查看更多>>摘要：This research investigates the effects of using different lipid formulations (100% beef fat, 85% beef fat+15% olive oil, or 70% beef fat+30% olive oil) in fermented turkey sausages on protein-lipid oxidation, in vitro digestibility, and related quality parameters. The use of olive oil results in decreased fat content, modified fatty acid profile, and increased pH value, acidity, and water activity, besides changes are recorded in instrumental quality and sensory features. Lipid oxidation is higher in samples with 30% olive oil than in the others. Carbonyl content increases depending on oil level and storage time. α-aminoadipic semialdehyde is only detected in products containing 30% olive oil and their concentrations increased with storage, γ-glutamic semialdehyde also increases by olive oil inclusion, but decrements are recorded during storage. Increasing olive oil results in increased pepsin digestibility but losses are recorded in both pepsin and trypsin plus α-chymotrypsin digestion rates during storage. Practical applications: Inclusion of vegetable oils into meat product formulations has been preferred recently to supply healthier products, but in this situation, oxidative deterioration again becomes a considerable problem affecting overall quality. The data obtained from the present work wil contribute to understand the impacts of formulation and processing operations on the formation of oxidation products and change in digestibility, thereby to pioneer further research on this topic.
Anna GrygierMarzena Gawrysiak-WitulskaAleksander Siger
13页
查看更多>>摘要：The moisture content of Camelina sativa seeds has to be maintained at 7-12% during storage in order to preserve their quality. If seeds with higher moisture contents are to be stored, they first need to be dried. This study presents the effects of high-temperature drying (at 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 °C) of C. sativa seeds on the technological usefulness (expressed as the acid value) and bioactive compound content (as polyenoic fatty acid, vitamin-E active compounds, and phytosterols). It is shown that drying temperature significantly affects levels of bioactive compounds. Losses of phytosterols reached a maximum of 24% (for temperatures in the 80-140 °C range), while losses of tocopherols range from 2-11%, depending on cultivar. A change in the percentage composition of polyenoic acids is observed upon air drying at 100-140 °C. It is recommended not to exceed 60 °C when drying C. sativa seeds, in order to guarantee that high-quality cold-pressed oil with high levels of bioactive compounds is obtained. Practical application: The seeds of Camelina sativa, like other oilseeds, require appropriate storage after harvesting in order to maintain continuity of production. Maintaining the high seed quality during storage requires drying them after harvesting to a moisture content of 7-12%. Drying conditions have a significant effect on seed quality, expressed as acid number, and also affect the levels of bioactive compounds (such as polyene fatty acids, tocopherols, plastochromanol-8, and phytosterols) in the oil. Information on optimum drying conditions will contribute to the availability of high-quality camelina oils produced by small local manufacturers.
查看更多>>摘要：To provide a new, safe, and efficient way to produce hydrogenated oils, a loaded Pd/MWCNTs catalyst is studied and applied to the catalytic transfer of soybean oil under ultrasound conditions. Pd is loaded onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by impregnation, and the Pd loading is ≈0.8%. Through X-ray diffraction analysis, it is found that the characteristic emission peaks of Pd appear at the 20 = 40.3°, 46.7°, and 68.2° locations. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy reveals that the catalyst is uniformly dispersed and less agglomerated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra show that Pd is successfully loaded onto MWCNTs. Pd/MWCNTs catalyst is then applied to the catalytic transfer of hydrogenated soybean oil. The results show that when ultrasonic power is 100 W, catalyst concentration is 2.0% w/w, hydrogenation temperature is 80 °C, donor concentration is 0.32 mol/50 mL H2O, the maximum hydrogenation conversion is 31.97%, and the content of trans-fatty acid is only 1.52%. Pd/MWCNTs catalyst can be recycled for four times in catalytic hydrogenation of soybean oil, and the activity of the catalyst decreases to 78.5% at the fourth time. Practical Application (PA): In this study, Pd is well loaded on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by means of ultrasound. The ultrasonic assisted Pd/MWCNTs catalyst catalyzes the transfer hydrogenation of soybean oil. The hydrogenation conversion rate of soybean oil is significantly improved by this method, and the content of trans fatty acid in hydrogenated soybean oil is low. The Pd/MWCNTs can be recycled for four times as a catalyst.
查看更多>>摘要：Evening primrose oil has a high market value due to its rich unsaturated fatty acids, so it is likely to be adulterated under the drive of economic interests. In this study, evening primrose oil's fatty acid and physicochemical properties are systematically determined, and the characteristic fatty acids are screened out. The feasibilities of GC-MS and FT-IR in identifying oil adulteration are also evaluated. Evening primrose oil's major fatty acids are linoleic acid (C18:2), γ-linolenic acid (C18:3n6), palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1), and stearic acid (C18:0). In addition, palmitoleic acid (C16:l), hexadecadienoic acid (C16:2), nonadecanoic acid (C19:0), eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3), erucic acid (C22:1), tricosanoic acid (C23:0) and lignoceric acid (C24:0) are rarely detected in other related studies on the evening primrose oil. This study uses fatty acids as indicators, hierarchical cluster analysis, and cosine similarity analysis to identify the evening primrose oil mixed with >5% peanut oil and >10% sunflower oil. Besides, the principal component analysis also distinguishes evening primrose oil blended with different proportions of peanut and sunflower oils. In summary, this study confirms that fatty acids can be characteristic indexes to identify adulterated evening primrose oil by GC-MS and FT-IR combined with chemometrics. Practical Applications: This study further clarifies the major and characteristic fatty acids of evening primrose oil. On this basis, the adulteration of evening primrose oil (taking peanut oil and sunflower oil as an example) is identified. Therefore, it is helpful to assess the quality and identify the authenticity of the evening primrose oil, which is vital for the stability of the evening primrose oil market and the interests of consumers. These methods combined with chemometrics can also be extended to ensure the certification of other oils and to classify oils into different classes. The improvements in vegetable oil quality will also benefit the vegetable oil industry and control bodies.
查看更多>>摘要：Properties of shrimp oil/soybean oil (30:70)-in-water emulsion stabilized using fish myofibrillar protein (FMP) at different concentrations (15,30, and 45 mg mL~(-1)) are investigated. When FMP concentration increases, emulsion activity index decreases (p < 0.05). Conversely, emulsion stability index, adsorbed protein, and interfacial protein contents are augmented (p < 0.05). During storage of 15 days, emulsion added with FMP at 45 mg mL~(-1) (FMP-45) has the highest turbidity, zeta potential, viscosity, and viscoelastic properties (G' and G") than the others (p < 0.05). Emulsions show shear-thinning and non-Newtonian behavior. The emulsion added with FMP at 15 and 30 mg mL~(-1) (FMP-15 and FMP-30, respectively) has dominant viscous properties (G' < G"), whereas FMP-45 shows elastic gel-like behavior (G' >G") (p < 0.05). Lower droplet size (d_(32) and d_(43)), polydispersity index (PDI), flocculation (Fi), and coalescence (Ci) are observe in FMP-45 (p < 0.05). Microstructure reveals smaller droplet size and smaller increase in droplet size of FMP-45 after storage. Overall, all emulsions remain stable with no obvious phase separation throughout the storage. Confocal laser scanning microscopic images show that increase in FMP concentration can yield monodisperse emulsion. Therefore, fish myofibrillar protein exhibits excellent emulsifying property and stability for shrimp/soybean oils-in-water emulsion. Practical Applications: Oil from shrimp hepatopancreas, a byproduct from hepatopancreas free whole shrimp, is well known for their health benefits. It can be used to produce functional food emulsion such as mayonnaise. The use off ish myofibrillar protein is proven to be a potential emulsifier, which can improve emulsifying properties. The obtained emulsion is stable without no phase separation during the extended storage. This finding can be beneficial for food industries to produce food emulsion rich in high quality protein and polyunsaturated fatty acid. Also, hepatopancreas can be fully exploited.
查看更多>>摘要：This work aims to evaluate the effect of cosmetic formulations on the skin permeation of phloridzin acetates, therefore in vitro transdermal delivery of these bioactive compounds across Strat-M membrane is investigated. The formulations tested are gel emulsion, oil in water emulsion (O/W emulsion), gel in oil emulsion, liquid crystal emulsion, and liposomes dispersed in gel. The release of esters from the O/W emulsion is diffusion-controlled (n = 0.5), while release kinetics from gel-based formulations depends on coupled diffusion and polymer relaxations effect (0.5 < n < 1). The highest values of effective diffusion coefficient are obtained after release from O/W emulsion (24.64 × 10~(-10) m~2 min~(-1) for phloridzin acetate and 6.55 × 10~(-10) m~2 min~(-1) for phloridzin diacetate). The lag phase lasting from 1 h (gel emulsion) to 5 h (liquid crystal emulsion) indicates that esters permeation is significantly affected by the formulation used. Formulations in which the water is continuous phase are the most appropriate carrier system for transdermal delivery of phloridzin esters. Additionally, liposomes are successfully applied as carrier systems for the controlled release of esters, although it should be noted that liposomes without cholesterol show remarkable stability (ζ = -43 mV) and homogeneity (polydispersity index = 0.198). Practical application: Phloridzin is a flavonoid glycoside that possesses many beneficial activities such as antioxidant, UV-protecting, and anti-inflammatory activity, so the use of this flavonoid and its derivatives in numerous cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations seems very attractive. Results obtained in this study give a comprehensive insight into the release mechanism of phloridzin acetates from emulsions and liposomes, enable the selection of optimum cosmetic formulations depending on the application, and provide significant scientific contribution in the field of topical administration of bioactive flavonoid derivatives.
NSTL
Wiley