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South African Journal of Botany
Bureau for Scientific Publications, Foundation for Education, Science and Technology
South African Journal of Botany

Bureau for Scientific Publications, Foundation for Education, Science and Technology

0254-6299

South African Journal of Botany/Journal South African Journal of BotanySCIISTP
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    Identification of six novel microalgal strains and characterization of its potential for development of high-value compounds

    Huang M.-M.Xin X.Shi H.-L.Lin Y.-M....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 SAABIn this study, six microalgae strains were isolated from samples collected in alpine regions, identified by 18S rRNA and rbcL gene sequencing, and assessed for their ability to produce biodiesel and high-value compounds. The six strains were isolated from three alpine regions (Daqing, Zhaodong and Zhalong Salt Lake). Phylogenetic neighbor-joining analysis indicated that the strains designated as HDA01, HDA04, and HDA07 belong to the genus Chlorella sp., HDA03 to the genus Scenedesmus sp., HDA05 to the genus Micractinium sp., and HDA06 to the genus Desmodesmus sp. Biomass productivity, lipid yield, fatty acid profiles and other indexes were evaluated to assess whether these strains have potential applications. Chlorella sp. HDA04 has potential as a biodiesel producer, based on its high biomass productivity (3.95±0.05 gL?1), high lipid productivity (472.99±18.97 mg L?1d?1), and its fatty acid profiles which meets European standards for biodiesel. Chlorella sp. HDA07 accumulates a high α-linolenic acid (ALA) content (26.12% of total lipids), which makes this strain potentially suitable for production of this high-value product.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Foliar application of sodium silicate mitigates drought stressed leaf structure in corn (Zea mays L.)

    Bijanzadeh E.Barati V.Egan T.P.
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021A hydroponic study of maize cv. SC 705 was performed to determine the effectiveness of 1.0 mM sodium silicate to alleviate drought stress. Measurements were taken between 5 and 100 mm above the base of the third leaf. Stress negatively affected all growth parameters. As a general trend, a 1.0 mM Na2SiO3 foliar application increased growth parameters for stressed, but not un-stressed plants, compared to the control. Leaf cross sectional area increased 35%, and midrib area decreased 25% less than in untreated stressed plants, compared to the control. Protoxylem area in treated, drought-stressed plants increased by 40%, and Si application increased xylem in non-stressed plants compared to the control. In drought stressed seedlings the stomatal area increased 24% when Si treated compared to the control. In drought stressed plants, electrolytic leakage decreased from 0.64 to 0.52% when Si treated. Membrane stability increased 12% in drought stressed plants when Si treated. When drought stressed plants were Si treated, chlorophyll a increased by 35%, chlorophyll b increased by 31%, and carotenoids increased by 51% compared to the control. Drought stressed plants had a relative water content 15% higher than non-treated plants, and leaf elongation rate increased 33%, compared to the control. Compared to the control, drought stressed plants had a 20% higher K+ and 38% higher Ca2+ level when treated with Si. These data strongly support the hypothesis that foliar Si application could mitigate the effects of drought stress. Growth improvements could be correlated with increased K+ and Ca2+ accumulation, which may play an important role in increased midrib cross-sectional area, RWC, and third-leaf elongation under drought stress. Foliar application of Si could be a low cost, easy, and effective way to improve seedling establishment in corn affected by drought early in the season.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Screening of ethnomedicinal plants for their antifungal and nematicidal activities against soil-borne phytopathogens

    FarzanaAbid M.Hussain F.
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 SAABThis study contributes to the screening of antifungal and nematicidal activities of some ethnomedicinal plants against soil-inhabiting phytopathogens. The plant possesses natural remarkable antifungal and nematicidal activities due to the presence of phenols, alkaloids, tannins, protein, saponins, glycosides, triterpenoids, flavonoids, amino acids and carbohydrates in its different parts. In this present scenario, fifteen ethnomedicinal plants Allium sativum, Annona squamosa, Caesalpinia bonduc, Capsicum annuum, Cassia fistula, Catharanthus roseus, Cleome viscosa, Gliricidia sepium, Lawsonia inermis, Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum sanctum, Parthenium hysterophorus, Piper betel, Polyalthia longifolia and Tephrosia purpurea were tested for in vitro antifungal and nematicidal activities against Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Meloidogyne javanica causative and soil-inhabiting destructive diseases. Out of fifteen plant extract examined, three exhibited remarkable antifungal and nematicidal activities against soil-borne phytopathogens by mortality test and poisoned food technique. Piper betel, Allium sativum and Cassia fistula showed 85 to 98% inhibition of mycelial growth of fungi while the same plant extracts at the concentrations of 5 and 10% showed 76 to 98% mortality and egg hatchability rates 72 h after treatment. The current results indicated that selected ethnomedicinal plants have the influence of nematicidal and antifungal activities and can be utilized as natural agents to the management of soil-borne phytopathogens and thereby reducing the dependence on synthetic compounds.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Biocompatibility of Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum melongena which developed in heavy metals polluted soils

    Alamer K.H.Attia H.Alrobaie H.S.Hamad A.A....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 SAABResponse of Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum melongena to different HMs concentration in various types of soil matrix has been studied in greenhouse experiments over the course of 11 months. Nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) concentrations in examined soils have been founded within the permissible value for agricultural soil prescribed by FAO. Cadmium has been founded to be the most extractable metal from soil matrix with percent soil remediation reached to 66% and 60% for S. lycopersicum and S. melongena, respectively. Cadmium and nickel presented with higher concentrations in roots than in other parts of tomato and eggplant. Metals Cu, Ni, Co, Zn, and Cd have been recorded in tomato and eggplant fruits with a concentration far exceed the internationally permitted concentrations, and their concentrations have been founded to be correlated with increasing their concentrations in soil matrix. Metals Zn, Ni, and Cu have been showed a lower Bioconcentration factor (BCF) values than Cd and Co, however, they have been showed higher translocation factor for shoot (TFS) and translocation factor for fruit (TFF) values. The observed decrease in yield components of tomato and eggplant under HMs stress was in line with reduction in photosynthetic pigment content and stimulation of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). The present study was carried out to examine the biocompatibility of S. lycopersicum and S. melongena grown in different soil types contaminated with HMs for human consumption.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Bioassay-guided fractionation of Calamintha baborensis Batt. herbal extracts reveals disaccharide glucuronide as a potent antistaphylococcal compound

    Van Puyvelde L.Luyten W.Aribi I.Chemat S....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 SAABCalamintha species are frequently used in traditional medicine in Algeria as a stimulant, a tonic, an antiseptic, but also to treat digestive disorders and intestinal infections that cause diarrhea as well as pneumonia. Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of highly effective antistaphylococcal molecules from the aerial parts of Calamintha baborensis Batt., that could be responsible for the aforementioned activity. This is achieved using silica gel column chromatography, followed by semi-preparative HPLC in order to isolate active compound(s) against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus strain (Rosenbach ATCC6538). The hexane extract has exhibited the highest antibacterial activity compared to little activity in the water extract, whereas moderate effects are recorded for acetone and ethanolic extracts. Fractionation of the hexane extract by column chromatography coupled to bioassay-guided purification revealed the presence of a bactericidal agent against Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibition concentration (MIC50) of 12.4 μg.mL?1. LC-MS/MS studies suggest that the isolated compound is a disaccharide glucuronide identified as phenyl-β-D-glucuronide rhamnoside with M = 562 g.mol?1, which is reported for the first time in Calamintha species. The predicted enzymatic inhibition potential explains in part the mode of action of the isolated compound in bacterial growth inhibition.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effect of ethanol, putresciene and acetic acid on cadmium accumulation and toxicity in Indian mustard

    Chowardhara B.Saha B.Borgohain P.Kityania S....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 SAABRapid increase in the accumulation of Cd in plants interrupt with metabolism thus inhibiting the growth and development. Hence, finding a remedy for Cd detoxification and improvement of plant's tolerability to metal toxicity is crucial. In this report, we investigate the differential responses to putrescine (PU), ethanol (ET) and acetic acid (AA) on Cd toxicity in conditions of metal aggregation and stress permissiveness in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Brassica juncea seedlings (12 day-old) were dealt with Cd (0.5 mM CdCl2) alone and in combinations of PU (0.5 mM), 0.3% and 0.6% of ET and AA (250 μM) in hydroponic culture for three days. The enhancement in Cd concentration in the plant system induced reduction in growth, biomass and chlorophyll content due to heightened oxidative damage (raised malondialdehyde, MDA content; hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 level) and gradual decrease in antioxidant defense. Cd treatment along with application of PU, ET and AA enhances growth of the plants as quantitated by biomass; represses oxidative damage; increases ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione reductase, GR; glutathione-S-transferase, GST; catalase, CAT; guaciol peroxidase, POX; glutathione peroxidase, GPx; polyphenol peroxidase, PPO; ascorbate peroxidase, APx; monodehydroascorbate reducatase, MDHAR and dehydroascorbate reductase, DHAR. Results indicated that PU, ET and AA plays a vital role in mustard seedlings by mitigating Cd toxicity and increasing the stress tolerance, through upregulating the antioxidant defense systems. Amelioration of heavy metal stress by ET and AA is being reported for the first time in this report. Although PU has been found to be the best among the three the ameliorating capacity of PU and AA are almost similar.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Consequences of copper and lead stress on biochemical properties and mitotic chromosomal behavior of two thelypteroid ferns and their potential in tolerance of those metals

    Pal N.Sukul S.
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 SAABThe present study was undertaken to investigate the consequences of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) stress on biochemical properties and mitotic chromosomal behavior of Thelypteris interrupta (Wild.) K. lwats and Thelypteris dentata (Forssk.) E. P. St. John. and their efficiency to accumulate and tolerate those metals. The plants were planted in pots containing different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 mg kg?1) of Cu and Pb salts in the soil and were incubated for 20 weeks. Cu and Pb accumulation by both the ferns was found to be increased with increasing metal concentrations. In case of T. interrupta, maximum accumulation of Cu and Pb in the above ground part found were 68.73 mg kg?1 DW and 35.87 mg kg?1 DW respectively while in the underground part they were 127 mg kg?1 DW and 215.4 mg kg?1 DW. On the other hand, T. dentata had maximum Cu and Pb accumulation in the above ground part were 35.5 mg kg?1 DW 44.87 mg kg?1 DW, and in the underground part, they were recorded as 117.2 and 184 mg kg?1 DW respectively. A gradual increase in antioxidative enzymes (peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase) with increasing metal dose was observed. However, no significant change was found in case of catalase activity in T. interrupta. Both metals exerted a negative effect on the mitotic index of both studied ferns and resulted in different types of mitotic chromosomal abnormalities. Nonetheless, antioxidative defense system of plants got activated due to heavy metal stress condition that eventually conferred protection against oxidative stress. Both the studied ferns seemed to be good accumulators and tolerant to Cu and Pb.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Astragalus penduliflorus Lam. hairy roots: A promising biotechnological platform for obtaining anti-influenza drugs

    Novikova T.Ambros E.Kotsupiy O.Shaldaeva T....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 SAABThe rapid emergence of influenza virus A resistance to current antivirus drugs has raised an urgent need for developing safe and effective remedies based on plants. Hairy roots are considered an efficient system for the large-scale production of valuable compounds with potent antiviral activity. We have evaluated for the first time an antivirus activity in Astragalus penduliflorus Lam. hairy roots (APHRs) lines obtained from cotyledons (APHR 2), primary shoots (APHR 5), and hypocotyls (APHR 6) against influenza A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) and A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 (H5N1) subtypes. Estimation of the antiviral activity was based on the analysis of cytotoxic activity, selectivity and neutralization indexes. All tested samples demonstrated low toxicity for MDCK cell culture corresponding to the modern requirement for antiviral drugs. Index neutralization (IN) was 2.50 in APHR 2, 28 d extract against H3N2 subtype, whereas the highest IN against H5N1 (2.25) was detected for line APHR 5 56 d The levels of selectivity index observed in APHR 5, and APHR 6 were higher in comparison with APHR 2, corresponding to the level of antioxidants, determined by the DPPH radical scavenging assay and total antioxidant activities by amperometric method. Major phenolic compounds identified in APHRs lines extracts by HPLC analysis, including flavonoids, hydroxybenzoic, hydroxicinnamic acids, could be responsible for the antiviral activities.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-lipidemic activities of root bark extracts from Rhus tripartitum and cytotoxicity evaluation of isolated compounds

    Rekik I.Ben Ameur R.Allouche N.Ayadi W....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 SAABThis study was undertaken to investigate anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-lipidemic activities of three extracts from Rhus tripartitum root bark prepared by solvents with increasing polarity (hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol). Our result demonstrated that the n-butanol extract is endowed with the highest phenolic content 872.503 ± 0.788 mg (GAE)/g Extract, flavonoid content 325.19±0.294 mg(QE)/g Extract and tannin content 698.99± 0.605 mg(CE)/g Extract. In addition this extract was found to exhibit the highest anti-oxidant activity using DPPH radical-scavenging (IC50 = 0.008 mg/ml), ferric-reducing power (IC50=0.844 mg/ml), total antioxidant capacity concentration (756.758±0.940 mg (GAE)/g Extract) and nitric oxide radical scavenging (IC50 = 0.01 mg/ml) assays. Mean while, the ethyl acetate extract present the best anti-diabetic activity (30.11%) and anti-lipidemic activity (49.79%). Three compounds were isolated for the first time from the ethyl acetate extract of Rhus tripartitum and identified using extensive spectral techniques (MS, NMR 1D and 2D). The in vitro cytotoxic activity of isolated compounds on MCF-7 cells positive breast cancer cell line was investiguated. One of the isolated compounds present the interesting growth inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cell.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    UV-induced physiological changes and biochemical characterization of mycosporine-like amino acid in a rice-field cyanobacterium Fischerella sp. strain HKAR-13

    Singh V.Pandey A.RajneeshKumar D....
    17页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 SAABMycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are valuable secondary metabolite with notable photoprotective potential. The present study investigateS the imрасts of рhоtоsynthetiс асtive rаdiаtiоn (РАR) and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on various physiological processes in the cyanobacterium Fischerella sp. strain HKAR-13. Cell viability was reduced by 36 and 65% after 72h of exроsure to РАR+UV-А (PA) and РАR+UV-А+UV-B (PAB) radiations respectively. Significant decline in Chl a content was observed during PA and PAB exposure after 36h. Carotenoid content increased significantly after 48h of exposure, thereafter began to decline. Cultures exposed to PAB showed maximum detrimental effect on protein synthesis. In PAB and PA, the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased significantly. Fluorescence microscopic images of cyanobacteria revealed generation of ROS in UVR as indicated by increase in green fluorescence. Besides, Fischerella sp. strain HKAR-13 was also tested for the рresenсe of MААs and their induction under UVR. UV-Vis spectrophotometry and high-рerfоrmаnсe liquid сhrоmаtоgrарhy аnаlyses revealed the рresenсe of a MAA having absorption maxima λmax 334 nm and retention time of 1.5 min. Maximum induction of MAA was found in samples exposed to PAB followed by PA. Based on electrospray ionization-mass sрeсtrоsсорy (m/z: 333+1), fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resоnаnсe sрeсtrоsсорy, the MAA was identified as shinorine. Shinorine was found to be highly stable under some abiotic stress factors such as UV-B, temperature and H2O2. It also showed efficient antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner as depicted by in vitro antioxidant assays.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier