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Fish & Shellfish Immunology
Academic Press
Fish & Shellfish Immunology

Academic Press

1050-4648

Fish & Shellfish Immunology/Journal Fish & Shellfish ImmunologySCIISTP
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    Epinephelus coioides PCSK9 affect the infection of SGIV by regulating the innate immune response

    Tang, Yan-NaZhu, ZhengYang, Xin-YueHe, Jia-Yang...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) in mammals is a multifunctional protein. In this study, PCSK9 of marine fish Epinephelus coioides was characterized. The full-length cDNA of E. coioides PCSK9 was 2458 bp in length containing 185 bp 5' UTR, 263 bp 3' UTR and 2010 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 669 amino acids with the predicted molecular weight of 71 kDa and the theoretical PI of 6.6. Similar to other members of PCSK9 family, E. coioides PCSK9 has three conserved domains: Inhibitor 19 super family, Peptidases_ S8_ PCSK9_ Pmteinase K_ like, and PCSK9_ C-CRD super family. E. coioides PCSK9 mRNA could be detected in all the tissues examined by real-time quantitative PCR, with the highest expression in the brain, followed by skin, trunk kidney, head kidney, intestine, blood, liver, spleen, gill, muscle and heart. E. coioides PCSK9 was distributed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. The expression of E. coioides PCSK9 was significantly upregulated during Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) infection. Upregulated PCSK9 could significantly affect the activities of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappa B) promoter, SGIV-induced apoptosis, and the expressions of the key SGIV genes (ICP18, LITAT, MCP, and VP19) and the E. coioides proinflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1 p, IL-8, and TNF-alpha). The results illustrated that E. coioides PCSK9 might be involved in the pathogen infection by regulating the innate immune response.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Role of dietary Spirulina platensis and betaine supplementation on growth, hematological, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant status, immune responses, and disease resistance in Nile tilapia

    Awad, Laila Z.El-Mahallawy, Heba S.Abdelnaeim, Noha S.Mahmoud, Manal M. A....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Spirulina platensis is, a freshwater microalga, broadly used worldwide. It not only stimulates the immune systems of aquatic organisms but also provides a protein-rich diet and commonly used in the manufacture of aquafeeds. This study was planned to evaluate the growth performance, hepato-renal, and immune response biomarkers of Spirulina and Betaine on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and their protective effect against infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. O. niloticus juveniles (20.22 +/- 0.86 g) were divided into four groups (n = 10 per replicate). For 8 weeks, the first and second groups (T-S&T-B) were fed with 0.5% and 0.3% concentrations of Spirulina and Betaine supplemented diets, respectively; the third group (T-SB) was fed with a Spirulina and Betaine mixed diet; the fourth group was fed with a basal diet (without supplementation, T-0), which served as control. Dietary inclusion of Spirulina and Betaine significantly improved (P < 0.05) the weight gain, final weight, and food conversion ratio, especially in the Ts group. The activities of hepatic malonaldehyde were unchanged in T-S&T-SB groups and the muscular significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the same groups, while both increased in the T-B group; meanwhile, levels of glutathione reductase were significantly upregulated in all treated groups. Serum interleukins, TNF- alpha, and IL-10 levels were also significantly reduced in all treatment groups. A significant protective power against pathogenic Aeromonas infection was evidenced in all treated groups. Findings in this study highlight the reputation of Spirulina and Betaine as immunostimulants and protective agents against A. hydrophila infection in O. niloticus.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Membrane orthologs of TLR5 of tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis: Expression patterns, signaling pathway and antibacterial property

    Li, Xue-pengSun, Jia-qiSui, Zhi-haiZhang, Jian...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Mammalian toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is crucial for recognizing bacterial flagellin and initiating the inflammatory signaling cascades via myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling pathway, which plays vital roles in innate immune against pathogenic bacteria. Herein, we reported the signaling pathway and antibacterial property of tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) membrane forms of TLR5 (i.e. CsTLR5M1 and CsTLR5M2). CsTLR5M1/M2 contain 936 and 885 amino acid residues respectively. CsTLR5M1 shares 86.7% overall sequence identities with CsTLR5M2. CsTLR5M1/M2 possess the same extracellular domain (ECD) and transmembrane domain (TMD), but the different toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. CsTLR5M1/M2 expression occurred constitutively in multiple tissues and regulated by bacterial stimulation. Recombinant CsTLR5M1/M2 (rCsTLR5M) could bind to flagellin and Gram-negative/positive bacteria, which could suppress bacterial growth. Stimulation of the CsTLR5M pathway by flagellin resulted in increased expression of MyD88-dependent signaling molecules and inflammatory cytokines. Blocking rCsTLR5M by antibody markedly reduced the phagocytosis and ROS production of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), which in turn in vivo promoted the dissemination of bacteria. Overall, these observations add new insights into the signaling pathway and immune function of teleost TLR5M.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Cortisol modulates glucose metabolism and oxidative response after acute high temperature stress in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

    Wang, YutingLiu, ZhaoqunLiu, ChangLiu, Ranyang...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Cortisol is the main stress hormone that plays crucial roles in energy metabolism and immune response in vertebrates. In the present study, the homologues of 11 beta-hydroxystemid dehydrogenase type 1 (designated Cg11 beta-HSD1) and 5 alpha-reductase 1 (designated Cg5 alpha R1), the key enzymes related to cortisol metabolism, were identified from Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The Cg11 beta-HSD1 harbored a conserved SDR domain, and Cg5 alpha R1 contained a Steroid_dh domain and three transmembrane domains. The mRNA transcripts of Cg11 beta-HSDI and Cg5 alpha R1 were constitutively expressed in all the examined tissues of oysters, with the highest expression level in haemocytes and labial palp, respectively. After acute high temperature stress (28 degrees C), the mRNA expression level of Cg11 beta-HSD1 in hepatopancreas significantly up-regulated at 6 h and 12 h, and that of Cg5 alpha R1 upregulated at 6 h, compared with the Blank group (11 degrees C). The concentration of cortisol and glucose, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in hepatopancreas all significantly up-regulated after acute high temperature stress, while the glycogen concentration in adductor muscle decreased significantly at 6 h and 12 h. After the blockage of Cg11 beta-HSDI with metyrapone, the cortisol concentration and the activities of SOD and CAT significantly decreased after acute high temperature stress, the glucose concentration in hepatopancreas significantly increased at 24 h, and the glycogen concentration in adductor muscle significantly increased at 6 h. These results collectively suggested that cortisol played a crucial role in regulating glucose metabolism and oxidative response in oysters upon acute high temperature stress.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Transcriptomic characterization of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) head kidney following administration of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida vaccine

    Fu, QiangZhang, HaoLi, YuqingGao, Chengbin...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Atlantic salmon is one of the most famous and economically important fish species globally. However, bacterial diseases constantly constrain salmon aquaculture. Thereinto, Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida (ASM), classified as atypical A. salmonicida, caused huge losses to salmonid industry in China. In this regard, we conducted transcriptome analysis in Atlantic salmon head kidney following the administration of ASM vaccination to reveal genes, their expression patterns, and pathways involved in immune responses. A total of 448.71 million clean reads were obtained, and 397.69 million reads were mapped onto the Atlantic salmon reference genome. In addition, 117, 1891, 741, 207, and 377 genes were significantly up-regulated, and 183, 1920, 695, 83, and 539 genes were significantly down-regulated post ASM vaccination at 12 h, 24 h, 1 m, 2 m, and 3 m, respectively. Furthermore, KEGG pathway analysis revealed that many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following ASM vaccination were involved in cell adhesion molecules (H2-Aa-l and CD28-l),cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (IL10, CXCL9, CXCL11, CXCR3, and CCL19), herpes simplex infection (IL1B, SOCS3-l, and C3-l), HTLV-I infection (Il1r2 and BCL2L1), influenza A (CXCL8 and Il12b), and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (PIK3R3-l and Ddit4-l). Finally, the results of qRT-PCR showed a significant correlation with RNA-Seq results, suggesting the reliability of RNA-Seq for gene expression analysis. This study sets the foundation for further study on the vaccine protective mechanism in Atlantic salmon as well as other teleost species.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Dietary supplementation with Gracilaria gracilis by-products modulates the immune status and oxidative stress response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) stimulated with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida

    Silva-Brito, FranciscaCardoso, AlexandraMachado, MarinaRamos-Pinto, Lourenco...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study evaluated the effects of agar waste (AW) dietary supplementation, obtained from the seaweed Gracilaria gracilis cultivated under two different spectral lights, neutral (NT) and blue (BL), on haematological parameters, inflammatory response, and antioxidant biomarkers of gilthead seabream (Spares aurata). Three diets were prepared: i) a basal diet (CTR), ii) a diet supplemented with 2.5% NT, and iii) a diet supplemented with 2.5% BL. After 15 days of feeding, fish were injected with PBS (placebo) or inactivated Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (stimulated) and sampled at 4 h and 24 h post-stimulus. Results indicated that fish fed NT and BL supplemented diets had lower Ht value and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) than fish fed the CTR diet, regardless of the stimulus and the sampling time. No differences in mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) were found between fish fed the different diets, while the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) increased in fish fed AW supplemented diets compared to fish fed the CTR diet, regardless of the stimulus and the sampling time. In response to inflammation, fish fed the NT diet displayed higher neutrophils count in blood when compared to the CTR group, regardless of the stimulus and sampling time. Thrombocyte count was higher in fish fed NT and BL diets than in the CTR group, especially in the stimulated fish (Diet*injection (D*I), P = 0.004). An increase in plasma protease activity was detected in fish fed NT or BL diets in both placebo and stimulated fish regardless of the sampling time. Hepatic catalase activity was higher in fish fed the NT and BL than in the CTR group, particularly in the stimulated fish (DI, P < 0.001). In addition, both stimulated and placebo fish that received the BL diet showed an increase in hepatic GR activity compared to the CTR group, regardless of the sampling time. Dietary supplementation with AW by-products obtained from G. gracilis cultured under NT and BL conditions showed to improve the inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms in gilthead seabream in response to a UV-killed bacterial stimulus, having valuable applications for the sustainable use of seaweed toward improving the health and welfare of cultured fish.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Downregulated pol-miR-140-3p induces the expression of the kinesin family member 5A against Streptococcus parauberis infection in olive flounder

    Kim, Woo RyungLee, Yun JuBae, Woo HyeonLee, Du Hyeong...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that participate in various biological and cellular processes by regulating target gene expression. miRNAs are also known to play vital roles in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including infections, as well as the disease progression and defense responses. In this study, we examined the expression levels of pol-miR-140-3p and its target gene, kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A), in association with the Streptococcus parauberis (S. parauberis) infection, a major bacterial pathogen that causes streptococcosis in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). KIF5A is a heavy chain isoform of kinesin-1, which is known to be brain-specific, and this study is the first examination of KIF5A expression related to the regulation of miRNA in olive flounder (named PoKIF5A). There were significant differences in expression levels between infected and healthy olive flounder as the expression of pol-miR-140-3p in the infected fish was lower than that in the control, while the expression of PoKIF5A was higher in the infected fish than in the healthy controls. These contradictory results suggest that downregulated pol-miR-140-3p induces the expression of PoKIF5A against S. parauberis infection in olive flounder.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    MYC drives autophagy to adapt to stress in Penaeus vannamei

    Zhuang, XueQiHuang, LinLiu, CanWang, FeiFei...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：MYC pmto-oncogene (MYC), a first oncogenic nuclear transcription factor isolated from the human genome, belongs to the helix loop helix/leucine zipper protein family (bHLHzip). MYC plays an important part in the process of various physiological and biochemical of vertebrate, such as cell growth, proliferation, cycle, and autophagy. However, its molecular regulation mechanism and function in invertebrates are still unclear. In this study, a novel transcription factor MYC gene was screened, cloned, and characterized from Penaeus vannamei. The open reading frame of PvMYC was 1593bp, encode a polypeptide of 530 amino acids with molecular weight of 58.5 kDa, and a theoretical PI of 5.75. The results of tissue distribution showed that PvMYC was constitutively expressed in all detected tissues, and highest expression in hepatopancreas. The expression level of PvMYC up-regulated significantly and responded to low temperature stress by nuclear ectopic after low temperature stress. Overexpression of PvMYC in shrimp hemocytes negatively regulated the expression of Beclin-1 and reduced the conversion from LC3I to LC3II, yet p62 was decreased significantly. Meanwhile, RAPA eliminated the inhibition of autophagy caused by overexpression of PvMYC. ROS levels and autophagy flux showed the similar trend under low temperature stress after silencing PvMYC. The expression levels of Beclin-1, key ATG gene and LC3II increased significantly, while p62 decreased significantly under the same conditions. In addition, the Total hemocyte count (THC) decreased sharply, and accelerated the injury of hepatopancreas under low temperature stress after silencing PvMYC. Collectively, these results suggest that PvMYC has vital role in the cold adaptation mechanism of P. vannamei by negatively regulating autophagy.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Comparative analysis on the immunoregulatory roles of ferritin M in hybrid fish (Carassius cuvieri female x Carassius auratus red var male) and its parental species after bacterial infection

    Xiong, Ning-XiaHuang, Jin-FangLi, Ke-XinLi, Shi-Yun...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Ferritin M is involved in the regulation of fish immunity. In this study, open reading frame (ORF) sequences of ferritin M from hybrid fish and its parental species were 534 bp. Tissue-specific analysis indicated that the highest level of ferritin M from red crucian carp was observed in kidney, while peaked expressions of ferritin M from white crucian carp and hybrid carp were observed in gill. Elevated levels of ferritin M from hybrid carp and its parental species were detected in immune-related tissues following Aeromonas hydrophila infection or in cultured fish cell lines after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Ferritin M overexpression could attenuate NF-kappa B and TNF alpha promoter activity in their respective fish cells. Purified ferritin M fusion proteins elicited in vitro binding activity to A. hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda, lowered bacterial dissemination to tissues and alleviated inflammatory response. Furthermore, treatment with ferritin M fusion proteins could mitigate bacteria-induced liver damage and rescue antioxidant activity. These results suggested that ferritin M in hybrid fish showed a similar immune defense against bacteria infection in comparison with those of its parental species.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of low salinity on hemolymph osmolality and transcriptome of the Iwagaki oyster, Crassostrea nippona

    Gong, JianwenYu, HongLiu, ShikaiKong, Lingfeng...
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：Crassostrea nippona is a kind of oysters with great development value as it can be edible in summer for its late reproductive period. Salinity is one of the important limiting abiotic factors to the survival and distribution of this stenohaline species. To better understand the physiological and immunological response of C. nippona to varying environmental salinities, the effects of low salinity on the hemolymph osmolality and gill transcriptome were investigated in this study. The osmolality of hemolymph in vivo and surrounding water were assessed regularly over one week at five test salinities ranging from 5 ps mu to 30 ps mu. They reached osmotic equilibrium within hours above 15 ps mu but remained hyperosmotic at 10 and 5 ps mu for the whole sampling period. Through comparative transcriptome analysis, there were less differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pairwise comparison of S1 (10 ps mu) vs S3 (30 ps mu) than in S2 (20 ps mu) vs S3. KEGG enrichment analysis identified ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway specifically enriched at 10 ps mu. This study gained comprehensive insights on the low salinity response of C. nippona at the molecular level, which provide a theoretical basis for understanding the immune mechanism under low salinity stress.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier