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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Recent advances in seed priming strategies for enhancing planting value of vegetable seeds

    Thakur M.Tiwari S.Anand A.Kataria S....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Vegetable crops benefit from seed priming technology by their low volume and high value. Early sowing of vegetables under suboptimal environments is practised often to fetch better remuneration in the market, although simultaneously it compels the farmers to use high seed rates to compensate for poor seedling emergence. To tackle this problem, farmers and seed companies world over practice on-farm and wet/dry priming techniques of seeds as it facilitates synchrony in flowering and fruiting, resulting in improved yields. The various priming strategies used for seed treatment are classified into: conventional/invasive (hydro-, osmo-, hormonal, halo-, solid matrix, nutrient, bio- or nano-priming) and physical/non-invasive (magneto, UV-irradiation, γ-radiation, cold plasma, electron and laser priming). The farmers can reap the benefits of seed priming as it minimizes (i) the time for plant emergence, (ii) expense of re-seeding, (iii) additional irrigation and fertilization, (iv) weed management, (v) ineffectiveness of cultural practices used on a stand of non-uniform growth. This review discusses the recent details about various seed priming techniques used for the enhancement of germination rate as well as vigor in vegetable crops. The biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying the priming effects have also been comprehensively reviewed to explain the scientific basis of the technology.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Economic micropropagation of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and evaluation of in vitro cultures in order to improve steviol glycosides

    Rezvankhah M.Askari H.Tohidfar M.Rezadoost H....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves produce a considerable amount of zero-calorie sweetener, which is 300 times sweeter than sucrose. S. rebaudiana is a self-incompatible plant that generates a few seeds with weak germination. The present study was aimed to introduce an economic protocol for micropropagation of S. rebaudiana. By eliminating the rooting culture medium in this study, the production cost has decreased by approximately 34%. The sensory characteristics were determined by the ratio of rebaudioside A to stevioside as the main steviol glycosides. In this study S. rebaudiana tissue with a rebaudioside A to stevioside ratio of 3.76 was produced in a bioreactor by applying 0.02 mg/l NAA and 0.05 mg/l BAP. The flavor of this plant tissue was better than the shoots grown in field conditions. In cell suspension, the amount of stevioside was higher than that of rebaudioside A, and no improvement in steviol glycosides was observed. In addition, the hairy root formation conditions were also optimized in this study, by using A4, ATCC15834, and LBA9402 strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes for leaf and stem explants using two transformation methods including co-culture and injection. The highest transformation rate (60%) was observed using the ATCC15834 strain and injection method in leaf tissue. This transformation rate has not been observed in previous studies. In some hairy roots, stevioside and rebaudioside A were detected, and in two samples of the hairy roots the amount of rebaudioside A was higher than stevioside. The use of genetic engineering and biotechnology could considerably increase the quality and quantity of steviol glycosides and improve the taste of S. rebaudiana.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Computer vision model for estimating the mass and volume of freshly harvested Thai apple ber (Ziziphus mauritiana L.) and its variation with storage days

    Mansuri S.M.Gautam P.V.Jain D.Nickhil C....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The physical properties of fruits are proportional to their mass and volume; this connection is used to determine the fruit qualities and in designing the novel postharvest machinery. The present study aimed to forecast the mass and volume of Thai apple ber (Ziziphus mauritiana L.) as a function of its physical properties measured using image processing techniques at different stages of ripening (1st day, 4th day, 7th day, and 10th day). The mass and volume models developed and analyzed the single variable regression, multilinear regressions, and mass regression based on volume. Among these models, linear support vector machine (SVM) was found appropriate. The experimental data analysis showed that the R2 of the linear SVM model for mass and volume of the projected area were 0.955 and 0.965, respectively. In contrast, for the multilinear regression model, R2 values were 0.967 and 0.972, respectively. For the mass prediction model, the R2 was 0.970 based on calculated volume showing a linear relationship. Thus, it was concluded that real-time measurement of physical properties of Thai apple ber using an image-processing technique to estimate the mass and volume is a precise and accurate approach.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Quality enhancement and shelf-life elongation of postharvest Pleurotus tuoliensis through sealed packaging

    Li R.-R.Zheng Q.-W.Xu Z.Zou Y....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The effectiveness of sealed packaging treatment by investigating firmness, weight loss, the browning index (BI), the respiration rate, chemical composition, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and activity of metabolic enzymes and the useless of a series of perforated packaging treatments according to the geometric sequence 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 by studying firmness, weight loss, BI for Pleurotus tuoliensis were demonstrated. The results showed that perforated packaging was not applicable for the preservation of P. tuoliensis, while the sealed packaging treatment effectively reduced the weight loss, browning degree, and respiration rate of P. tuoliensis. Meanwhile, the sealed packaging could maintain the firmness of P. tuoliensis, inhibit the activity of metabolic enzymes, reduce the accumulation of MDA/total phenols, and delay the degradation of the soluble protein and polysaccharides. Using sealed packaging could extend the shelf life of P. tuoliensis to more than 10 days at 15℃, and more than 6 days at 25℃. These results indicated that oxygen was a decisive factor in the softening and browning of P. tuoliensis, which can provide appropriate guidance for the preservation of P. tuoliensis.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    VyCAS, a calcium sensing receptor from the Chinese wild Vitis yeshanensis, confers drought tolerance in transgenic V. vinifera

    Cui X.Zhang P.Chen C.Zhang J....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The calcium sensing receptor (CAS) plays an important role in plant growth and development and resistance to abiotic stresses. In this study, a VyCAS gene was cloned from the accession 'Yanshan-1′, an extremely drought-tolerant Chinese wild Vitis yeshanensis. To gain insight into the roles of VyCAS, we overexpressed it in the V. vinifera cultivar 'Thompson Seedless' by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation and obtained three transgenic grape lines. Compared with the wild type (WT), the transgenic lines were less damaged by drought, and had lower transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, electrolyte leakage, H2O2 and O2? accumulations but higher leaf relative water content, photosynthetic water use efficiency, CAT, POD and SOD activities. Meanwhile, after drought, the transcript levels of some drought-related genes (RD22, DREB2A, NAC72, SRK2A, CBL1, and CYP707A2) in the transgenic lines were much higher than in the WT. Taken together, these results show that VyCAS can improve the drought tolerance of transgenic grapevine. Further experiments confirmed that Arabidopsis with a CAS mutation was more sensitive to drought than the WT. In addition, VyMYB59, a negative regulator of the promoter of VyCAS gene, was screened by the yeast one-hybrid, luciferase and GUS activity assays. This will help us to further explore the drought tolerance mechanism of VyCAS and provide a new thought for the following research.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Contents of nitrogen compounds during bud break and peach tree performance in response to budburst-inducing products

    Ferreira R.B.Leonel S.Lima G.P.P.Leonel M....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The growth of peach orchards in subtropical regions depends on the minimal requirements for chilling accumulation, and crop loading requires sprays of chemical compounds to overcome dormancy, induce bud break, and allow adequate flowering and fruiting. The ability of hydrogen cyanamide, nitrogen fertilizer and calcium nitrate to break the dormancy of ‘BRS Kampai’ peach trees and their effects on nitrogen, tryptophan, and polyamine contents in buds were evaluated. Furthermore, budburst, flowering, fruit set percentage, flowering period, tree performance, and bioactive compound content in the fruits were assessed. The study was undertaken in S?o Paulo state, a subtropical region of southeast Brazil, and the field experiment was carried out in two crop seasons. Short flowering duration and higher percentages of budburst, flowering, and fruit setting were correlated with higher nitrogen content in vegetative buds and spermidine contents in flower buds. The better performance of hydrogen cynamide, compared with other treatments, was confirmed by the anticipation, patterning, and increase in budburst, flowering, and fruit setting, associated with high levels of spermidine in the flower buds. Hydrogen cyanamide also increases the concentration of antioxidant compounds in fruits. Hydrogen cyanamide and the combination of nitrogen fertilizer and calcium nitrate enhanced yield and production efficiency and are recommended for inducing budburst in subtropical regions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    LncRNA4504 involved in methyl jasmonate-induced resistance to Botrytis cinerea in postharvest tomato fruit

    Fu X.Li J.Min D.Zhao X....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Our previous study screened a long non-coding RNA, lncRNA4504, whose expression was largely increased responding to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment in tomato fruit. However, the roles of lncRNA4504 in MeJA-induced fruit resistance remains unclear. Here, lncRNA4504 was silenced using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) to investigate its function in MeJA-mediated defense responses to Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) in tomato fruit. The data showed that tomato fruit treated with MeJA (0.05 mmol L?1, 12 h) exhibited lower disease symptoms, and higher total phenols and flavonoids contents and defensive enzymes activities, as well as higher transcripts of pathogenesis-related genes (SlPR1 and SlPR-STH2) than control fruit during storage. In addition, MeJA treatment also promoted the transcripts of genes related to jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis (SlLOXD, SlAOS and SlAOC) and its signal transduction (SlMYC2 and SlCOI1) along with increased endogenous JA content compared to control. However, lncRNA4504 silence almost counteracted the effects of MeJA on the above indexes, leading to higher disease incidence and lesion diameter in (lncRNA4504-silenced + MeJA) group than those in MeJA group. These findings indicated that lncRNA4504 may play vital roles in the tomato disease resistance induced by MeJA, possibly by promoting the accumulation of total phenols and total flavonoids, enhancing defense enzyme activities, and upregulating the expression of JA signal pathway genes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Three stress-responsive NAC transcription factors, Pp-SNACs, differentially and synergistically regulate abiotic stress in pear

    Bai S.Ahmad M.Alabd A.Gao Y....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.NAC proteins contribute to regulate diverse plant developmental processes and tolerances to biotic and abiotic stresses. In pear, limited reports are available about the transcriptional regulations of PpNACs during abiotic stress signaling. The transcriptome of Pyrus ussuriensis in response to cold stress (4 °C) for 5 h and 12 h revealed some differentially expressed NAC genes. We found three putative NAC genes, PpNAC88, PpNAC92, and PpNAC130, from subgroup-3D (stress responsive NAC subgroup in pear) that were differentially expressed during cold stress in pear. At the same time, RNA-seq of Pyrus betulaefolia under salt stress also revealed high RPKM values of these Pp-NACs. Further, these PpNACs, PpNAC88/92/130, were named Pp-SNACs due to their phylogenetic group with well-known SNACs (stress-responsive NACs) in other crops. qRT-PCR revealed that all Pp-SNACs were significantly and differentially expressed in response to cold and salt stresses, similar to stress-responsive genes, PpCOR47/15A/RD29A/KIN. High transcript abundances of all PpSNACs along with the PpABF2/ABF3/RD29A/COR15A (ABA and stress-responsive genes) were also observed during ABA treatment to both pear calli and explants. Furthermore, luciferase and Y1H assays revealed the transcriptional regulations of Pp-SNACs on PpCOR47/15A/RD29A promoters, while PpNAC88 and PpNAC130 both, in-vivo and in-vitro, can regulate the promoter of PpCOR15A. Conversely, we also found that PpNAC88 and PpNAC130 also make protein complex, and the combination of PpNAC88 and PpNAC130 synergistically regulates the PpCOR15A promoter, which may highlight multidirectional regulations of these Pp-SNACs during abiotic stress in the pear.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Transcriptomic and physiological analyses reveal the acquisition of somatic embryogenesis potential in Agapanthus praecox

    Yue J.Du C.Teng Y.Dong Y....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is an ideal cell model for plant cell totipotency study. The poor frequency of embryogenic callus (EC) induction limits the application of SE in many plants, such as Agapanthus praecox. Herein, we performed transcriptomic and physiological analyses with different callus (Ca) differentiation directions (SE and organogenesis) and stages (initial SE and repetitive SE) to better understand the physiological and molecular characteristics of the acquisition of embryogenic potential in A. praecox. A number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly related to plant hormonal signaling transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses. Compared to Ca, DEGs including heat shock protein, isoamylase, histone H4, alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase, and sucrose synthase substantially changed expression levels in EC formation. Corresponding to DEGs, physiological indicators including indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinins, brassinosteroids, ethylene, abscisic acid, ROS, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide dismutase, catalase, starch and sucrose may be responsible for the acquisition of embryogenic potential in A. praecox. Moreover, plant growth regulators, carbon source combination, osmotic regulating substance, and DNA methylation inhibitors in the culture medium significantly affected the acquisition of SE potential. Altogether, our results suggested that plant hormone signal regulation, starch and sucrose metabolism, ROS scavenging, chromatin accessibility and DNA methylation jointly contributed to the activation of embryogenic ability in A. praecox.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    RNA sequencing reveals that cell wall, Ca2+, hypersensitive response and salicylic acid signals are involved in pear suspension cells responses to Valsa pyri infection

    Duo H.Yu H.Sun E.Zhao D....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Pear, one of the staple fruit crops in the world, is under threat from Valsa pyri (Vp) infection. Investigations of the molecular mechanisms underlying pear resistance against Vp infection are largely limited. Using RNA sequencing, we investigated the global gene expression profiles of suspension cells from the resistant rootstock ‘Duli-03′ (Pyrus betulifolia Bunge) and a susceptible cultivar ‘Yuluxiang’ (P. bretschneideri Rehd.) in response to Vp infection. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) mainly involved in “Cell wall biosynthesis”, “Signal transduction”, “Plant–pathogen interaction”, “Plant hormone signal transduction”, etc., were studied. Further investigations revealed that genes associated with cell wall, Ca2+, hypersensitive response (HR), defense response, and salicylic acid (SA) participated in pear responses to Vp signals. Functional analysis revealed that defense-related genes PbeKCS1/10-1 and PbeMPK4-1 positively regulated Vp resistance in pear fruit, whereas four TGACG motif binding factor (TGA) genes played a negative regulatory role.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier