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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Transcriptome and carotenoids profiling of flowers in different Osmanthus fragrans cultivars provide insight into transcriptional control network of carotenoid-related genes expression

    Zhang Q.Li Y.Zhang R.Shi D....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Carotenoids are important natural pigments and essential for the coloration formation in plant petals. The difference in the accumulation of carotenoids always leads to the difference in flower coloration in O. fragrans. In this study, flower petals from different O. fragrans groups with different coloration were used. The critical genes and corresponding transcription factor (TF) candidates playing important role in carotenoid accumulation in petals were investigated through the integrated carotenoid profiles and transcriptomic analysis. We found the difference in the contents and compositions of carotenoids endow flower petal with diversified coloration, and expression levels of OfNCED3, OfDXS2, OfCCD1, OfGGPPS2, OfDXR3, OfBCH2, and OfCCD4 were critical factors modulating carotenoid accumulation. Further analysis showed that 61, 19, 21, 47, 16, 21, and 29 potential TF candidates with high Pearson correlation coefficients (|r|> 0.80) were but also for the first time speculated to interact with the promoter of OfNCED3, OfDXS2, OfCCD1, OfGGPPS2, OfDXR3, OfBCH2, and OfCCD4, respectively. In which, 17 TF candidates might bind to multiple gene promoters (>2) for affecting the carotenoid accumulation in O. fragrans petals. Furthermore, nine and one of OfCCD4 potential TFs presented similar and opposite expression pattern with OfCCD4, respectively, further indicating they might potentially participate in OfCCD4 expression regulation. Collectively, our data established the possible regulatory network between the critical genes and potential TF candidates and provided useful information for studying the underlying transcriptional mechanism of carotenoid accumulation in O. fragrans.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanism underlying lily double flowering

    Li H.Song S.Wang C.Sun H....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Flower morphology is a vital ornamental characteristic. A single flower is the main floral pattern for lily, and rare double-flowered lily has extremely high ornamental and commercial value. However, the genetic basis underlying the double flowering of lily remains unknown. Here, with Lilium lancifolium and a double-flowered lily mutant used as experimental materials, RNA-seq was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of double-flowered lily. DEG enrichment highlighted the effect of hormone signal transduction pathways on stamen petaloidy. A large number of genes and TFs involved in hormone signal transduction pathways were identified. In particular, in the auxin biosynthesis and signaling pathway, most of the key genes were upregulated in double-flowered lily. In addition, comparative transcriptome and gene expression pattern analyses revealed that two MADS family members and a C2H2 gene may play vital roles in the transformation from single- to double-flowered lily. This study provides insights into the complex molecular networks underlying floral organ development in double-flowered lily.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Soil and leaf tissue nutrient status relationships of Haskap (Lonicera caerulea L.) cultivars in Nova Scotia, Canada

    Iheshiulo E.M.-A.Hammermeister A.M.Abbey L.
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Haskap (Lonicera caerulea L.) is a rapidly emerging and promising berry crop and gaining popularity in Nova Scotia (NS). The establishment and productivity of haskap varies widely in NS and it is largely dependent on soil-plant interactions. A multi-locational field survey was carried out to evaluate and determine the relationship between soil and leaf nutrient concentrations of haskap cultivars grown in Nova Scotia. Soil samples were collected in mid-May, and leaf samples were collected starting from late June to early July in both years at the stage where 50% of the berries had turned color from green to blue. Among the studied cultivars, 44% were adequate in leaf N, 33% were adequate in leaf P, 45% had adequate leaf K, 52% adequate in Ca, and 74% adequate in leaf Mg. However, 26% had excessive leaf P and Mg content, while 47% was deficient in leaf K. Indigo Gem and Tundra cultivars had similar nutrient uptake response, while correlation analysis revealed significant negative relationships between leaf Mg versus leaf N and K. The relative comparison of Indigo Gem with other haskap cultivars revealed that Aurora had 48% more leaf P content, and Borealis had 39% more leaf Mn content than Indigo Gem. However, in most cases all cultivars were within 40% of the Indigo Gem value, and in many cases within 20%. It could be concluded that Indigo Gem can be used as a reference cultivar when assessing nutritional levels of Tundra and Borealis cultivars.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Tobacco straw biochar improved the growth of Chinese cherry (Prunus pseudocerasus) via altering plant physiology and shifting the rhizosphere bacterial community

    Wen Z.Qiu Z.Qiao G.Yang K....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Tobacco straws are byproducts during cigarette manufacturing, which have drawn attention for how to dispose them not at the cost of environment. Processing them into biochar might turn waste into wealth given their potentials for soil amelioration and crop growth promotion. However, the effects of biochar application are variable which severely limits their application. The aim of this study was to reveal the effect of tobacco straw biochar (TBC) on growth of Chinese cherry and the underlying mechanism. In present work, the response of Chinese cherry ‘Manaohong’ (Prunus pseudocerasus Lindl.), an economically valuable cultivar in Guizhou Province, to TBC was investigated using a six-month pot experiment. The TBC facilitated photosynthesis and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and manganese, and further promoted the plant growth. In addition, accumulation of endogenous phytohormones was affected. Higher level of indoleacetic acid, gibberellin A3, zeatin and lower level of abscisic acid were observed in TBC. In combination with high-throughput sequencing, the activation of indoleacetic acid and inactivation of abscisic acid signal transductions were detected at gene level, which further backed up the assumption that phytohormone signaling was affected by TBC addition. Moreover, according to our proposed pathway, majority genes for flavonoid biosynthesis were upregulated indicating that flavonoids were highly synthesized in roots in response to TBC, which reshaped the rhizosphere bacterial community by allowing growth-promoting bacteria to burgeon and suggested labile organic carbon fraction was the powerful factor for rhizosphere bacterial community shift. The results of our study partially explain the underlying mechanism of biochar-mediated growth promotion and provide crucial information for application of biochar on plants with high economic value.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    FaLEC2 repressing FaLOX2 promoter involved in the metabolism of LOX-derived volatiles during strawberry ripening

    Li L.Xu Y.Li D.Li G....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway is the key and the most important pathway for the metabolism of fruit volatile. However, the transcription mechanism of the LOX pathway is still obscure in non-climacteric fruit. In order to identify the transcription factor involved in LOX-derived volatile metabolism, RNA sequencing and metabolome were used to profile strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Correlation analysis shows that the expression of FaLOX2 was negatively correlated with the hexanal content (r = ?0.985). The RY element that specifically bound by the B3 domain transcription factors, are found in FaLOX2 promoter. B3 domain-containing transcription factors including LEAFY COTYLEDON2 (LEC2)–ABI3–VAL (LAV, 3), RELATED TO ABI3 and VP1 (RAV, 18), AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF, 13), and REPRODUCTIVE MERISTEM (REM, 9) are identified. It is noticed that FaLEC2 expression is negatively correlated with (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal content (r = ?1.000). Yeast one-hybrid analysis and dual-luciferase analysis suggest that FaLEC2 transcriptionally represses the activity of FaLOX2 promoter. Moreover, FaLEC2 expression level is negatively correlated with FaLOX2 expression (r = ?0.956). Here, our demonstration that FaLEC2 trans-represses the activity of the FaLOX2 promoter provides evidence that FaLEC2 directly controls a transcriptional program for LOX-derived volatile metabolism in strawberries.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    24-epibrassinolide enhances mango resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides via activating multiple defense response

    Song Y.Hu C.Xue Y.Gu J....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Brassinosteroids (BRs) are natural steroidal phytohormones that regulate many essential processes of plant growth, development and responses to stress. However, the role of BRs in the defense response against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in mango fruit remains largely unknown. This study investigated the resistance against C. gloeosporioides and the possible mechanisms of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) in mango fruit. Results showed 1 μmol L?1 EBR effectively reduced the disease incidence and disease severity on mango fruit after inoculating with C. gloeosporioides. However, EBR had no direct antifungal activity against C. gloeosporioides in vitro test. EBR significantly improved the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), chitinase (CHT), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), β-1,3-glucanase (GLU) and 4-hydroxycinnamate CoA ligase (4CL), as well as the accumulation of flavonoids, lignin and total phenolics in mango fruit. EBR treatment also increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content in mango fruit at early storage stage after inoculation, while increased catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities with low reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in later storage stage. Besides, EBR treatment markedly reduced the changes in pectin methylesterase (PME) and polygalacturonase (PG) activities, which slowed down the hydrolysis of pectin, thus maintaining cell wall integrity. The principal component analysis indicated that EBR treatment was strongly associated with the increase of defense enzyme activities and metabolite contents and the inhibition of pectin hydrolysis. These results indicated that exogenous EBR could be a promising strategy to increase resistance against C. gloeosporioides in mango fruit by improving the defense responses against pathogens.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Transcriptomic analysis reveals key genes regulating organic acid synthesis and accumulation in the pulp of Litchi chinensis Sonn. cv. Feizixiao

    Hai-zhi L.Xiao-kai L.Jing-jia D.Jun-jie P....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.To investigate the gene expression characteristics and patterns of organic acid synthesis and accumulation in the pulp of Litchi chinensis Sonn. cv. Feizixiao (FZX), 16-year-old Feizixiao litchi trees were used as the experimental material, and the dynamic changes in the main organic acids in the pulp were determined for two years. RNA sequencing was carried out when the total acids in the pulp changed drastically 35, 50 and 73 d after anthesis in 2020 to discover the molecular mechanism of the synthesis and accumulation of different organic acids in pulp. The results indicate that tartaric acid and malic acid were the main organic acids in pulp. The RNA-seq contained 165,886 transcripts, and 12 176, 19 835 and 5 048 DEGs were observed in the 35 d vs. 50 d, 35 d vs. 73 d and 50 d vs. 73 d groups, respectively. These expressed transcripts of organic acid metabolism were significantly enriched in correlated pathways, including glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, citric acid cycle (TCA cycle), and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. In this paper, 75 genes of the enzymes related to organic acid metabolic pathways were screened, and these enzymes included PEPC, MDH, ME, CS, IDH and ACO. Ten unigenes were selected to confirm by real-time PCR, and the linear regression between the RNA-Seq results and real-time PCR data was significant (r = 0.8637). In addition, the expression of PEPC and ACO genes was consistent with the content of citric acid, the expression of the CS gene increased with time, and the change in expression of the MDH gene was similar to that of the malic acid content, while the expression of the ME gene showed an opposite trend. Therefore, it was possible to regulate acid accumulation in pulp by regulating the expression of key genes related to pathways such as the TCA cycle, and then the comprehensive fruit quality was regulated.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Fruit quality of ‘Gala’ and ‘Fuji’ apples cultivated under different environmental conditions

    Argenta L.C.Brancher T.L.do Amarante C.V.T.de Freitas S.T....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.This study evaluated the effect of growing site environmental conditions on apple fruit quality. Experimental orchards with ‘Gala’ and ‘Fuji’ apple strains were established in the subtropical humid climate in Southern Brazil, between 26° and 28°S, in the growing sites of S?o Joaquim, Ca?ador and Vacaria, located 1415, 960, and 971 m, respectively, above sea level. Fruit quality was assessed at harvest and after storage from the 5th through 8th year after planting. At each growing site, ‘Gala’ apples were harvested at one maturity stage and stored in a controlled atmosphere (CA). ‘Fuji’ apples were harvested at two maturity stages, with early harvested fruit stored in air and late harvested fruit stored in CA. For the S?o Joaquim site compared with those of Ca?ador and Vacaria, average temperature during the growing season was lower whereas the number of winter chilling hours and the number of days from bloom to harvest were higher. Fruit weight and red skin area were higher and russeting skin index lower in fruit from the coldest site (S?o Joaquim) for both cultivars. At harvest, flesh firmness and starch index of fruit from the coldest site were higher or the same as those of the warmest sites (Ca?ador and Vacaria), depending on cultivar and harvest date. The rate of flesh firmness loss during storage was greater in fruit from the coldest growing site for both cultivars and harvest maturities. Titratable acidity (TA) and soluble solids content (SSC) in fruit from the warmest site were higher or the same as the fruit from the coldest site, depending on when fruit analysis were performed. Although ‘Gala’ apples produced in all three growing sites were equally affected by external fungal decay, fruit from the warmest site had the highest incidence of Glomerella cingulata spot. ‘Fuji’ apples produced in the coldest site had the highest length/diameter ratio and watercore index at harvest and developed more CO2 injury and diffuse flesh browning. External fungal decay index for ‘Fuji’ was the same for the three growing sites for fruit harvested at early maturity, but the decay index was higher for fruit from the warmest site when harvested at an advanced maturity. The study shows the influence of environmental conditions on apple fruit growth and development and the need to adjust production and storage practices to achieve high fruit quality based on pre-harvest environment.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Dynamics of spatial and temporal growth of the root system of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) under nitrogen levels in sandy soil in subtropical climate

    Kulmann M.S.D.S.de Souza R.O.S.Stefanello L.O.Tassinari A....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Nitrogen (N) supply to the soil via fertilization can influence important processes of the root system growth, which can increase N uptake and, consequently, the shoot growth. In this context, the study aimed to evaluate how the application of N levels can affect the dynamics of spatial and temporal growth of the root system of grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) in sandy soil and subtropical climate. ‘Alicante Bouschet’ grapevines, grafted on ‘Paulsen 1103’ rootstock, implanted in 2011. The N addition were: Low N: control (without the N addition; 0 kg N ha?1 year?1); Medium N (40 kg N ha?1 year?1); and High N (100 kg N ha?1 year?1). The study was carried out during 2016/17 and 2017/18 crop seasons. N concentration in the leaves and morphological parameters of fine roots were evaluated using the minirhizotron technique. The addition of Medium N and High N significantly increased the values ??of the total surface area of ??live fine roots and the total number of live and dead fine roots, at 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm soil depth, in both crop seasons evaluated. The addition of Medium N and High N also directly influenced the production rates of live fine roots, with patterns of seasonal changes, especially increased in the flowering stage of the grapevines. This occurs due to the increase in the physiological demand of growing plant tissues, such as new roots, leaves and fruits.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Biochar promotes the growth of apple seedlings by adsorbing phloridzin

    Liu Y.Ma Z.Wang Y.Chen R....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Apple replant disease (ARD) has been reported in all major apple-growing regions of the world, and abiotic (phenolic compounds including phloridzin) and biological (bacteria, fungi and nematode) factors are important causes of ARD. This study aimed to assess the effect of phloridzin adsorption on biochar pyrolyzed at different temperatures and the effectiveness of biochar addition on the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings under phloridzin stress. Three biochar treatments were considered (BC300, BC400 and BC500), pyrolyzed at three different temperatures (300°C, 400°C and 500°C, respectively). Batch adsorption experiments revealed that BC300 had the maximum adsorption efficiency. The BC300 treatment was then selected for isotherm and kinetic fitting to investigate the influence of pH on the adsorption process and determine the phloridzin adsorption mechanism. The biochar was found to have a single-layer phloridzin adsorption effect, and the adsorption rate was related to the biochar concentration and pyrolysis temperature. A outdoorpot experiment was conducted to analyze the biochar adorption to phloridzin in soil. Phloridzin addition significantly inhibited seedling growth and biochar significantly reduced the soil phloridzin content. BC300 had the best adsorption effect of the three biochar treatments. Compared with the replant soil (CK), biochar (especially BC300) increased the biomass of the seedlings and the antioxidant enzyme activity in the leaves. The soil enzyme activity, organic matter and bacteria numbers increased significantly after biochar addition. The best seedling growth and soil conditions were found for BC300. These results reveal that biochar addition can significantly reduce the phloridzin content and promote seedlings growth, and the effectiveness of the biochar depends on the pyrolysis temperature.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier