pollution-free fruit. However, the micro-environment provided by bagging for fruits could reduce the internal quality for most fruits in various degree. As a novel berry fruit, kiwifruit (Actinidia eriantha) has great potential for development. We found a change in fruit quality after fruit shading by bagging (FSB). In order to explore the regulatory mechanism of FSB on fruit quality, we used off target metabolomics and transcriptomics to identify differential metabolites and differential genes, and focused on the molecular mechanism of the decrease in AsA content. We found that the contents of soluble solids (SSC), soluble sugar (SS), ascorbic acid (AsA), chlorophyll and carotenoid in the FSB fruit were significantly reduced. Through the non-targeted metabolome, a total of 160 metabolites showed significant differences in fruit tissue. There were 3,200 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between FSB and control by RNA-Seq and enriched in 118 KEGG metabolic pathways. The decrease of AsA content after FSB was mainly due to the decrease of DHAR gene, MDHAR gene, APX gene and the increase of MDHA metabolite during the AsA-GSH cycle process. The decrease of GalUR gene in D-galacturonic acid pathway and the decrease of GulLO gene and Myoinositol metabolite in Myo-inositol pathway were the secondary reasons for the decrease of AsA content. This study would provide novel insights into the effects of FSB on changes in the intrinsic and appearance quality of A. eriantha fruit.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Modeling the impacts of groundwater depth and biochar addition on tomato production under climate change using RZWQM2

    Zhang, KunShao, GuangchengWang, ZhiyuCui, Jintao...
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：The south of China is prone to waterlogging and non-point source pollution due to its heavy rainfall. Draining excess water to lower the groundwater level and application of biochar to improve soil properties can mitigate the waterlogging to some extent. Hence, the RZWQM2 model calibrated and validated using measured data was used to identify suitable field management scenarios (defined as a combination of different groundwater depths and biochar additions) under different future climate conditions (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 under the BCC-CSM1-1 regional climate model). Dry yield and water use efficiency (WUE) simulations showed that compared to no biochar addition, dry yield increased by 0.17 - 2.94% and -0.3 - 2.77% under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, respectively, and WUE increased by -0.72 - 2.91% and -1.59 - 2.79% under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, respectively, for biochar additions of 1 - 2%. The simulation results of the N loss showed that compared to the groundwater depth of 60 cm, the N loss from surface drainage and subsurface drainage was reduced by 36.68 - 81.79% and 30.53 - 80.67% under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, respectively, when the groundwater depth was 80 - 100 cm. It is appropriate to control the groundwater depth in the range of 80 - 100 cm and biochar addition ratio around 2% under RCP 4.5, and under RCP 8.5, the groundwater depth in the range of 80 - 100 cm and biochar addition ratio around 1%. The results of the study suggest that it is necessary to adopt reasonable strategies to cope with future climate change in order to ensure the safety of agricultural production. The RZWQM2 model may be a reliable approach to optimize field management strategies.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Metabolomics combined with physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal regulatory features associated with blueberry growth in different soilless substrates

    Yang, HaiyanWu, YaqiongDuan, YongkangZhang, Chunhong...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soilless substrate mixtures on blueberry seedling growth under greenhouse conditions and to determine the optimal growth media for soilless blueberry (Vaccinium australe) cultivation. Trials were carried out with two-year-old blueberry seedlings from April to August 2021. Three mixed substrates (PB: peat and bark (1:1, v/v), PR: peat and rice husk (1:1, v/v), and BR: bark and rice husk (1:1, v/v)) were investigated. The results showed that the plant height, stem diameter and chlorophyll content were much higher in PB and PR than in BR. The PB and PR substrates triggered antioxidant system activity and exerted marked positive effects on blueberry seedling growth. The total flavonoid content was greatly increased in the PB group compared with the other two groups. Most element contents were greatly increased with BR compared with PB and PR. Furthermore, metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed the critical responses of metabolic pathways to different substrate treatments in blueberry leaves collected in June. Overall, the metabolomic data revealed 757 metabolites with decreased levels and 1383 metabolites with increased levels. The levels of multiple prenol lipids, flavonoids, organooxygen compounds, carboxylic acids and derivatives were changed. "Flavonoid biosynthesis" was the most significantly enriched pathway and may be closely related to blueberry growth. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic data suggested that the expression of 4 DEGs, VcPAL, VcHCT, VcF14G24.3, and VcCHS, was strongly correlated with flavonoid biosynthesis. This work provides insights for elucidating the mechanisms that mediate the growth adaptability of blueberry cv. 'Zhaixuan 7' in different substrates.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Horticultural performance of 'Hass' avocado grafted onto seedling and clonal rootstocks under tropical wet-dry climate conditions

    Moraes, Ana Flavia GarciaMicheletti, Ligia BroglioSantoro, Marcelo Brossidos Santos, Nardelio Teixeira...
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：In Brazil, avocado nursery trees are traditionally grafted onto seedling rootstocks obtained from chance seedling trees of unknown origin, which results in great tree variability within the commercial orchards. This study aimed at comparing the horticultural performance of 'Hass' avocado trees grafted onto seedling rootstocks and onto 'Dusa' clonal rootstocks, a well-known root-rot tolerant cultivar. Both rootstocks were studied in an 'Hass' avocado orchard between year 4 to 8 after planting, by assessing individual fruit yield (number of fruit and kg plant-1), tree size, yield efficiency, Phytophthora cinnamomi presence in the soil under the canopy and fruit quality variables, such as weight, length (L), diameter (D) and L:D ratio. Postharvest fruit quality was evaluated under cold storage at 5 degrees C and +/- 85% relative humidity (RH) during a 28-day period. Along a 5-year period,'Hass' avocado trees grafted onto 'Dusa' clonal rootstock yielded a larger number of bigger and more elongated fruits per tree, which were classified within the most valued fruit size classes in the market, as compared to 'Hass' trees grafted onto seedling rootstocks. No significant differences were found between rootstocks regarding postharvest fruit quality or the abundance of P. cinnamomi in the soil under tree canopy.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Genomic insights into the important ornamental and stress resistance traits of Prunus mume

    Li, XueLi, PingZheng, TangchunZhang, Qixiang...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Prunus mume is a traditional Chinese ornamental and fruit tree crop with a long history of cultivation and wide use in gardens. With the rapid development of biotechnology, the researchers have successively completed the whole genome sequencing and resequencing of P. mume. They have analyzed the formation mechanism of flower aroma, flower color, flower type, plant architecture, cold resistance and other traits, which lay a theoretical foundation for improving the efficiency of breeding and the molecular breeding designs. In this review paper, we briefly summarized the important research progress of P. mume genomics and molecular biology in recent 10 years, mainly including germplasm resource classification, genomic projects, genetic map, important ornamental traits and stress resistance, cultivation and promotion demonstration of new cold resistant cultivars. Furthermore, the key objectives and directions of future research from this study will contribute to accelerating breeding programs for Prunus species.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier