查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Bract, or inflorescence leaf, is cryptic in most model plants due to a conserved suppression mechanism. While, bract is present in some ornamental plants and plays an important role in their reproductive growth. The huge and long-standing bract of an ancient species, the dove tree (Davidia), implies the existence of a distinctive pathway of bract development. However, compared to bract suppression, little is known about the regulators during bract promoting. Here, a gene named DiASR1 involved into bract development regulation in Davidia is reported. During bract development, the expression profile of the DiASR1 gene was bract-specific, and increased along with the bract growth. The DiASR1 gene was activated by environmental cues including high temperature, strong light and abscisic acid, while inhibited by low temperature, dark, gibberellin. Remarkably, ectopic expression of the DiASR1 gene resulted in bract-like leaves, besides early flowering, abnormal floral development, and aborted pollens in transgenic Arabidopsis lines. The bract-like Arabidopsis leaves exhibited a similar fading process and cell architecture to those of Davidia bract. The ectopic induction of bract-like leaves confirmed the critical function of the DiASR1 gene for bract development, and provided new insights to understand the regulation mechanism underlying the process of leaf metamorphosis.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.In this paper, a new high value-added biomass conversion route was proposed. Oligostilbenes in peony seeds shell (PSS) were extracted by ethanol, and high-performance activated carbon (ACPSR) was prepared by peony seeds shell residue (PSR). The content of the main oligostilbenes in the extract was determined by HPLC, and the biological activity of the extract was also evaluated. ACPSR was systematically characterized, and the adsorption performance of phenol was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM), and the adsorption mechanism was also studied. The results showed that the ethanol extract of PSS was rich in oligostilbenes, which had strong antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumor activities. ACPSR had a high specific surface area (1499.5 m2.g?1)and a highly developed pore structure(1.49 cm3.g?1). ACPSR could effectively remove phenol pollutants in solution, and when the dosage of adsorbent was 0.33 g.L?1, the initial concentration was 71.5 mg.L?1, the pH value was 5.1 and the ultrasonic time was 3.0 min, the optimal adsorption efficiency of ACPSR was 93.11%. As an economical and environmentally friendly biomass precursor, PSS had great potential in the development of food additives and drugs with good biological activities, as well as efficient adsorbents for the remediation of water pollution. This study provided useful reference for the high value-added conversion of waste biomass, and opened up a broad prospect for the application of the conversion products.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) films are generally regarded as promising alternatives for non-biodegradable plastics films. However, the shortcomings of high hydrophilic performance, low elongation and poor folding endurance continue to pose challenges in commercial application. In the present study, we established controllable reflectance CNF films by applying a facile and scalable poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) reinforced strategy in a free chemical modification manner. CNF/PBAT films have the favorable combination of hydrophobicity, elongation and folding endurance. The results reveal a significant improvement in the hydrophobic properties of CNF/PBAT films (water contact angle >80°), as well as a 3 times improvement in folding resistance (1210 cycles), a 3.7 times improvement in tensile strength (89.8 MPa) and controlled reflectance properties. Additionally, we examined the hiding power and color difference of the CNF/PBAT films, and explored the underlying principle for the enhanced hydrophobicity, folding resistance, elongation and reflectance. Finally, the CNF/PBAT films exhibited stable comprehensive performance after we applied the films in drinking straws. The present study provides a facile strategy to prepare hydrophobic, folding resistant, reinforced and reflectance-controlled CNF films and could promote industrial use in the fields of glass film, beverage appliances, packaging, and flexible electronic devices.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Reed is a promising biorenewable energy source given its ability to grow rapidly under environmentally challenging conditions. Pretreatment of reed by ball-milling in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH) led to a significant reduction in hemicellulose (78%) and lignin (67%) content. After this pre-treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis of the residue led to a glucose content of 12.0 g/L. The enzymatic hydrolysis showed improved performance when ball-milling was included in the pre-treatment process. Both the residual lignin (extracted after pretreatment) and the solid residue (post enzymatic hydrolysis) were blended with polylactic acid (PLA) to prepare bio-based composites by injection molding, with the latter residue-plastic composite (RPC) possessing better mechanical properties. The bending strength, Young's modulus, bending modulus and impact strength of RPC were 29.08 MPa, 582.7 MPa, 879.4 MPa and 13.44 KJ/m2, respectively. The melting and crystallization temperatures of the composite were lower than that of pure PLA.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.In order to improve the high-value utilization of raw materials in furfural production, a solid acid catalyst based on corncob residue (S-IRCC) was synthesized using the method of impregnation–carbonization–sulfonation. The impregnation of FeCl3 makes S-IRCC exhibit excellent surface area and catalytic activity, and S-IRCC possessing -COOH, phenolic -OH, and -SO3H groups. The effects of reaction conditions on furfural yield, xylose concentration, and furfural selectivity were investigated. It was found that the addition of NaCl would improve furfural yield in water- methyl isobutyl ketone system. Optimal furfural yield (73.64%) and selectivity (74.2%) were obtained for 1:1 xylose/catalyst ratio (w/w) at 190 °C for 60 min in 1:2 water–methyl isobutyl ketone (v/v) with 60 g/L NaCl. In addition, with the regeneration, the catalyst activity is easily restored to its original level. Hence, bio-carbon-based catalyst shows potential application value in furfural production and biomass utilization.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Soy protein-based adhesives show great prospects in replacing aldehydes resin adhesives to fabricate wood-based panels, however, high doses of synthetic resins as crosslinkers must be used to obtain good bonding performance. To reduce overreliance upon crosslinkers derived from fossil resources, a 100% bio-derived crosslinker-xylitol epoxide (EX) was synthesized from epichlorohydrin and xylitol, followed by blending with soy protein isolate (SPI) to create a functional biological adhesive. After using EX, the wet and dry shear strengths of plywood prepared by the SPI/4%EX adhesive increased by 138.6% and 55.6%, respectively, compared with the pure soy protein adhesive. This was attributable to the crosslinked network formed in adhesive and the enhanced adhesive toughness. The optimized process parameters of plywood prepared with EX-modified soy protein adhesive were 110 ℃, 1.3 min/mm and 0.8 MPa. The addition of EX also improved the mildew-resist property of the adhesive to 10 days, which prolonged the adhesive storage life and the service life of the resultant plywood. Therefore, EX could be utilized to enhance the mechanical and mildew-resist properties of protein-based materials, and shows great potential applications in adhesive, film, and hydrogel.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The soybean meal (SM) adhesive has become the most promising bio-adhesive in wood industry. However, the insufficient mechanical properties and poor water resistance limits their practical applications. Current researches mostly focus on the cross-linking modification of soy protein isolate (SPI) components in SM, whereas ignoring the adverse effects of soy polysaccharide (SPS) components on the SM adhesive system. Herein, inspired of the borate chemistry in the higher plant cell walls, the thorough and strong cross-linked networks were constructed in SM adhesive system by the boronic acid-anchored cellulose nanofibril (BCNF) and tannic acid (TA). The combination of entanglement and interpenetration of polymer backbone molecular chains, dynamic covalent interactions and hydrogen bonds can promote the formation of tough and stable cross-linked network structure in SM adhesive system, and endowed the SM adhesive with excellent wet adhesion strength and water-resistant property. The wet shear strength of resultant SM adhesive increased to 0.92 MPa, which was 3 times of the pristine SM adhesive. Additionally, the resultant SM adhesive exhibited excellent mildew resistance, antibacterial activity, and ?ame retardance. This biomimetic strategy can achieve the construction of the thorough and strong cross-linked networks in SM adhesive, which provides a novel and versatile route to high-performance and multifunitional bio-adhesive.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.This study evaluates the effect of Padauk extracts on the natural cold water durability of welded beech wood. Wood specimens of 70 × 50 × 25 mm3 with initial moisture content of 12% were treated with Padauk extracts by capillary action for 7 days and further welded by high-speed dowel rotation wood welding. Water resistance test was performed by consecutive soaking (2 and 4 h) of treated and untreated specimens in two separate soaking tanks containing distilled water from 10 °C to 20 °C, then linear tensile and tensile shear tests were performed. Non-water leachable oligomers were determined using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF/MS) analysis. Internal adhesion level of the weld line was assessed through vertical density profiles of treated and untreated specimens. The results showed that the use of Padauk extracts improve the beech wood water resistance and the natural water durability of its welded joints. The respective tensile strengths obtained for the specimens treated at 0, 2 and 4 h of immersion in cold water were 2.34 KN, 1.56 KN and 0.86 KN. MALDI-TOF/MS analysis shows an abundance of molecules with aromatic methoxy groups (OCH3) which leach slowly in cold water, such as santalin B at 596 Da and santalin A at 583 Da which has an additional -CH3 group. X-ray densitometry confirmed a high densification (776.45 kg/m3) of the weld lines of the treated specimens and a peripheral densification of 762.74 kg/m3 compared to the 754.60 kg/m3 of the untreated specimens. These differences could be due to the chemical composition of the natural Padauk extracts, which justifies their water repellent potential on the treated beech wood.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Effective biological pretreatment is a sought-after approach to solving the dilemma between environmental protection versus sustainable and economical production of bio-based products. In many countries, grasses are among the most attractive and widely cultivated crops for bioenergy. Here, Napier grass, including Alafal, Pakchong 1, and Merkeron varieties, and sugarcane were investigated for their potential applications in lignocellulosic enzyme and biomethane production. This was accomplished through biological pretreatments using a wood-rotting fungal Xylaria species under solid-state fermentation (SoSF) at ambient temperatures. Merkeron produced an enzymatic cocktail of xylanase and cellulase at activities of 103.1 ± 2.5 or 42.4 ± 1.61 U/g, respectively, on day 14. In contrast, using yeast Pichia pastoris expressing engineered Bacillus firmus xylanases, the highest xylanase activities were achieved between 58 and 61 U/g using Pakchong 1 or sugarcane leaves under submerged fermentation (SmF) after 2–4 days. Preferential fermentation mode between SoSF and SmF, utilized by fungi or yeast was observed during lignocellulosic saccharification. The Highest cellulase and xylanase productivity was achieved at 0.24–0.51 U/g/h, using the yeast-pretreatment via SmF. Alternatively, Xylaria-pretreated Napier grass mixed with cow manure effectively increased the daily biogas yield up to 212.8 ± 2.3 cm3/gVS with methane content over 80% and methane productivity of 2.31%/day, respectively. Thus, this study highlights potential uses of fungi in eco-friendly pretreatment of abundant feedstocks for optimal production of lignocellulosic enzymes and green energy biomethane.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Wood vinegar (WV) as a by-product from the carbonization process of woods is a renewable and low-cost source of acetic acid. But its application in the industrial production of cheap and environmentally friendly calcium acetate (CA) deicer is restricted by the presence of toxic and refractory organics. Herein, a novel sustainable production technology was developed via the ozonation treatment of wood vinegar conversion solution (WVCS) prepared by mixing WV with calcium hydroxide. It was found that the initial pH values of WVCSs had great influences on the decolorization and degradation of organics. More importantly, the ozonation process not only degraded toxic organics but also yielded more acetate. The obtained acetate content was as high as 14.6 wt%, which was increased by ~50% in comparison with that of WV (9.8 wt%). Finally, the target product of CA deicer was produced with high purity. This work provides a new promising route for efficient utilization of biomass waste resources.
NSTL
Elsevier