首页期刊导航|Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science
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Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science
Elsevier Science Publishers
Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science

Elsevier Science Publishers

0016-7061

Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science/Journal Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science
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    Assessment of desertification using modified MEDALUS model in the north Nile Delta, Egypt

    Abuzaid, Ahmed S.Abdelatif, Abdelatif D.
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Understanding spatial patterns of environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs) to desertification is essential for sustainable land use in the drylands. This work is a novel trial for integrating the erosion quality index (EQI) with a modified Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use (MEDALUS) method and factor analysis to define ESAs to desertification. The model was then applied within 8607.13 km(2) (860713 ha) in the north Nile Delta of Egypt as a case study. Climate data, satellite imageries, field observations, and samples collected from 105 soil profiles were analyzed to characterize five thematic quality indices of soil, climate, vegetation, management, and erosion. These indices were weighted based on the factor analysis (FA) and superimposed under the GIS environment in a single map using the weighted sum model. The proposed model showed that 72% of the total area was classified as critical-sensitive to desertification where 70% was classified as highly-critical, while 2% as moderately-critical. No significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed between the results of the proposed model and those calculated by the geometric mean algorithm (MEDALUS model) with R-2 and root mean square error of 0.88 and 0.11, respectively. The average linear sensitivity analysis showed that using weights derived from the FA could assimilate the results of the proposed model closer to reality rather than equal weights used in the MEDALUS model. The developed model would improve the insight into desertification processes in the studied area, thereby suitable conservation practices would be adopted in time.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Sorption and desorption of organic matter in soils as affected by phosphate

    Spohn, MarieDiakova, KaterinaAburto, FelipeDoetterl, Sebastian...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：The contribution of different adsorption processes to soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization and the consequences of the intensification of land use on the adsorption of SOM are not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the adsorption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soils as well as desorption of organic carbon (OC) caused by phosphate addition. We conducted desorption and sorption experiments with DOC, phosphate (Na2HPO4), and chloride (KCl) in topsoil and subsoil samples from a Ferralsol, an Andosol, and a Podzol. Furthermore, we quantified the size of DOC by size-exclusion chromatography.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Micro-analytical study of the distribution of iron phases in ferromanganese nodules

    Sipos, PeterKovacs, IvettBalazs, RekaToth, Adrienn...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：The differentiation of Fe and Mn within the nodules and its relation to the fabric is a well-known phenomenon. However, the relationship of this differentiation to the nodules mineralogy was not studied yet. This study aimed to fill this gap through the micro-mineralogical and geochemical investigation of nodules from soils with different hydromorphic conditions by electron probe microanalysis and micro-X-Ray diffractometry.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Use of X-ray tomography for examining root architecture in soils

    Hou, Lei (Helen)Gao, Weider Bom van, FrederikWeng, Zhe (Han)...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Despite the critical importance of roots within soils for supporting plant growth, the assessment of root distribution in soils remains difficult and much is unknown regarding their behaviour. In this review, we examine X-ray computed tomography (CT) as a non-invasive method for examining root distribution in soils. X-ray CT enables three-dimensional reconstruction of soil cores to accurately estimate a wide range of features within the soil, including roots, not only examining changes spatially but also temporally. With the development of high-end X-ray CT systems and image processing algorithms, this approach can now be used to examine a range of factors, including root system architecture, soil-root interactions, soil pore architecture, soil biophysical interactions, and soil microorganism behaviour. In addition, we examine the use of synchrotron-based X-ray CT which has been used to provide better resolution, larger sample analysis, faster scanning, and images with greater contrast compared to conventional systems.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The effectiveness of digital soil mapping with temporal variables in modeling soil organic carbon changes

    Yang, Ren-MinLiu, Li-AnZhang, XinHe, Ri-Xing...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：The effectiveness of using changes in environmental conditions to explain the spatiotemporal variability in soil organic carbon (SOC) with digital soil mapping (DSM) requires investigation. In this study, temporal variables representing temporal patterns of climate, vegetation, and land cover factors were explored. Models to predict SOC stocks were developed using a random forest algorithm and data from China during two periods (the 1980s and 2010s). We forecasted and hindcasted the developed models and assessed their temporal projections against temporally independent data. Models were developed for both periods using different sets of variables (with/without temporal variables), and their temporal projections were compared. The important temporal variables were identified by applying the recursive feature elimination algorithm. The results showed that the performances of temporal projections for the 1980s and 2010s were improved by approximately 17% and 47%, respectively, when temporal variables were included in the models. Spatially, the maps of changes in SOC stocks derived from the models that included temporal variables presented stronger associations with temporal changes in climate, vegetation, and land cover than those derived from the models that did not include temporal variables. This work highlights that variation in SOC stocks can be linked to temporal patterns of environmental factors. The findings also provide evidence that the application of temporal patterns of environmental factors to DSM models can be useful for the large-scale prediction of changes in SOC.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Organic phosphorus forms in a tropical sandy soil after application of organic residues of different quality

    Jantamenchai, MetaweeSukitprapanon, Tanabhat-SakornTulaphitak, DuangsamornMekboonsonglarp, Wanwimon...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：The addition of organic materials can improve soil fertility and phosphorus availability in agricultural soils. However, knowledge of organic P (Po) forms in soils with the incorporation of different quality residues is limited. This study investigated Po forms and determined the relationship between Po and soil properties in tropical sandy soils after application of local organic residues of different qualities, including groundnut stover (GN), tamarind leaf litter (TM), diptemcarp leaf litter (DP), and rice straw (RS). The Po forms were determined using a sequential extraction procedure and P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Addition of residues, regardless of quality, had little effect on total Po accumulation, but it affected soil Po forms. Labile Po was a dominant form after incorporating high-quality residue (high nitrogen, low lignin, and low polyphenols) (e.g., GN), whereas nonlabile humic-Po and residual Po were dominant forms in soils treated with lower-quality residue with low N, high lignin, and high polyphenols (e.g., TM, DP, and RS). Using P-31 NMR spectroscopy, orthophosphate and phosphate monoester (mono-P) were the major forms of inorganic P and organic P in all residue-treated soils, respectively. High-quality residue incorporation increased diester, DNA, and teichoic acid. The results showed that phosphonate occurred in GN soil because of acidic conditions occurring when GN was applied. The Po forms in lower-quality residue additions were dominated by mono-P because these residues had elevated contents of lignin and polyphenols, which has the potential to produce humic substances that form complexes with soil minerals. Furthermore, the nonlabile Po had a positive association with available P in tropical sandy soils.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Using carbonate absorbance peak to select the most suitable regression model before predicting soil inorganic carbon concentration by mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy

    Gomez, CecileChevallier, TiphaineMoulin, PatriciaArrouays, Dominique...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Mid-Infrared reflectance spectroscopy (MIRS, 4000-400 cm(-1)) is being considered to provide accurate estimations of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) contents, based on prediction models when the test dataset is well represented by the calibration set, with similar SIC range and distribution and pedological context. This work addresses the case where the test dataset, here originating from France, is poorly represented by the calibration set, here originating from Tunisia, with different SIC distributions and pedological contexts. It aimed to demonstrate the usefulness of 1) classifying test samples according to SIC level based on the height of the carbonate absorbance peak at 2510 cm(-1), and then 2) selecting a suitable prediction model according to SIC level. Two regression methods were tested: Linear Regression using the height of the carbonate peak at 2510 cm(-)(1), called Peak-LR model; and Partial Least Squares Regression using the entire MIR spectrum, called Full-PLSR model. First, our results showed that Full-PLSR was 1) more accurate than Peak-LR on the Tunisian validation set (R-val(2) = 0.99 vs. 0.86 and RMSEval = 3.0 vs. 9.7 g kg(-1) , respectively), but 2) less accurate than Peak-LR when applied on the French dataset (R-test(2) = 0.70 vs. 0.91 and RMSEtest = 13.7 vs. 4.9 g kg(-1), respectively). Secondly, on the French dataset, predictions on SIC-poor samples tended to be more accurate using Peak-LR, while predictions on SIC-rich samples tended to be more accurate using Full-PLSR. Thirdly, the height of the carbonate absorbance peak at 2510 cm(-1) might be used to discriminate SIC-poor and SIC-rich test samples (<5 vs. > 5 g kg(-1)): when this height was > 0, Full-PLSR was applied; otherwise Peak-LR was applied. Coupling Peak-LR and Full-PLSR models depending on the carbonate peak yielded the best predictions on the French dataset (R-test(2) = 0.95 and RMSEtest = 3.7 g kg(-1)). This study underlined the interest of using a carbonate peak to select suitable regression approach for predicting SIC content in a database with different distribution than the calibration database.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Pores size distribution and pores volume density of Mollisols and Vertisols under different cropping intensity managements with no-tillage

    Kraemer, Filipe BehrendsCastiglioni, MarioMorras, HectorFernandez, Patricia...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：In the Argentina Pampas, one of the most extensive agricultural areas in the temperate fringe of southern hemisphere, soil health is jeopardized mostly by the decline of physical and biological properties due to soil fragility and agricultural managements, even under No-tillage (NT). In this study, topsoil physical health of three Mollisols and one Vertisol under two agricultural managements with no-tillage (good and poor agricultural practices -GAP and PAP-, differing mostly in their cropping intensity -CI-) was evaluated by the indirect measurement of porosity features. Two types of pore features derived from soil water release curves (SWRC) of undisturbed samples at three depths (0.0-0.05, 0.05-0.010 and 0.010-0.20 m) were employed: a) pores size distribution (>1000, 300, 50 and < 50 mu m) and b) pore volume density parameters: location (D-mode, D-mean and D-median) and shape (SD, Skewness and Kurtosis). Pore parameters were related to management variables, to clay mineralogy and to several soil physical and chemical properties allowing to i) evaluate the effects of cropping intensification on soil physical properties; ii) evaluate the effects of intrinsic and dynamics factors on the behaviour of pore variable; iii) build an optimal pore size frequency curve to assess soil health. Among all porosity features assessed, P-mac>300 (mu m) and D-mode showed close relationships with agricultural management variables and were positively related to a labile organic carbon fraction (POCc) and to the aggregates stability tests, regardless of the soil type. Thus, they both may be selected as sound indicators of physical health status of different pampean soils under NT cultivation. Particularly, in the PAP treatments and for the three depths evaluated, P-mac>300 (mu m) showed values below critical thresholds, highlighting the physical deterioration of soils subjected to this management. Cropping intensification expressed by the CI index was also strongly related with large pores and soil properties (i.e. organic carbon and aggregates stability). These results demonstrate that cropping intensification expressed by the CI index was effective to counteract compaction processes in a variety of soils of the Pampa region and must be seen as an important strategy to avoid porosity loss and to improve the benefits of NT.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A spatiotemporal framework reveals contrasting factors shape biocrust microbial and microfaunal communities in the Chihuahuan Desert

    Omari, HaneenPietrasiak, NicoleFerrenberg, ScottNishiguchi, Michele K....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Biocrusts are soil-surface communities composed of autotrophic and heterotrophic microbiota that affect nutrient cycling, plant performance, soil hydrology and stability within drylands. Biocrust community composition is mostly thought to be driven by abiotic factors, but the structure of the bacteria, fungi, protist, and microfauna taxa are rarely documented simultaneously or over time. In this study, we examined the composition, abundance, and diversity of microbes (bacteria and fungi) and microfauna (protists and microscopic microfauna) in three types of biocrusts among two different vegetative habitats in the northern Chihuahuan Desert during three successive seasons. Microbial groups were identified by phospholipid fatty acid analyses (PLEA) and included actinobacteria, gram-positive bacteria, rhizobia, gram-negative bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and saprophytic fungi. Microfauna were enumerated via microscopy and included nematodes, tardigrades, rotifers, amoebae, ciliates, and flagellates. We found that microbial communities were most affected by biocrust type, whereas microfaunal communities were more influenced by sampling season. Season was also associated with different indicator taxa. Additionally, microbial communities were related to biocrust chemical properties, which changed with season and surrounding vegetation while microfaunal communities were not. In cyanolichen-dominated crusts, but not others, the structure of microbial and microfaunal communities were strongly correlated. Our study highlights possible food web interactions and provides evidence that the co-occurring microbial and microfaunal taxa associated with biocrusts are temporally dynamic and structured by different drivers.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Optimal scaling of predictors for digital mapping of soil properties

    Dicu, Daniel DorinIliuta, AndreiDornik, AndreiChetan, Marinela Adriana...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Scientists have long been developing better and more efficient methods to improve the prediction of the spatial distribution of soils and their presence in the landscape, but research in this field is still needed. This study introduces an algorithm to derive terrain attributes at multiple scales and automatically calibrate the optimal scale for each predictor based on the robust and powerful Random Forests (RF) method, to improve the accuracy of soil property mapping. Experiments are conducted to evaluate to what extent optimally scaled predictors lead to improved accuracy of digital mapping of nine soil properties. The procedure starts with the resampling of the original 12.5 m digital elevation model (DEM) to 25 m, then in 25 m increments to 1000 m, thus resulting in 40 broader versions of the DEM. Ten terrain attributes were derived from each downscaled version of the DEM, resulting in 40 downscaled versions of each terrain attribute. Soil property values are then used to create both a RF model and a linear correlation with every scaled terrain attribute. The script exports two sets of optimally scaled terrain attributes, as defined by the maximum value of the R-squared value and the correlation coefficient, respectively. For each soil property, the predictors were prepared into four pools: optimally scaled predictors based on the RF model; optimally scaled predictors based on the correlation coefficient; all multiscale predictors, and original not scaled predictors. The results proved that more accurate and less uncertain soil property maps could be obtained when predictors are optimally scaled, as compared to maps created with original not scaled or all multiscale predictors. The results further confirm earlier findings that a subset of carefully selected predictors works better for mapping a given soil property: a subset of only 27-53% of predictors led to better maps, as compared to the models based on all the available predictors.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier