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Journal of Alloys and Compounds
Elsevier Science S.A.
Journal of Alloys and Compounds

Elsevier Science S.A.

0925-8388

Journal of Alloys and Compounds/Journal Journal of Alloys and CompoundsSCIISTPEI
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    Facile synthesis of nanorods Na2Ti6O13 as anode materials for high-performance sodium ion batteries

    Han Q.Miao Y.Liu J.Cao X....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要:? 2022 Elsevier B.V.In this study, Na2Ti6O13 nanorods with large interlayer spacing (about 0.798 nm) were synthesized by the hydrothermal and solid-phase sintering methods, and applied to the anode of sodium ion batteries (SIBs). The influence of different calcination temperatures on the electrochemical properties of Na2Ti6O13 nanorods were all studied. Benefitting from the nanorods structure and the large interlayer spacing, the Na2Ti6O13 prepared at 800 °C possessed fast Na+ diffusion and achieved high discharge capacities of 168.2 and 115.2 mA h g?1 at different current densities of 20 and 500 mA g?1, respectively, and remained at 131.1 and 96.7 mA h g?1 after 100 cycles, which exhibited the best cycling stability, fast Na+ diffusion characteristics, and excellent rate performance. Supported by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, we found that the value of Rct became larger and the DNa+ became smaller with the progress of charge and discharge, which might be the cause of the decrease in the specific discharge capacity. The detailed analysis of cyclic voltammetry test confirmed that the proportion of pseudo-capacitance gradually decreased with the electrochemical reaction process keeping, from 83.8% at the beginning to 60.9% at the 100th cycle. This work establishes a valuable basis for the future study of Na2Ti6O13 as outstanding anode material for SIBs.

    The effect of alloy type of lithophilic Cu-Sn interface layer on the deposition/stripping behavior of lithium metal anode

    Wang Y.Yang D.Yang W.Li X....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要:? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Lithium (Li) metal is one of the best anode candidates for high energy density battery because of the lowest electrode potential and high theoretical capacity. However, the unstable electrode/electrolyte interface will cause uneven Li deposition and induce the formation of Li dendrites. The Cu-Sn alloy interface layer has been proven to be an effective strategy to inhibit the growth of Li dendrites, but how the alloy type of Cu-Sn alloy affects the deposition/exfoliation behavior of Li metal is still unclear. Here, we used a simple and fast chemical plating method to prepared lithophilic Cu3Sn and Cu6Sn5 pure phase interface layers on the surface of the Cu foil by controlling the temperature. Then, the effects of two different alloy types on the deposition/stripping behavior of Li metal anodes were studied. Compared with Cu3Sn@Cu, Cu6Sn5@Cu has a more uniform surface structure and higher surface free energy. Uniform electron distribution and fast reaction kinetics are conducive to the uniform deposition of Li metal. Meanwhile, Cu6Sn5@Cu also has higher electrolyte wettability. This helps to reduce the interphase impedance and polarization, thereby avoiding the growth of Li dendrites. These advantages make deposition mechanism of Li metal on the Cu6Sn5@Cu surface a unidirectional "Parallel-Deposition", while on the Cu3Sn@Cu surface it is a multi-directional "Preferred-Deposition". After being modified by Cu6Sn5, a more reasonable deposition mechanism reduces the overpotential of Li deposition on Cu foil by half. Even under the high deposition capacity of 10 mAh cm?2, Cu6Sn5@Cu can still cycle stably for more than 900 h. In addition, Li-Cu6Sn5@Cu has also been proved to have more stable rate performance and higher capacity retention rate than Li-Cu3Sn@Cu when it is used in full cell with LiFePO4.

    The evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of Zn-0.8Mg-0.2Sr alloy prepared by casting and extrusion

    Hosova K.Strakova M.Necas D.Vojtech D....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要:? 2022Zinc-based alloys containing elements well-tolerated by the organism (Mg, Ca, Sr) are considered as perspective biodegradable materials for an application like medical devices such as fixations of fractured bones or even stents. In the presented paper we characterize the relations between microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Zn-0.8Mg-0.2 Sr alloy (wt%) depending on various parameters like extrusion temperature (150–300 °C) and ratio (11 or 25). Typical analysis including SEM with EBSD and mechanical tests indicate a strong dependence of obtained data on both extrusion temperature and ratio. Relatively wide range of elongation to fracture (2–22%) and anisotropy in compression yield strengths regarding loading direction (50–150 MPa) are explained by the huge effect of grain size, material texture and also the existence of dislocation substructures in materials extruded at elevated temperatures. Based on obtained results, appropriate extrusion conditions (200 °C, extrusion ratio 25) are suggested to reach the combination of superior mechanical properties 244 MPa, 324 MPa and 22% for tensile yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture, respectively.

    Microstructure evolution and tensile property of TiAl alloy using continuous direct energy deposition technique

    Wang H.Wu Y.Ma X.Wang J....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要:? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Attributing to the fast solidification and thermal cycling during additive manufacturing process, massive phase transformation could take place thus leading to the formation of unpredictable microstructures with large variation in mechanical properties. In this paper, a continuous direct energy deposition technique (CDED) is adopted to prepare TiAl alloy seceding from the thermal cycling, and the evolution of microstructure, microhardness and tensile properties of alloy are investigated. Results indicate that the microstructure of alloy composes of columnar grains with very fine (α2 +γ) lamellae, and no heat-affect band is observed. A heat transfer model is established to assist in explaining the solid-phase transformation and microstructure formation mechanism of TiAl alloy. Furthermore, a special duplex γ microstructure (DP γ) forms which composes of massive γ phase surrounded by feathery-like γ phase. By dissecting crystallographic orientation from EBSD results, the formation mechanism of DP γ is clarified as the result of sequential solid-state phase transition in (α + γ) phase region, in which the feathery-like microstructure forms firstly followed by the massive γ phases nucleating at the inter-phase boundaries of feathery-like γ. Tensile property of as-deposited alloy reveals of 535 MPa with 1% elongation, and the highest hardness of around 320HV is detected at the top region of alloy with the finest interlamellar spacing.

    Sulfur-doped hollow soft-balled mesoporous carbon particles as ultra-fast, durable hosts for potassium storage

    Li G.Xu A.Xu Z.Sun H....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要:? 2022 Elsevier B.V.To address ever-increasing cost and resource depletion in recently secondary battery, as a perspective candidate, potassium-ion battery (PIB) has riveted enormous attention due to the richness and low cost of potassium. However, their application potentials have been greatly limited by unsatisfactory performance rooted from the large size of potassium. Herein, we adopt a hierarchically-mesopored engineering to generate carbon spheres with sulfur-doping (SHCs), possessing soft-mesoporous-shell hollow architecture assembled with evenly-distributed nanovesicles, via a spray-drying followed by sulfidation route. The delicate architecture gives such a carbon sphere a robust capability in rendering an admirable reversible capacity of 166.4 mAh g?1 at an ultra-large current density of 10 A g?1 for long-term 6900 cycles, reasonably ascribed to the artificially-designed nanovesicles, rapid diffusion approaches and reduced migration energy barrier of K atoms due to sulfur doping. More importantly, mathematical simulation has been performed to build a relationship between physical parameters and electrochemical performance. Accordingly, as-obtained multi-scaled, multi-bonded carbon spheres can act as low-cost and environment-friendly electrode materials for next-generation rechargeable battery.

    Towards pure: The single-phase bulk omega titanium and modulation on its elastic properties under biaxial strains

    He D.Li S.Yuan Q.Zhang J....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要:? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Single-phase ω-phase Ti with a considerable size of 3 mm × 3 mm × 4 mm and a Vickers hardness of 2.5 GPa is synthesized under high pressure and combined with a designed experimental curve at room temperature. The elastic properties of the α- and ω-phase Ti are ascertained using the non-destructive ultrasonic through-transmission technique. Based on the investigated Raman spectra and DSC, the inverse transition temperature of the metastable ω-phase and Raman spectra of the α- and ω-structures are also discussed. Modulations on the elastic and spectral properties of the two phases are simulated using first-principles calculations to systematically investigate the mechanical responses under biaxial strains.

    A novel approach for improving photoelectrochemical water splitting performance of ZnO-CdS photoanodes: Unveiling the effect of surface roughness of ZnO nanorods on distribution of CdS nanoparticles

    Kolaei M.Masoumi Z.Lee B.-K.Tayebi M....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要:? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructure has attracted great attention as an outstanding material for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting devices. The surface area of ZnO plays a vital role in the distribution of narrow band gap semiconductors to maximize light absorption capability. Herein, ZnO nanorods with smooth surface (ZnO-P) were fabricated on the surface of fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) by a hydrothermal process. Optimum deposition of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles was obtained on the surface of ZnO-P to obtain the best PEC water splitting performance in ZnO-P/CdSx heterojunction. Employing sulfidation treatment, calcination, and hydrothermal process on ZnO-P resulted in the synthesis of branched ZnO nanorods (ZnO-B) with higher crystallinity, larger surface roughness, and lower concentration of oxygen vacancy sites compared to ZnO-P nanorods. Higher surface area of ZnO-B nanorods provided larger nucleation sites for loading of CdS nanoparticles, leading to a unique distribution of CdS nanoparticles with a uniform size. Optimum deposition of CdS on the ZnO-B sample provided a novel photoanode (ZnO-B/CdS30) with larger light absorption than the ZnO-P/CdS30 sample. Furthermore, the ZnO-B/CdS30 photoanode benefited from extensive semiconductor/solution interfaces for efficient transfer of collected photogenerated holes from the surface of CdS nanoparticles to the solution.

    Preparation of aloe-like ordered mesoporous SnO2 with excellent gas sensing property to H2S

    Li Y.-Y.Wu R.-Y.Yang M.Yu H....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要:? 2022 Elsevier B.V.In this study, a kind of novel and uniform 3D aloe-like morphology SnO2 material was successfully synthesized, the breadth, thickness and length of aloe-like petals were about 230 ± 10 nm, 30 ± 5 nm and 600 ± 10 nm, respectively. The ordered mesoporous were distributed on the surface of the 3D aloe-like SnO2 material whose average pore diameter was about 3.6 nm. The optimum synthesis conditions were determined, and the morphology, structure and gas sensing performance toward H2S of the prepared material were tested. The 3D aloe-like SnO2 nanomaterial showed much excellent gas sensing performance to H2S at 190 °C, whose response to 100 ppm H2S reached to 48.3 (Ra/Rg), response time was only 3 s, and detection limit was as low as 0.5 ppm. Such excellent gas sensing performance was rarely reported in past reports for the single phase SnO2 material.

    ZnO/ZnSe heterojunction nanocomposites with oxygen vacancies for acetone sensing

    Li Z.Xiong X.Hu X.Wang X....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要:? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Oxygen vacancies ZnO/ZnSe heterojunction was designed by incorporating ZnSe into ZIF-8 derived ZnO followed by an annealing process. The as-prepared material possessed excellent acetone sensing properties even at low concentrations and is expected to be used in the non-invasive detection of diabetes in patients. Using a facile hydrothermal method, pristine ZnO and ZnSe were prepared, and then they were mixed and thermally annealed to form the composite. Subsequently, the materials were characterized by using various techniques such as XRD, XPS, EPR, etc. According to the sensing study, the highest response of the material in 1 ppm acetone was as high as 5.8, which was 2.3 times that of pure ZnO. In addition, the as-prepared composite was less sensitive to interfering gases, which indicates the feasibility of developing highly sensitive acetone sensors based on this material. Thus, the material prepared in this work may be applied to the non-invasive detection of diabetes in patients, and hence it is worthy to conduct further in-depth research.

    Multi-functioning of CeO2-SnO2 heterostructure as room temperature ferromagnetism and chemiresistive sensors

    Motaung D.E.Tshabalala Z.P.Oosthuizen D.N.Swart H.C....
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要:? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Fabrication of novel materials with multi-functional active structure properties that can be used for gas sensing with augmented sensitivity, quick response-recovery rates and improved selectivity still present significant scientific challenges. The continuing interest in the design of such materials is driven by the increased emission of toxic gases in the industrial processes that result in detrimental threats to public health and environmental sustainability. Thus, the realisation in fabricating these materials for functional spin-based information processing devices remains indefinable due to numerous fundamental challenges. Consequently, in this work, we report on the room temperature chemiresistive gas sensing and ferromagnetism active structure based on the designed heterostructured CeO2-SnO2 nano-oxide interface. We elucidate that the optimised sensing material (CeO2-SnO2-300 °C), annealing at 300 °C, can detect ammonia (NH3) gas at low concentration (parts-per-million, ppm) levels with rapid response-recovery times and improved sensitivity. The excellent selectivity towards NH3 amongst other gases, such as CO, CH4, H2, H2S, ethanol and NO2, ensures adequate safety in detecting NH3 hazards. Based on the NH3 sensing characteristics, the tentative sensing mechanism was postulated. Moreover, the well-defined room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) was observed for mixed CeO2-SnO2-300 nano-oxide. The enhanced gas sensing response and RTFM were attributed to the concomitant structural improvements resulting from the high surface area, the relative concentration of oxygen vacancies and Ce3+ ions at the surface of CeO2 for the CeO2-SnO2-300 °C sample. These findings provide additional insights into the design of novel multi-functional nanomaterials with striking magnetic ordering and enhanced gas sensing.