Selling, Gordon W.Hojilla-Evangelista, Mila P.Hay, William T.Utt, Kelly D....
11页
查看更多>>摘要：This research defines the value of films made from cottonseed protein isolate (CPI). A high-quality (95% protein content) protein isolate was recovered from glandless cottonseed meal using room temperature water (pH=11), after centrifugation, acid-precipitation, washing, and freeze-drying. Formic acid (FA) was found to be a good solvent for CPI and solutions of 23% solids were made to prepare poured films. FA had not been used as a solvent for CPI previously, and it was found to be capable of forming solutions with solids concentration four times greater than previously reported solvent systems. Dissolution into FA and film production did not affect molecular weight, indicating that hydrolysis did not occur. Six reagents were evaluated as plasticizers for CPI. Of these reagents, glycerol and levulinic acid were selected for additional research. Films having between 5% and 40% plasticizer were made, and the clear, defect-free, hygroscopic films with preferred formulations had good tensile strength (TS), similar to 30 MPa with low elongation (Elo), similar to 13% at 30% relative humidity (Rh). The TS and Elo of these films were better, and had similar Young's modulus, when compared to CPI films reported earlier by other researchers. As the Rh increased, the film's Elo increased while TS decreased. The films had glass transition temperatures of similar to 110 degrees C and began to experience a high rate of degradation above 200 degrees C. The results show a significant improvement in the isolation method and formulation of CPI films with superior tensile properties compared with previous literature methodologies. These improvements are due to the quality of the protein and the use of a superior solvent. These films may ultimately be of value for food packaging applications when the Rh sensitivity is resolved.
Yang, PingguoDrohan, Patrick J.Long, HuaiYuYang, Miao...
6页
查看更多>>摘要：Plant available water can affect tobacco yield and quality, but in a greenhouse environments fluctuating water availability can be controlled. Compared with conventional irrigation (CK), typically used in greenhouse, negative pressure irrigation (NPI) can enhance water use efficiency (WUE) and nutrient uptake efficiency (NUE), while also decreasing water consumption. Pot experiments were conducted to investigate differences in CK and NPI water pressure (-5kpa, -10kpa and -15kpa) on growth, WUE, NUE, yield and quality of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Results suggest that water consumption and nutrient uptake efficiency improved with water pressure; The biomass of plant organs reflected a pattern of: leaf > stem > root. Compared with CK, NPI can improve WUE by 110.90% and decrease water consumption by 42.28%, and increase yield by 23.09%. Supply water pressure can significantly improve the flavor of Nicotiana tabacum L.. Our results suggest that NPI is a better method of irrigation for Nicotiana tabacum L. given the steadier supply of water during the growth period of tobacco.
Yahiaoui, SoniaKati, Djamel-EdineAli, Lamiaa M. A.El Cheikh, Khaled...
10页
查看更多>>摘要：The aim of the present investigation consisted in evaluating the antioxidant, cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activities of Ficus carica L. latex of three cultivars (Aberkane "ABR, " Aghanime "AGH ", and EL-bakour "ELB ") and evaluating their in vitro inhibition abilities for several enzymes as well as UPLC-MS analysis for compound identification. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by ORAC assay, the anti-inflammatory property was measured using xanthine oxidase test, enzymatic inhibition was performed against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), tyrosinase (TYR), alpha-glucosidase (alpha-GLU), and lipase, and the cytotoxicity was tested using four cell lines (CCK-45 SK, HepG-2, MCF-7, and HCT-116). The results revealed that the latex of cultivar ABR exhibited the highest ORAC (450.30 & PLUSMN; 7.67 mu mol TE/g) and anti-inflammatory activities (IC(50)533 & PLUSMN; 20 mu g/mL). This extract also showed the best inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase enzymes (64.65% and 58.88%, respectively). This was mostly related to the high levels and diversified composition of phenolics revealed by UPLC-MS (rutin, luteolin, quercetin, and chlorogenic acid). Otherwise, the latex of AGH cultivar had a high caffeic acid level and exhibited the highest alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity (53.09%), and the latex of ELB was the less active. The cytotoxic activity demonstrated that the latex of ABR cultivar was the most cytotoxic to hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines, while AGH latex was more cytotoxic against both HepG2 and colorectal HCT-116 cell lines. Alternatively, ELB extract was the most cytotoxic to the fibroblastic CCD-45 SK cell line. The principal component analysis allowed separation between analyzed latexes in the function of their phenolic composition and biological activities with distinguishing the latex of ABR cultivar as the more potent, followed by that of AGH, and then ELB one.
查看更多>>摘要：The improvement of the photothermal stability and mechanical properties for cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) is a highly desirable yet challenging research topic due to its wide applications. Featuring the 2D-organized structure and various characteristics, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) shows tremendous potential in improving the photothermal stability and mechanical properties of CNFs matrix. Herein, a series of ZnAl-LDHs nanosheets intercalated with different organic molecules were synthesized and subsequently doped into CNFs matrix for preparing CNFs/LDHs composited films. It was showed that doping UV-adsorber intercalated ZnAl-LDHs into the CNFs matrix can significantly enhance UV-shielding ability of CNFs/LDHs composited films due to the synergistic effect between organic anions and the interaction between organic anions and metal cations in LDHs laminates. And the CNFs/HUL (HUL = HALS/UV-P-LDHs) composited film exhibited outstanding UV-shielding ability (UV-shielding rate > 60%) among the considered films, which is comparable to that of the reported materials. Compared with the pristine CNFs film, compositing with HUL rendered the increasing of tensile strength from 80 to 110 MPa. The superior photothermal stability and mechanical properties of CNFs/HUL composited film highlight its great application potential in the fields of coating and packaging.
Barik, SatyaprakashPonnam, NareshReddy, Anand C.Reddy, D. C. Lakshmana...
17页
查看更多>>摘要：Pepper is a crucial vegetable as well as spice crop, fruits of which contain numerous bioactive compounds such as capsaicinoids, capsinoids, carotenoids, and oleoresin. Because of the increased demand for eco-friendly products, increasing attention has been paid toward the bioactive compounds in pepper. Hot pepper fruits have potential applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries. Thus, suitable varieties or F-1 hybrids rich in bioactive compounds must be developed, which requires breeders to have knowledge on available genetic resources, gene action, and molecular markers associated with these traits. The large variability in the bioactive compounds in hot pepper germplasm and novel generation sequencing technologies have enabled understanding, precise mapping, and marker-assisted selection through single nucleotide polymorphism markers. The present study reviews the available knowledge on various industrial applications of hot peppers, genetic resources and progress made on marker development, and breeding for industrial uses of hot pepper globally.
查看更多>>摘要：Phosphoric acid-activated lignin-based solid acid catalysts (PLSA) were prepared from lignosulfonate by phosphoric acid activation, carbonation, and sulfonation. The physicochemical properties of catalysts were determined by SEM, N-2 adsorption-desorption, FT-IR, XRD, XPS and element analysis. Masses of phosphorous-containing group were grafted on catalyst surface during phosphoric acid activation and carbonation to provide sites for subsequent -SO3H substitution. PLSA could efficiently convert cellulose residue into levulinic acid. The effects of reaction temperature, residue time, catalyst loading, substrate concentration, solvent and catalyst stability were investigated and optimized. Using PLSA as catalyst, 67.9 mol% LA yield was obtained from 4 g cellulosic residue at 190 degrees C in 150 min in MIBK/H2O-NaCl. Overall, this work provides a valuable basis for the application of lignin-based solid acid in biomass valorization.
查看更多>>摘要：Ultrahigh-density genetic mapping is used extensively for gene discovery, mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL), and assisting in crop breeding. However, genetic mapping of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) has hitherto been limited in terms of both types and resolution. In this study, 214 F1 progenies derived from a cross of IAN 873 & nbsp;x REYAN 106 were genotyped via a whole-genome resequencing-based (WGRS) approach. From the 44,438,656 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained from the genotyping, an ultrahigh-density genetic map was constructed using 203,124 SNPs, which included 2099.12 cM across eighteen linkage groups of the entire rubber tree genome. To the best of our knowledge, an ultrahigh-density genetic map of a rubber tree constructed via the WGRS approach has not yet been reported in literature. Two phenotypes associated with growth, namely, the girth at breast height (GBH) and tree height (TH), were investigated under a six-month interval. A total of six QTLs were found, in which qGBH11 and qGBH18 were detected repeatedly. Based on the physical positions of the bin markers that flank the QTLs, 47 genes identified within the qGBH11 locus, as well as the gene HB11G00752, were selected as the candidate genes that encodes ent-kaur-16-ene synthase (KS), regulating gibberellin biosynthesis. The search results for the KS gene family in the genome indicated that six out of ten KS family members were located in the qGBH11 allele. Expression analysis further shed light on the differential expressions of the KS family genes between F1 individuals having fast and slow growth. These results are expected to provide new insight into the genomic regions that control growth in rubber trees, and also facilitate the development of more effective approaches for breeding fast-growing timber latex clones.
查看更多>>摘要：To improve the yield of secondary metabolites and understand the effects of PEG-induced drought stress on physiological and biochemical characteristics and the relationship between CrMPK3 and some genes of vinblastine biosynthesis pathway, PEG (0, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%) was applied in different exposure times (24 and 72 h) on callus of two cultivars (Alba and Rosea) of Catharanthus roseus. The increase in malondialdehyde and proline contents by increasing PEG concentration in both exposure times in Alba cultivar were more than in Rosea cultivar. Also, the activity of antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GOPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in the Alba cultivar was higher than the Rosea cultivar. The relative expression of vinblastine biosynthesis genes including STR, DAT, and PRX1 was significantly increased in both cultivars, especially in the medium with 5% PEG. However, the change of T16H gene expression was more minor. Vinblastine content confirmed the expression results of these genes at different concentrations of PEG after 24 and 72 h in both cultivars. The relative expression of CrMPK3 and catalase genes increased significantly in all media containing PEG. The highest expression of CrMPK3 and catalase genes was obtained after 24 and 72 h at 5% PEG in both cultivars, respectively. Finally, PEG can induce the accumulation of vinblastine in calli of C. roseus through a signaling pathway in which MAPK trigger the activation of antioxidant enzymes with up-regulation of the TIAs biosynthesis genes.
查看更多>>摘要：A cellulose-polyacrylic acid-TiO2 composite (CAT) with multiple carboxyl groups in the network structure and that could undergo ultrafast adsorption was successfully synthesized, and the adsorption capacity for cadmium (II) (Cd(II)) under optimal conditions was as high as 105 mg/g within 5 min. Additionally, CAT maintained the advantages of fast and efficient adsorption even when the concentrations of potentially interfering ions (NaCl, MgSO4, HA) were high. Importantly, 13 nonlinear kinetic models, including 6 empirical models and 7 diffusional models with their 5 error functions, were used to evaluate the adsorbent performance and mass transfer mechanism. As a result, regardless of whether interfering ions were present, the PNO model and Langmuir kinetics model were perceived as the best fit for the adsorption reaction and empirical model and mass transfer model, respectively. Adsorption at active centers was the rate limiting step for CAT. Moreover, the micromechanisms were also quantitatively explained with multiple DFT calculations, which illustrated ion exchange and electrostatic interactions with the oxygen atom on the introduced carboxyl group.
Gnanasekaran, SurenthiranNordin, Noor Ida Amalina AhamadJamari, Saidatul ShimaShariffuddin, Jun Haslinda...
11页
查看更多>>摘要：The production of valuable materials from biomass into nanosized become the principal focus of the developing industries on achieving green-based composite product, designed for extensive range of applications. This study principally, focused on discovering green method for the utilisation of N36 Ananas comosus leaves fibre (PALF) to highly potential material. Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were successfully isolated from PALF by ball milling with presence of isopropyl alcohol. The effect of isopropyl alcohol and the milling time on nano fibrillation were analysed through characterisation of NFCs including Field Emission Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Zeta-potential (ZP), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) and Particle size analysis (PSA). Comparatively, the 1:415 min NFC sample which milled for 15 mins with 1 mL of cellulose suspension and 4 mL of IPA, express desirable features in the concern of morphology, fibre size, yield, crystallinity, thermal stability, and homogeneity on disintegration of PALF fibre. High thermal degradation temperature of 323 ?& nbsp;and crystallinity index of 67%, reveal the potential on reinforcing to improve the com-posite's thermal stability and mechanical properties. Moreover, it exhibits excellent surface morphology, stability with low self-agglomeration, and uniformity in defibrillation with fibre diameter of 25.84 +/- 8.30 nm, zeta-potential of -32.31 +/-& nbsp;2.51 and PDI of 0.103. Besides, the high yield of NFC (> 90%), increase the feasibility of NFC production. Hence, addition of IPA gives significant impact on defibrillation by disrupt the intermolecular hydrogen bond, so that less milling time is convenient on production of NFC without causes severe damage on other properties.
NSTL
Elsevier