查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the foremost forage legume crop worldwide for diary production and ecological balance. Salinity has become a crucial factor affecting crop productivity. Plant unique homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) transcription factors are reported to play significant roles in abiotic stress signaling transduction and regulation. This study was conducted to elucidate the regulatory roles of an alfalfa HD-Zip I transcription factor, Medicago sativa homeobox 7 (MsHB7), on salt stress response. MsHB7 was indicated to be located in nucleus with transactivation activity. Expression pattern analysis revealed that MsHB7 was induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and salt (NaCl) stress. Enhanced salt sensitivity in MsHB7-overexpressing alfalfa was reflected by the morphological and physiological performances. In addition, genes regarding antioxidation (MspxdC and MsCatalase4) and ABA response (MsABI1 and MsSnRK2.6) were down-regulated in MsHB7-overexpressing alfalfa compared with wild type. These data suggested that MsHB7 played a negative role on alfalfa salt stress regulation, which could be through repressing expressions of ABA-responsive genes, MsABI1 and MsSnRK2.6, and antioxidant enzyme coding genes, MspxdC and MsCatalase4. This study could enlarge knowledge of alfalfa HD-Zip I gene regulation mechanism, and provide important strategy for salt-tolerant alfalfa breeding.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Miscanthus, a high yield and low maintenance perennial plant with a high cellulose fiber contents, is a potential feedstock for pulp production. In this study, a binary enzyme cocktail of cellulase and laccase was employed for the extraction of cellulose microfibers from miscanthus biomass. The effect of enzyme concentrations (0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, and 0.25%, w/w) for the binary enzymes (cellulase-laccase: 1:1 ratio) pre-treatments on pulp and hand-sheet materials were studied and compared with those prepared from the single enzyme (cellulase or laccase) pre-treatment. The binary enzymes concentration at 0.25% (w/w) showed the maximum extraction yield of cellulose (47.2%, w/w) and lignin (27.9%, w/w). The resulting fibers had 43.7% crystallinity, a degree of polymerization of 1435, a water retention value of 312.7%, and a crystallite size of 23.4 nm. Furthermore, the resulting fibers from binary enzymes concentration at 0.25% (w/w) exhibited a higher thermal stability and fibrillated strands than those obtained from the single enzyme pre-treatment. Hand-sheets developed from the cellulose microfibers extracted by the enzyme cocktail at 0.25% (w/w) enzyme concentration showed higher mechanical properties and water absorption capacity than those prepared from the single enzyme pre-treatment.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.The main objective of this study was to reveal the superiority of new amphipathic poly(sodium allyl sulfonate) (PSAS)/poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA) structure to control P(SAS-co-EA) structure in adhesion to cotton fibers and film properties. Another objective was to explore the effect of the grafting ratios of poly(sodium allyl sulfonate)-g-starch-g-poly(ethyl acrylate) (PSAS-g-S-g-PEA) samples on the properties, so as to provide a new starch-based adhesive for cotton warp sizing. A series of PSAS-g-S-g-PEA samples and control S-g-P(SAS-co-EA) samples were prepared, and their adhesion to cotton fibers and film properties were evaluated. The PSAS-g-S-g-PEA samples with grafting ratios of 11.33% and 9.02% showed bonding strengths of 17.54 cN/tex and 17.01 cN/tex, and their film possessed elongations at break of 4.89% and 4.53%, and bending endurances of 2000 cycles and 1598 cycles, respectively. In contrast, the S-g-P(SAS-co-EA) samples with the ratios of 10.34% and 7.98% had bonding strengths of 16.33 cN/tex and 15.91 cN/tex, and their films showed elongations at break of 4.31% and 3.95%, and bending endurances of 1541 cycles and 1323 cycles, respectively. Therefore, the combination of the PSAS and PEA branches exhibited obvious superiority in the properties to P(SAS-co-EA) structure. Increasing the grafting ratios from 0% to 11.33% could increase the bonding strength from 14.92 cN/tex to 17.54 cN/tex and elongation at break from 2.58% to 4.89%, enhance bending endurance from 1075 cycles to 2000 cycles, and reduce film strength from 38.21 MPa to 32.02 MPa. PSAS-g-S-g-PEA as a new adhesive showed potential application for sizing cotton warps.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Development of an efficient pretreatment strategy to breakdown recalcitrant lignocellulosic biomass is a crucial prerequisite for commercial success of second generation ethanol production. Pretreatment using organic solvents has huge potential to release maximum sugars from the biomass. This study showed that the modified organosolv pretreatment using high boiling point glycerol solvent and ammonia as catalyst significantly improved the saccharification yield from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) biomass. The addition of ammonia as a catalyst helped in improving the xylan recovery with partial lignin removal and reduced the severity of the pretreatment process. The optimum concentrations of glycerol and ammonia for pretreatment were found to be 51.11% (w/w) and 5.14% (w/w), respectively, using response surface optimization methodology. The saccharification of biomass pretreated with the optimized concentration of solvent at 120 °C for 1 h resulted in a maximum total sugars of 421.35 mg/g. Crude glycerol, being the byproduct of biodiesel industry, could be used as a cheaper solvent for the process. The ammoniacal glycerol pretreatment of a variety of feedstocks showed high efficiency of hydrolysis of cellulose and xylan. Simultaneous hydrolysis and co-fermentation (SSCF) of the ammoniacal glycerol pretreated biomass using fed-batch strategy for 20% (w/w) solids loading gave maximum ethanol concentration of 36 g/L. Low cellulase CTec2 dose of 4 U/g solid was used to hydrolyze 20% (w/w) solids loading along with the addition of xylanase and polyethylene glycol (PEG), which gave maximum reported cellulose digestibility of 72% for sorghum biomass. Thus, ammoniacal glycerol pretreatment using crude glycerol improved the sugar and ethanol yield from sorghum biomass, benefiting both biodiesel and bioethanol industry.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Zanthoxylum myriacanthum var. pubescens (Maqian) is an economically important plant that is widely consumed as a flavoring agent or indigenous medicine by local ethnic groups in Southwest China. The pharmacological activities, such as the anti-inflammatory activity of Maqian essential oil, have been highlighted in recent years. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo anti-influenza activities of Maqian essential oil and its major ingredient, D/L-limonene, were assessed. The Maqian essential oil and D/L-limonene were effective against the influenza A and influenza B viruses in vitro. Notably, the Maqian essential oil was highly inhibitive against the drug-resistant influenza virus strain with an EC50 of 1.87 ± 1.04 μg/ml and a selective index of 85.13. Mode-of-action analysis revealed that Maqian essential oil and D/L-limonene inhibited the influenza virus at the stage of intracellular replication. For in vivo therapeutic efficacy, both intragastric and intranasal administration of D/L-limonene protected over 50% of mice from lethal influenza virus challenge. Both infectious viral particles and viral genome RNA were decreased approximately 2-fold in the D/L-limonene-treated mice compared with the virus group. Treatment with D/L-limonene potently improved the pathological features of the influenza virus-infected mice. Analysis of the gene expression level revealed that the major proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, were significantly decreased in the D/L-limonene treated mouse lung tissues. Interestingly, we found that D-limonene was more potent than L-limonene in inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines. Transcriptome analysis revealed 32 host genes that participated in the antiviral process, most of which were related to the immune system and signal transduction. Combined with the antiviral and immunoregulatory effects of limonene, we believe that this multi-functional monoterpene has potential to become a novel candidate against influenza virus infections.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Salicylic acid is an important phytohormone, with regulation role in responses of plants to biotic and abiotic stress, especially detoxification of herbicides. For this purpose, the effect of three rates of salicylic acid (SA) (zero, 0.5, and 1 mM) and six doses of bentazon (zero, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, and 150% of recommended dose) on physiological response of valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) were evaluated in the completely randomized factorial design with three replicates. The results showed that application of bentazon, especially at high levels (125% and 150% of recommended dose, in the absence of SA, exacerbated the rate of phytotoxicity damage, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, catalase (CAT), gaiacol peroxidase (GPX), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. Exogenous application of SA positively impacted bentazon- and unbentazon-exposed (control) plants, even under elevated concentration of herbicide (50% higher than recommended dose). Highest protection of the bentazon-exposed plants was observed at 0.5 and 1 mM level of SA, respectively. Combination of exogenous application (pre-treatment) of SA and bentazon herbicide reduced MDA content compared with ones were exclusively bentazon-exposed. In addition, exogenous application of SA enhanced antioxidant enzyme system, and increased APX and GPX enzyme activity. Results of present research indicated that external application of SA could be able to increase tolerance to oxidative stress generated in bentazon-exposued plants of valerian by reducing phytotoxicity and mutating antioxidant enzymatic system and antioxidant metabolites content.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Agricultural wastes are precious biomass resources that have been misplaced. This work aims to verify the usability of Ipomoea batatas leaves for simultaneous dyeing and functional finishing (anti-bacterial and anti-ultraviolet) of textile fabrics without the use of inorganic salts and metal mordants for the cleaner production of environmentally friendly value-added products. The optimal extraction conditions for natural dye were investigated by the single-factor analysis as ethanol/water (6:4) mixed solvent system with a material-liquid ratio of 1:10, a temperature of 90 ℃, a time of 1.5 h, and a pH value of 7. The adsorption kinetics study showed that the adsorption behavior of the natural dye on silk fabric was more consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model. Meanwhile, the natural dye extracted from Ipomoea batatas leaves could be used for simultaneous salt-free dyeing and functional finishing of silk fabric and other fiber types with good color fastness, antibacterial properties and UV resistance with some durability, and the color strength in the order of wool, nylon, cotton, silk and polyester fabric. The outcome of this study can provide a possibility for the application of agricultural wastes in textile eco-dyeing and finishing, as well as the value-added management of green wastes.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Orange peel wastes, with an estimated global annual production of 25 million tonnes, are problematic to dispose of but can be used to obtain a range of valuable products, among them the main constituent of orange essential oil, D-limonene (DL). This review aims to layout recent advances in the field of DL extraction and purification. Besides substitution of the conventional solvent hexane with certain bio-based solvents, a range of techniques are presented. These include enhanced solvent extraction processes through temperature and pressure intensification or ultrasound, improved distillation most commonly using different microwave-based techniques but also enzymes, and supercritical CO2 extraction. Even though purification has been found to be the most energy-intensive and environmentally impacting step, most studies did not improve on existing centrifugation, decantation, or fractional distillation methods. Chromatography has been proven effective at obtaining high DL purities; however, it still has to be improved because of its high costs and low productivity.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Iridoid glycosides, including geniposide, geniposidic acid, and gardenoside, are the main active components of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. Their biosynthetic pathways have widely attracted researchers’ attention, but yet remain unclear. Elucidating geniposide biosynthesis would help to better define the quality of G. jasminoides plants. In this study, we performed multidimensional transcriptional and metabolic analyses of the leaves and flower buds of G. jasminoides at different developmental stages based on the chromosome-level genome. Ten putative genes involved in geniposide biosynthesis were screened based on phylogenetic analysis and the correlation of gene expression with geniposide accumulation. Two non-tandem geniposidic acid methyltransferase (GAMT) genes were cloned, and in vitro enzymatic reactions with the corresponding recombinant proteins revealed that both could catalyze the conversion of geniposidic acid into geniposide. Synteny analysis showed that these two GAMT genes were unique to G. jasminoides, suggesting the existence of a Gardenia-specific geniposide biosynthetic pathway. In summary, two novel species-specific O-methyltransferases that catalyze the last step of geniposide biosynthesis were identified. These findings will help clarify the biosynthetic pathway of iridoid glycosides and support G. jasminoides breeding.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Allium hirtifolium Boiss (Persian shallot), called “Mooseer” in Persian, as a medical and industrial species, is poor competitor against weeds. Due to high pressure on its natural habitats by harvesting for food and medicinal consumption, it is necessary to domesticate it for commercial production. There is rare information on the tolerance of A. hirtifolium to herbicide applications. In present study, the effects of 19 weed control scenario along with two weedy and weed free controls on the weeds control and yield response of A. hirtifolium were evaluated. The field experiment was conducted in two years (Autumn 2015 to Summer 2017), as randomized complete block design with three replicates. Flixweed (Descurainia sophia L.) was the dominant weed in the experimental plots in both years. Hand-weeding caused complete weed removal and resulted in the highest crop yield. Oxyfluorfen herbicide caused the highest crop phytotoxicity in both rates (180+180 and 360 g a.i. ha?1). Whereas, bentazone and oxyfluorfen produced the highest crop yield. Based on our finding, although hand-weeding had highest crop yield, post emergence application of bentazone (1200 and 1440 g a.i. ha?1), oxadiazone (360 g a.i. ha?1) and oxyfluorfen (360 g a.i. ha?1) can be suitable options for selective chemical weeds control in A. hirtifolium, due to gained acceptable yield by providing satisfactory levels of weed control and crop phytotoxicity.
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