首页期刊导航|Transactions of The Institution of Chemical Engineers
期刊信息/Journal information
Transactions of The Institution of Chemical Engineers
Hemisphere Pub. Corp. [distributor]
Transactions of The Institution of Chemical Engineers

Hemisphere Pub. Corp. [distributor]

0957-5820

Transactions of The Institution of Chemical Engineers/Journal Transactions of The Institution of Chemical Engineers
正式出版
收录年代

    Techno-enviro-exergo-economic and water hygiene assessment of non-cover box solar still employing parabolic dish concentrator and thermoelectric peltier effect

    Saeed NazariRoonak Daghigh
    17页
    查看更多>>摘要： This study was conducted to design a parabolic dish concentrator box solar still without a glass cover combined with a thermoelectric condensing duct. The parabolic set reflects the sun's rays beneath the basin and the vapor generated in the basin is sucked by a fan with variable volume flow rate into the condensing duct, which is surrounded by four thermoelectrics cooling modules. The performance of non-cover box solar still with thermoelectric is reported based on the component temperature, distilled water production, energy, exergy, energy payback period, energy production factor, economic, exergoeconomic, environmental, enviroeconomic, exergoenvironmental, exergoenviroeconomic, and water hygiene assessment. In the optimal case, in which the fan sucks the vapor at a volume rate of 300 L/min, the average winter daily cumulative distilled water, energy efficiency, and exergy efficiency were enhanced by 25.6%, 4.88%, and 1.06%, respectively, compared to the case, which the fan is off. The cost of distilled water production and the payback period in the optimal case are 0.0056 $/L/m~2 and 114 days, respectively. Also, the techno-enviro-exergo-economic findings revealed that the parabolic dish concentrator box solar still with thermoelectric in terms of enviroeconomic and exergoenviroeconomic can create a financial reserve of $320.02 and $50.32, respectively. The distilled water produced by the desalination system is safe in terms of hygiene and drinking ability.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Prevention of technological disasters: Adoption of indicative criteria associated with GHS in regulating major accident hazards

    Kasman bin NasirGoh Choo TaNoorazman bin Soud
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要： The occurrence of a technological disaster could be due to different causes, one of which is chemicals. The major accidents triggered by chemicals, such as the Seveso incident in 1976, the Bhopal incident in 1984, and the recent Beirut explosion in 2020, have had severe impacts on people and the environment. Many countries have established their respective regulatory frameworks to prevent major accident hazards involving chemicals. However, the huge number of chemicals makes it almost impossible to identify and characterise all the chemicals. To manage this problem, the use of indicative criteria that have adopted the GHS (Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals) can serve to ensure safety in the handling of chemicals and to prevent major accidents. The indicative criteria are used to group chemicals with the same hazards, which are then assigned threshold quantities (TQ) to assess potential chemical risks. Countries like those in the EU, Singapore, China and Australia have adopted indicative criteria associated with GHS into their respective regulations. However, these regulations are not the same. Thus, by learning about practices adopted by these countries, and also taking into account the GHS implementation, this study proposes adopting indicative criteria and relevant TQs to prevent major accidents. We hope that the proposed indicative criteria will be useful, particularly for developing countries that would like to establish or amend their national legislation to prevent major accidents involving chemicals, because besides lacking information about previous accidents, they may also lack a comprehensive chemical database and experts/resource persons.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Deeppipe: Theory-guided neural network method for predicting burst pressure of corroded pipelines

    Yunlu MaJianqin ZhengYongtu Liang
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要： Crude oil and natural gas are the primary energy sources, mainly transported by pipelines. Pipeline safety has to be seriously considered to ensure the continuous and stable transportation of these two types of energy sources. The burst pressure is an important indicator of pipeline safety. Accurate prediction of the burst pressure is of great significance to the design, construction, daily operation, and maintenance of the pipeline. This paper proposes a theory-guided neural network model-based method to predict burst pressure prediction of corroded pipelines, which can incorporate physical principles into the deep learning framework. First, higher-order features with physical meaning are constructed and coupled with the original features to form a new feature space. Then the traditional burst pressure prediction formula Pipeline Corrosion Criterion (PCORRC) is integrated into the model to make full use of the prior knowledge contained in the empirical formula. The designed loss function enables the network to have different weights for different samples and focuses on learning the PCORRC formula to predict samples with large deviations. Finally, the model was verified using a public dataset based on experiments and finite element simulations. The results show that the theory-guided neural network model proposed in this paper has the highest accuracy compared with other models. The correlation coefficient is 0.9945, the root mean square error is 0.562, and the mean absolute percentage error is 2.65%. Further tests have shown that the model is very robust and has good adaptability to different data. This work presented that integrating domain knowledge into the traditional neural network model can effectively improve the performance of burst pressure prediction of the corroded pipeline.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    A robust two-dimensional model for the pyrolysis of plastic waste driven by self-sustaining smoldering

    Ruming PanGerald DebenestMarco A.B. Zanoni
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要： This study established a robust two-dimensional (2D) numerical model for plastic waste (PW) pyrolysis driven by self-sustaining smoldering. The smoldering-driven pyrolysis reactor consists of a smoldering chamber filled with char and sand and a pyrolysis chamber with a porous-matrix bed and PW particles. The PW could be melted and decomposed into value-added volatiles driven by the stable char smoldering heat. The findings revealed that the pyrolysis duration and product distribution could be regulated by the char concentration and Darcy air velocity. Higher PW contents shortened the volatiles' residence time in the pyrolysis chamber and controlled the pyrolysis product yields. The increased PW content could enhance the PW processing capacity potentially resulting in the recovery of more liquid and gaseous fuels. Moreover, the reactor's geometry significantly affected the pyrolysis chamber's temperature distribution and the PW processing capacity.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Steam catalytic gasification of elephant grass pellets

    Oscar de Almeida NeuwaldMarcia BorghettiDaniele Perondi
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要： There is a worldwide consensus on the need to replace fossil energy sources with renewable ones. Biomass is a promising alternative for replacing the use of fossil fuels. In addition, biomass contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, since when subjected to a thermal process, it releases carbon dioxide consumed by its photosynthesis, as is the case of the elephant grass. This biomass can be used as an energy source; nevertheless, its low density makes conversion processes difficult (especially in the feeding step). To solve this problem, its densification in the form of pellets can be applied. The main processes for obtaining energy from biomass are the thermochemical processes: pyrolysis, combustion, and gasification. Gasification has high energy efficiency, being a promising alternative for energy generation. The gasification process can be improved through the use of catalysts, in order to increase the yield in the production of syngas (H2 + CO). The alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEM) can be present in the biomass, or be added to the gasification process, acting in the tar cracking for greater efficiency in the gasification reaction. Potassium (K) is an alkali metal present in biomass, which has a catalytic role in the gasification process, especially when steam is used as gasification agent. Its concentration in biomass can be modified according to the fertilization during the planting of the biomass. Another catalyst for the gasification process is iron (Fe), however this metal is present in low concentrations in the biomass itself and must be incorporated into it before its gasification. The use of iron as a catalyst becomes interesting due to its low toxicity and cost, having the ability to crack tar molecules, hence increasing the gasification yield. Based on this, the effect of potassium and iron as catalysts in the steam gasification process of elephant grass pellets was investigated in this work.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Geometric optimization of thermo-hydraulic performance of multistream plate fin heat exchangers in two-stage condensation cycle: Thermodynamic and operating cost analyses

    Ali Allahyarzadeh-BidgoliMehdi MehrpooyaJurandir Itizo Yanagihara
    18页
    查看更多>>摘要： LNG is an energy carrier with growing importance, but LNG cryogenic cycles are energy-intensive. Because the thermo-hydraulic performance of heat exchangers affects the operation and energy consumption of a compressor. The optimization of heat exchangers is key to improving the energy efficiency of a cryogenic plant. In this work, the screening analysis and optimization procedures are performed for a two-stage condensation plant to enhance the Coefficient of Performance (COP) as the operating performance criterion. Five geometric design categories of applied fins, such as fin type, fin height, fin thickness, fin frequency, and the number of layers of MPFHEs (Multistream Plate Fin Heat Exchanger) are selected as input parameters for the optimization process. Then, a thermodynamic analysis including the second law analysis and capital and operating costs assessment are carried out to show the improvements of applied optimization in the mentioned objectives. The results of the optimization procedure have indicated a considerable improvement in the COP of up to 13.7% and significant mitigation in total power consumption of up to 11.8 MW. Furthermore, the optimal configuration of heat exchangers presents an increase in exergy efficiency of up to 4.1%, a saving in exergy destruction of 10.2 MW and up to 8.6 M USD/year in the operating cost when compared with conventional cases.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Statistical method based on dissimilarity of variable correlations for multimode chemical process monitoring with transitions

    Cheng JiFangyuan MaJingde Wang
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要： Chemical industrial processes are always accompanied by multiple operating conditions, which brings great challenges for multivariate statistical process monitoring methods to extract general characteristics from multimode data, especially for time-varying characteristics in transitions between two modes. In this work, a novel statistical process monitoring method based on the dissimilarity of process variable correlation (DISS-PVC) is proposed. The proposed method aims to monitor multiple stable modes and between-mode transitions simultaneously with no prior knowledge of the number of operating modes. Unlike traditional methods oriented to monitoring process variables, the proposed method is applied to monitor the correlation of process variables based on the idea that variable correlation should always conform to a certain process internal mechanism, no matter in which stable or transition mode. Mutual information is first employed to quantitate variable correlation with a moving-window approach. Cosine similarity between eigenvalues of mutual information matrices is selected as a dissimilarity index to evaluate the difference in variable correlation between two data sets and perform fault detection. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on the benchmark Tennessee Eastman (TE) process and an industrial continuous catalytic reforming heat exchange unit.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Importance of low-abundance microbial species in response to disturbances in wastewater bioreactors

    Yang LiuHuijuan SunNajiaowa Yu
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要： This study demonstrates the importance of low-abundance species in maintaining biosystem stability in response to a changing reactor operation condition. Initiation and termination of effluent recirculation were applied as the operational disturbance factors in two upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors treating high-strength wastewater, respectively. The microbial growth rates during the community evolution were calculated based on the non-steady-state mass balance model. Community evolution studies showed that directly following the initiation/termination of effluent recirculation, the microbial communities reached the highest diversity. The net growth rates of individual microbes during community evolution illustrated that low-abundance species played a critical role in response to the disturbance induced by initiating or discontinuing effluent recirculation. This study highlights the importance of the response of low-abundance species in maintaining biosystem stability when a disturbance is applied to a wastewater bioreactor.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Mitigating thermal runaway propagation of NCM 811 prismatic batteries via hollow glass microspheres plates

    Huichang NiuCaixing ChenYanhui Liu
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要： The propagation of thermal runaway in Lithium-ion battery modules can escalate fire hazards and damage in energy storage systems. More effective strategies are needed to ensure the safe application of high-energy lithium-ion batteries and alleviate the thermal runaway propagation. This work explores the use of ultra-light plates based on hollow glass microspheres (HGM) as firewalls in the large-format battery module. A systematic experimental study is conducted using the prismatic battery with LiNiasCoaiMno.i02 (NCM 811) cathode and HGM firewalls with different thicknesses. Performance tests suggest that the composite plate with 60 wt% HGM, 25 wt% curing agent, and 15 wt% flame retardant is most effective in mitigating thermal runaway propagation. Without firewalls, the thermal runaway propagation rate increases from 0.43 cell/min to 0.85 cell/min as the SOC level increases from 25% to 100%. Inserting HGM plates can effectively slow down thermal runaway propagation, where the 3-mm HGM plates can successfully block the thermal runaway. A simplified heat transfer model is also proposed to explain the performance of the firewall in inhibiting thermal runaway and help to optimize the safety design for battery modules. This work provides important insights into the thermal runaway risks and safety measures of large battery systems.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Heat transfer effects on accelerating rate calorimetry of the thermal runaway of Lithium-ion batteries

    Chunpeng ZhaoZhenwen HuXuanze He
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要： The thermal runaway of Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is a fire hazard. The Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC) device is commonly used to investigate thermal runaway parameters of LIBs by assuming adiabatic conditions. However, this assumption ignores internal heat transfer within the cell and external heat transfer at the cell surface. In this work, we conducted ARC experiments using prismatic LiCo02 cells of 50 mm in side to study the effect of heat transfer limitations. Results show that the external temperature difference between this cell surface and ARC walls varies between 0 and 1.5 °C before thermal runaway and increases from 10 to 130 °C while thermal runaway occurs. Ignoring external heat transfer causes the heat of reaction of the cell to be underestimated by 12%. To study the internal heat transfer, two models are developed and show that heat transfer causes an internal temperature difference that causes an error of kinetics estimation, and the error grows with cell size. Ignoring heat transfer leads to errors on the thermal runaway parameters quantified by ARC, and these errors could propagate to battery safety design and predictions. This study contributes to designing better ARC experiments and a better understanding of battery safety.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL