查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Menthol in its L-isomer is a key flavoring additive mainly due to its cold-mimicking characteristics. Production of menthol in preferred L-isoform has been studied in different ways through cell-based or multiple-step biocatalyst processes. Herein, we introduce a single-step, cell-free reaction for (-)-menthol production. In this study, recombinant MMR (Menthone Menthol Reductase) was codon-optimized and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21 (DE3). The His-tagged protein was purified with ~ 90% efficiency using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The identity of the recombinant MMR was confirmed using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) through in-gel digestion process and analyzing the extracted peptides in NCBIprot database. The reductase activity of recombinant MMR in the presence of NADPH (as a cofactor) was examined through monitoring the UV-Vis absorption by NADPH at 340 nm during NADP+/ NADPH oxidation-reduction reaction. The stereospecific activity of recombinant MMR was analyzed through its interaction with (-)-menthone substrate using Chiral GC and GC-MS techniques. We observed the expected chirality (minus) in resulted menthol with 68% yield.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Rosa damascena Mill is a popular Rosa species cultivated for industrial rose oil production in the world. Besides its major application in aroma and cosmetic industries, rose essential oil has been reported with valuable pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities. Poor oil yield, short flowering period, and low oil content are the major constraints in the prevailing damask rose varieties. Plant breeders are being encouraged to develop new damask rose cultivars with improved oil content and higher flower yield qualities due to rising market demand. The aforementioned qualities can be improved using traditional breeding methods such as clonal selection and intra-specific hybridization. But, through the convention breeding method creation of genetic variation is time taking, and the preservation of the authentic scent and quality of the rose oil is very difficult. Recent breakthroughs in molecular-markers techniques, genomics, and transcriptomics, have resulted in large volumes of data being generated in damask rose. It will be feasible to discover genes/pathways that are responsible for essential characteristics if this data is combined with phenotypic information. Several attempts have been undertaken to accelerate the breeding of R.damascena using molecular technologies. However, due to the species' high heterozygosity and polyploidy nature, translating the findings of such studies to practical breeding remains a significant challenge. This review paper outlines recent advances in conventional and modern molecular breeding procedures, as well as their potential uses and limitations in improving the oil-bearing rose.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Facile extraction and purification methods are needed to produce guayule latex on a commercial scale. Rubber particles are released from guayule by aqueous homogenization. Acceptable latex purity is achieved by removing non-rubber particle particulates and soluble protein and other components from the homogenate in a multistep washing process. Polyamine flocculants and a creaming agent were investigated as processing aids to shorten this latex purification process. At 1000 ppm, flocculant 2275 yielded 68% more latex than flocculant 2241, whereas a 60% difference in latex yield was observed at 2000 and 3000 ppm, respectively. Latex yield declined in some cases at the highest flocculant concentrations. The type and concentration of flocculant, and the dose and temperature of creaming agent were also investigated. Cationic flocculants and creaming agents enhanced latex yield and may shorten the purification process.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Two novel compounds, dicarbonyl ester (2) and artolankanin A (3) were isolated from the sequential ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of stem bark of A. nobilis along with the known compounds, artonin E (1) and artobiloxanthone (4) by bioassay-guided fractionation using a combination of normal phase and size exclusion column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques, including NMR (1H, 13C, APT, 1H–1H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC), Mass, IR, and UV. The isolated compounds were evaluated for DPPH free radical scavenging activity, tyrosinase, elastase, hyaluronidase, and A5-lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitory activities lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production inhibitory activity in SIM-A9 microglial cells. Artonin E exhibited marked tyrosinase and A5-lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitory activities and NO inhibition activity in LPS-stimulated microglia cells having IC50 values of 60.92 ± 3.45, 56.38 ± 1.05, and 23.94 ± 1.08 μg/mL, respectively. Kinetic studies showed that the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of artonin E is via a noncompetitive inhibition mechanism. Further, artolankanin A and artobiloxanthone exhibited good A5-lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitory activity having IC50 values of 59.48 ± 1.06 and 62.45 ± 2.25 μg/mL, respectively. Insights from molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations align with these experimental observations and propose plausible mechanisms of inhibition. Collectively these results suggest that these compounds have the potential to be used as depigmenting and anti-inflammatory agents.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.In this study, six alternative biorefinery scenarios for the production of levulinic acid (LA), glutamic acid (GA) and/or xylitol- or a combination of these chemicals- annexed to an existing sugar mill in 1G-only (molasses feedstock) or integrated 1G2G (molasses and sugar cane lignocellulose feedstock) configurations were simulated in AspenPlus?. Then, mass and energy balances obtained from the simulations were used for the subsequent equipment sizing and costing and to perform the economic performance assessments of the scenarios. All the investigated scenarios were identified as profitable scenarios with the internal rates of return (IRRs) ranging from 21.3%?59.8%. Generally, GA scenarios showed better economic outcomes compared to LA counterparts, attributed to the factors such as higher market prices, higher product throughput and less complicated processing technology which lowers the cost of production. Considering the market size and economic outcome, the 1G GA scenario producing 11.1 t/h GA showed the best economic performance with 59.8% IRR and a minimum product selling price (MSP) of $1687/t. However, a multiproduct facility (1G2G GA-xylitol) can result in more robust economic performance, as a result of implementing xylitol mature technology. Although all investigated scenarios showed profitability potential, life cycle analysis (LCA), social impact assessment and market analysis are required to find out the most sustainable biorefinery option.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Natural surfactant mediated microwave-assisted extraction (NSM-MAE) technique was developed and performed for the simultaneous extraction of hydrophilic and hydrophobic phytochemicals from plant matrix, such as phenolic acid, coumarin, bisepoxy lignan and phenylpropanoid from Acanthopanax senticosus stems. The natural surfactant soapnut saponin (SS) ethanol solution was chosen as the best solvent for the efficient extraction of active constituents from plant matrix after screening ten different types of the surfactants. The relevant key experiment parameters during the extraction process were optimized by Box-Behnken design (BBD) and single factor test. Extraction process with the optimized relevant parameters: liquid solid ratio 43 mL/g, 0.8% (g/mL) SS, extraction time 15 min, microwave power 470 W, and system temperature 60 ℃, extraction yields of the eleutheroside E, protocatechuic acid, isofraxidin, chlorogenic acid and eleutheroside B finally reached 1658.38, 312.71, 631.62, 16,282.17 and 3215.39 μg/g, respectively. The extraction yields was 1.34 fold higher than that of conventional ethanol based ultrasound-assisted extraction (Et-UAE) method. Furthermore, ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging ability were used to investigate effects of different extraction methods. Moreover, foam separation technique was used to enrich and recycle soapnut saponin from extraction solvents. The present study indicated that the integrated NSM-MAE method was a safe, green and effective technique for the extraction and enrichment of targeted active phytochemicals from plant matrix and this method could be considered as a novel promising extraction technique to be scaled up in the industry production.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.A key advantage of the Sequential Liquid-Lignin Recovery and Purification (SLRP) process for the recovery of lignin from Kraft black liquor is the precipitation of a solvated, “liquid-lignin” phase (vs. the typical solid) during the CO2 acidification step. Here, we have discovered that this lignin can also be maintained in a solvated state during the H2SO4 acidification step if aqueous acetic acid from the Aqueous Lignin Purification with Hot Agents (ALPHA) process is incorporated into the H2SO4 solution. As the liquid-lignin is converted from its salt form at pH = 9.5 to its acid form at pH = 2.5, the lignin initially solvated with water becomes solvated and thus liquefied with the acetic acid–water solution. Maintaining the lignin in a solvated liquid state has two advantages: (1) the entire SLRP + ALPHA process, from starting black liquor to final lignin product, can be operated continuously; and (2) mass transfer of metals impurities out of the liquid-lignin phase is significantly enhanced, resulting in both a cleaner Kraft lignin product (～2000 ppm Na and 0.5–1.0% ash) and reduced water washing.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Rice straw (RS) is an abundant agricultural residue with plentiful hydroxyl groups. In this study, a low-cost and effective RS-based phosphate adsorbent (RS-PA) was prepared through a three-step reaction process, successively with epichlorohydrin (ECH), ethylenediamine (EDA), and triethylamine (TEA). The elimination process of phosphate was optimized by considering altered adsorption conditions. The successful production of RS-PA was confirmed by FTIR, organic element, and zeta potential analyses. The key factors influencing the phosphate adsorption were the temperature in the second reaction step and EDA dosage. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models predicted the phosphate adsorption on the RS-PA very well. A complete phosphate removal was achieved at 50 mg/L phosphate concentration, 10 g/L adsorbent dosage and 25 ℃ in 10 min. The exothermic nature of phosphate adsorption on RS-PA was confirmed since the temperature rise reduced the adsorption of phosphate on the adsorbent. These results demonstrate that full component rice straw-based phosphate adsorbent was successfully prepared for the removal of phosphorus compounds from waste water.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.There is a growing interest in food and bioactive compounds with health benefits. Several studies on wild fruits have reported high anthocyanin contents and antioxidant potential mainly influenced by abiotic stress, particularly in native berries. Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz), a Chilean native berry, has been referred as a “superfruit” due to its phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity. The content of bioactive compounds in wild maqui, specifically delphinidin, is influenced by collection time, genetic traits, and environmental conditions (location). The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenolic content, levels of anthocyanins and flavonols, and antioxidant capacity of maqui at three fruit ripening stages (unripe, preripe and ripe) in three different locations of central Chile (Coihueco, Cayumanque and Tregualemu) for two consecutive seasons (2019–2020 and 2020–2021). There was an interaction (p ≤ 0.05) between location and fruit ripening stage in all the bioactive compounds evaluated. Total polyphenol content varied in accordance with the biosynthesis pathway transformation in the different ripening stages, ranging from 2290 (ripe stage) to 1025 mg gallic acid equivalent 100 g?1 (fresh weight) (unripe stage). An accumulation of delphinidin derivatives was found at the ripe stage, while these compounds accounted for a significant proportion of around 80% of the total anthocyanins in both seasons. The antioxidant capacity varied depending on the season, location, and fruit ripening stage. The highest values were recorded in Cayumanque, with an average value of 8926 μmol Trolox equivalent 100 g?1 (fresh weight) for both seasons. In order to supply raw material of similar quality, which is a key issue for the food and pharmaceutical industries, and allow for sustainable production, seasonal and environmental variations in bioactive compounds as well as chemical characteristics of wild fruit need to be regulated according to edaphoclimatic conditions.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Opuntia ficus-indica [L.] Mill. (OFI) flower has been studied less than OFI fruit and cladode for the bioactive compounds occurrence. Also, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique has been applied less than conventional techniques to extract bioactive compounds, generally. In this work, UAE was developed to extract phenolic compounds from OFI flowers, collected from wild population plants in the department of Bejaia (Algeria). Single-factor experiments and response surface methodology were designed to study the effect of ethanol concentration (20–100%), extraction time (10–60 min), and extraction temperature (30–70 °C) on the total phenolic content (TPC). Optimal UAE conditions were 36% ethanol, an extraction time of 60 min, and a temperature of 53 °C, which produced an extraction of 24.4 ± 0.82 mg of total phenolics expressed as mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/g Dry Weight (DW). The bioactive compounds extraction efficiency was statistically higher using UAE than using conventional extraction methods (maceration and Soxhlet extraction). The Liquid Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS–TOF) analysis of the optimized UAE extract detected mostly the occurrence of phenolic acids (piscidic and eucomic acids) and isorahmnetin derivatives. Interestingly, piscidic and eucomic acids have been identified and quantified for the first time in OFI flower extract. The antioxidant activity assessed with different assays were 13.8 ± 0.27μmol Trolox Equivalent (TE)/g DW for DPPH, 4078 ± 80.3 μmol TE/g DW for Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), 3091 ± 139 μmol TE/g DW for total antioxidant activity (TAA) by phosphomolybdate assay, 80.8 ± 4.17μmol TE/g DW for Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) by ABTS assay. The UAE process deeply enhanced the yield and significantly reduced the extraction time in comparison with conventional methods (maceration and Soxhlet extraction), confirming that OFI flower is a valuable source of bioactive compounds that can be exploited in some industries.
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