期刊,Environmental earth sciences 2025年84卷12期_国家学术搜索

期刊信息/Journal information

Environmental earth sciences

Springer International

主办单位：Springer International

国际刊号：1866-6280

Environmental earth sciences/Journal Environmental earth sciencesSCIISTPEIAHCI

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Spatial quantification of biomass and carbon stock for different land use systems of Kallakurichi and Villupuram districts of Tamil Nadu, India

Kumaraperumal RamalingamPreethi SekarNivas Raj Moorthi

1.1-1.24页

查看更多>>摘要：Abstract The transformations and sudden shift in the land use and land cover systems (LULC) greatly contributes to the human induced greenhouse gas emissions. With the carbon stock and biomass being quantified for each LULC systems, the sequestration potential and its associated parameters can be assessed aiding in the formulation of carbon related policy decisions. Fifteen different LULC classes including the crops cultivated in the study area were delineated by integrating optical (Sentinel 2A), microwave (Sentinel 1A), and its associated vegetation indices (26 Nos.) using several machine learning algorithms (i.e.) Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR), Decision Tree (C5.0) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB). The classification resulted with the random forest having the highest overall accuracy of 71.1% and a kappa coefficient of 0.69, which were enhanced through mask-based delineations. For biomass and stock quantification, a total of 105 observation samples have been collected from the agriculture and forest LULC systems randomly for analysing biomass, bulk density and soil organic carbon using standardized laboratory procedure. The vegetation indices (VI) from both the optical and SAR datasets were then used for the biomass modelling using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). The regression was then performed with different combinations of the vegetation indices framed and their performance being validated using the test datasets partitioned. Though optical datasets had the evident highest correlation with the biomass values, when compared to the SAR datasets, the synergistic combination of both datasets (optical and SAR) increased the overall performance of the model for above ground biomass estimation. The efficiency of the quantifications was assessed based on the R2 and RMSE to indicate the explained variance and the nature of the residuals in the derived model combinations. The integrated optical and the SAR dataset combinations resulted with the R2 and RMSE highest for the training (0.84; 3.78 t/ha) and test (0.96; 2.38 t/ha) datasets for agricultural ecosystem. Similarly, for the forest ecosystem, the R2 and RMSE metrics derived for the training (0.92; 11.25 t/ha) and the test datasets (0.73; 31.01 t/ha) had the highest measure among the combinations derived. The comprehensive results of the study reported that the random forest and MLR algorithm aided through optical and SAR datasets provided optimal classification and regression results, respectively. Further, the modeling framework resulted with sugarcane crop class having the highest total carbon stock values besides the evergreen forest sequestrating the maximum biomass and carbon stock. Thus, each of the agricultural and forest classes indicated their efficiency in accounting the carbon credit, which can be utilized by the policy makers in strategizing the regulations for carbon sequestration, sustainable land management, and climate change mitigation.

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Predicting mechanical properties of freeze-thaw clay under varying compaction levels and confining pressures utilizing GA-BP network and machine learning-aided Duncan-Chang constitutive model

Shijie ZhouChenlang ZhouYiqiang SunMiao Wang...

1.1-1.20页

查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Roads in places with seasonal frost undergo several freeze–thaw (F-T) cycles annually, resulting in variable degrees of deterioration in the mechanical properties of the subgrade. To methodically investigate the mechanical properties of subgrade clay during freeze–thaw cycles and to develop a precise constitutive model, triaxial tests were conducted under the most unfavorable soil conditions. The studies indicate that the degrading impact of the freeze–thaw cycle on the mechanical characteristics of the soil predominantly transpires during the initial freeze–thaw cycle. Soil strength reaches its minimum after the third freeze–thaw cycle, followed by a slight increase, and ultimately stabilizes between the fifth and seventh cycles. The maximum strength reduction at confining pressures of 100 kPa, 200 kPa, and 300 kPa was 39%, 37%, and 33%, respectively. As confining pressure escalates, the reduction in soil strength lessens. The soil demonstrates differing degrees of degradation following F-T cycles at both high and low compaction levels, with the degradation becoming increasingly evident as compaction intensifies. Utilizing the experimental database, a genetic algorithm (GA) enhanced backpropagation neural network (BPNN) model (GA-BPNN) and a BP-aided Duncan-Chang (D-C) model were developed to forecast the mechanical properties of freeze–thaw clay. The R2 values for the two models on the test set were 0.995 and 0.967, respectively. The efficacy of these two models demonstrates that machine learning can attain commendable outcomes in extensive data structures (total stress–strain curve) as well as exhibit superior performance in limited data (model parameters) while developing the constitutive model of soil.

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Probabilistic prediction of rockburst hazard using Monte Carlo simulation and MAIRCA approach

Zheng LiWeizhang LiangPengpeng Lu

1.1-1.22页

查看更多>>摘要：Abstract The prediction of rockburst hazard is of great significance for the safe exploitation of deep mineral resources. To predict the probability of rockburst hazard reliably, a methodology that integrated the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and Multi-Atributive Ideal-Real Comparative Analysis (MAIRCA) approach was proposed in this paper. First, considering the heterogeneity and anisotropy of rock mass, the uniform, normal and triangular distributions were adopted to describe initial indicator information by introducing an uncertainty coefficient. Then, the MCS was used to randomly generate indicator values based on the probability distributions. Subsequently, the maximum deviation method was used to calculate the indicator weights, which can avoid the influence of personal subjectivity. After that, the MAIRCA approach was adopted to determine the rockburst hazard level of each sample, and the probability of rockburst hazard was obtained according to the law of large numbers. Finally, the proposed methodology was applied to predict the rockburst hazard in the Sanshandao gold mine, Laizhou city, Shandong Province, China. In addition, the effectiveness was demonstrated through sensitivity and comparison analyses. Results indicate that the rockburst hazard level is consistent with field conditions, and the proposed methodology is reliable for the probabilistic prediction of rockburst hazard.

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Basin morphometry? It is no longer an issue with HydroMachine toolbox

Mustafa TopsakalEnes DoganSuleyman Sinan YasakFurkan Corapci...

1.1-1.14页

查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Basin morphometry is a numerically examining the shape and topographic characteristics of a drainage basin. Although basin morphometry analyses with GIS have become increasingly common in recent years, the analyses have long preliminary preparation and calculation processes for large areas. The aim of this study is to produce a new toolbox called HydroMachine with a user-friendly interface that contains variables for river basin morphometric parameters under the ArcGIS Pro 3.4 and ArcGIS Desktop 10.8 software. The toolbox was applied to a single watershed to compare it with other morphometry toolboxes and to the regional river basins with 6945 Strahler watersheds to demonstrate its capability and time-consuming. The results show that this new toolbox reduces time for all processes within 3.5 h in a regional test case, eliminates user errors and comprises 11 basin morphometric parameters. It also allows the ranking of basin morphometric parameters for flood susceptibility.

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Evolution of force network, contact network, and tensile force chains in rock-like bonded granular materials under unconfined and confined compression: A DEM study

Min ZhangHeinz KonietzkyZhengyang Song

1.1-1.22页

查看更多>>摘要：Abstract This study numerically investigates contact forces and the contact network in unconfined and confined compression tests on rock-like bonded granular materials using the particle-based discrete element method (DEM). Statistical analysis of contact force magnitudes and polar distributions under varying confining pressures reveals a significant influence of confining pressure on force evolution. Additionally, contact force distribution is closely related to internal structures and external loads. The relationship between contact force and geometrical features of the contact network is analyzed, along with the three-stage evolution of the relationship between force anisotropy and stress ratio, driven by contact network changes. Tensile force chain lengths follow an exponential distribution. Without confinement, tensile force chains remain stable until crack formation, whereas under confinement, they increase in number and length before decreasing due to the occurrence of cracks. Higher confinement results in shorter, fewer tensile force chains. Finally, the number, orientation and force magnitude of new tensile contacts are analyzed to further elucidate tensile contact evolution in bonded granular materials.

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Determination of sediment and TOC, TN, TP accretion rates in restored wetlands

Mengyi WangWanxin TianGang XuZhaona Ding...

1.1-1.10页

查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Sediment accretion rate plays a vital role in wetland performance to improve water quality and to reduce excess contaminant loads into adjacent water. However, a simple and reliable method to measure the sediment accretion rate remains limited. In this study, sediment profiles in the restored wetlands in the Yellow River Delta (YRD) were collected, and a change point technique (CPT) was proposed to determine the recently accreted sediment (RAS). The variables including TOC, TN, TP, and δ13C, which were related to the accumulation of soil organic matter, were more suitable for calculating the depth of the RAS in the restored wetlands. The sediment accretion rate was calculated with the RAS in conjunction with the operational years of the wetland. The results showed that the average sediment, TOC, TN, and TP accretion rates were 0.49 ± 0.08 cm a−1, 138 ± 24 g m−2 a−1, 15.8 ± 2.6 g m−2 a−1, and 2.8 ± 0.4 g m−2 a−1, respectively, for the restored wetlands since 2006 (RW2006). For the restored wetlands since 2002 (RW2002), the sediment, TOC, TN, and TP accretion rates were 0.68 ± 0.05 cm a−1, 268 ± 69 g m−2 a−1, 25.3 ± 5.7 g m−2 a−1, and 5.5 ± 0.8 g m−2 a−1, respectively. These data indicated a significantly higher sediment and nutrient accretion rates in the older restored wetlands. This fact maybe caused by the longer wetland restoration significantly increased sediment organic matter content and sediment accumulation through plant litter decomposition and root stabilization. In conclusion, the CPT technique is a data-driven and high-resolution method, eliminating reliance on stable depositional environments or physical tracers. Therefore, the CPT can be accurately used to determine the sediment accretion rate in restored or constructed wetlands. In future, the restored wetlands will be important for the sediment and nutrient storage in YRD.

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Hydrogeochemical dynamics and seasonal variability of water sources in the Munnar CZO, Southern Western Ghats, India: unveiling chemostatic behaviour

R. SreeleshManab Kumar DuttaG. V. Asha RaniK. Sreelash...

1.1-1.17页

查看更多>>摘要：Abstract This study quantifies hydrochemical dynamics, silicate/carbonate weathering rates, CO2 consumption, and concentration-discharge (C-Q) relationships across intermittent streams (IS), the Amaravathi River, and groundwater (GW) in the Munnar Critical Zone Observatory (CZO), Southern Western Ghats, India. Dominance of Na+, Ca2+, and HCO3− across all water sources reflects active silicate (SW) and carbonate (CW) weathering. Discharge-weighted SW rates peak during monsoon in IS (6.77 t km− 2 yr− 1) and the river (8.17 t km− 2 yr− 1), while CW dominates IS in pre-monsoon (2.89 t km− 2 yr− 1 vs. river: 0.23 t km− 2 yr− 1). Silicate weathering drives CO2 consumption in IS (1.65 × 105 mol km− 2 yr− 1) and the river (2.01 × 105 mol km− 2 yr− 1), with CW contributing 0.40 × 105 and 0.15 × 105 mol km− 2 yr− 1, respectively. Forward geochemical modeling identifies SW as the primary solute source in IS (40%) and GW (34.3%), whereas atmospheric deposition dominates river solutes (46%), followed by SW (41.6%). Carbonate dissolution contributes 23% to GW and 16.2% to IS. Hydrologically, IS exhibit chemostatic behaviour (stable solute concentrations across discharge), contrasting with the river’s chemodynamic responses (seasonal dilution/enrichment linked to monsoon-driven runoff). These results underscore the role of lateritic regolith in buffering IS hydrochemistry and highlight monsoon-driven surface processes controlling river solute variability. By bridging weathering fluxes, CO2 budgets, and hydrological controls, this work provides critical implications for sustainable water management and climate resilience in tropical critical zones.

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Estimation of groundwater recharge by chloride mass balance (CMB) method in some selected wadis, Western Saudi Arabia in (1966–2018)

Maged El OstaMilad MasoudNassir Al-AmriAbdulaziz Alqarawy...

1.1-1.16页

查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Optimal management of groundwater requires conducting numerous studies and measurements to assess its sustainability, especially in arid regions like Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The Quaternary aquifer, which serves as a vital source for drinking water, domestic needs, and irrigation in various wadis in Western Saudi Arabia (WSA), represents the most important renewable groundwater resource within the study area. Therefore, estimating the amount of recharging source to groundwater of this coastal aquifer is one of the most important parameters for predicting groundwater availability to support practical approaches for extraction. This research presents an application of the conventional chloride mass balance (CMB) approach for recharging estimation in three representative wadis in WSA, based on hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics. Results revealed that The Quaternary aquifer system exists under an unconfined condition at depth ranging from 1 m to 110 m in wadi Marawani, from 1.2 m to 100 m in wadi Fatimah and from 0.8 m to 21.7 m in wadi Qanunah, respectively. The estimated recharge to quaternary aquifer lies between 0.75% and 4.25% of effective annual rainfall over each basin. Qanunah basin in the south represents the highest recharging rate compared to wadi Marawani and Fatimah basins in the northwestern direction. These findings are in agreement with recharge rates of similar studies observed in different dry and semi-arid regions of the world such as Western United States Great basin.

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Desiccation crack and volumetric shrinkage of magnesium oxide-treated compacted soil liner in landfill

Kawther Y. H. Al-SoudanyMohammed Y. FattahFalah H. Rahil

1.1-1.29页

查看更多>>摘要：Abstract This study investigates the failure mechanisms of compacted clay barriers used to prevent the leakage of hazardous fluids from landfill sites, bentonite clay (BC) alone is prone to significant desiccation fractures following wetting and drying cycles, undermining its effectiveness as a barrier material. This research explores the root causes of these failures by analyzing the interaction between Bentonite and Magnesium Oxide (B-M) mixtures in improving the liner's performance. Specifically, the study examines how the addition of 15% Magnesium Oxide (MgO) to bentonite-modified soil impacts geotechnical properties such as plasticity index, liquid limit, optimum moisture content, permeability, swelling, swelling pressure, volumetric shrinkage, and desiccation cracking. In addition, the objective of this paper was to shed light on the mechanisms that were responsible for the change in the hydro-mechanical behavior of the clay material that had been treated with MgO by conducting scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) testing. The results indicate that MgO treatment significantly reduces the free swell, hydraulic conductivity, plasticity index, liquid limit, optimum moisture content, volumetric shrinkage and desiccation cracking, thus enhancing the material's stability and integrity under environmental stresses. Based on these findings, the study recommends using MgO-treated expansive soils as a more reliable alternative to traditional bentonite liners, offering better long-term performance and reduced risk of failure in landfill applications.

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Crustal dynamics study of the unstable North Egyptian shelf through satellite gravity data and inverse/forward modeling

Menna HaggagMohamed SobhHosni H. Ghazala

1.1-1.15页

查看更多>>摘要：Abstract The crustal architecture of northern Egypt, characterized by its tectonic complexity, remains poorly understood due to insufficient seismic data, limited coverage, and inaccuracies in prior gravity models. Recent advancements in satellite gravity methods, however, provide new opportunities to resolve crustal thickness variations with greater precision. In this study, we integrate GOCE gravity data, topography, sediment distributions, and seismic receiver functions to construct a high-resolution Moho depth model for the region. Using inverse and forward modeling techniques, we invert Bouguer anomalies from the GOCO06 gravity field and incorporate data from 50 seismic stations to constrain the model. Our results reveal significant variations in Moho depth, ranging from 23 to 38 km, with thinning to 23–29 km along the coastal zone and thickening to 35–38 km eastward toward the Sinai Peninsula and Red Sea. Forward modeling of three 2.5D crustal cross-sections further elucidates key tectonic features, including [specific features, e.g., fault zones, crustal thinning], which provide new constraints on the region’s tectonic evolution. This integrated approach, combining gravity modeling with seismic and geological constraints, offers a robust crustal thickness model that advances our understanding of northern Egypt’s tectonic history and structure. The findings have important implications for seismic hazard assessment and provide a foundation for future seismic data collection in the region.

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