首页|Hydrogeochemical dynamics and seasonal variability of water sources in the Munnar CZO, Southern Western Ghats, India: unveiling chemostatic behaviour
Hydrogeochemical dynamics and seasonal variability of water sources in the Munnar CZO, Southern Western Ghats, India: unveiling chemostatic behaviour
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Springer Nature
Abstract This study quantifies hydrochemical dynamics, silicate/carbonate weathering rates, CO2 consumption, and concentration-discharge (C-Q) relationships across intermittent streams (IS), the Amaravathi River, and groundwater (GW) in the Munnar Critical Zone Observatory (CZO), Southern Western Ghats, India. Dominance of Na+, Ca2+, and HCO3− across all water sources reflects active silicate (SW) and carbonate (CW) weathering. Discharge-weighted SW rates peak during monsoon in IS (6.77 t km− 2 yr− 1) and the river (8.17 t km− 2 yr− 1), while CW dominates IS in pre-monsoon (2.89 t km− 2 yr− 1 vs. river: 0.23 t km− 2 yr− 1). Silicate weathering drives CO2 consumption in IS (1.65 × 105 mol km− 2 yr− 1) and the river (2.01 × 105 mol km− 2 yr− 1), with CW contributing 0.40 × 105 and 0.15 × 105 mol km− 2 yr− 1, respectively. Forward geochemical modeling identifies SW as the primary solute source in IS (40%) and GW (34.3%), whereas atmospheric deposition dominates river solutes (46%), followed by SW (41.6%). Carbonate dissolution contributes 23% to GW and 16.2% to IS. Hydrologically, IS exhibit chemostatic behaviour (stable solute concentrations across discharge), contrasting with the river’s chemodynamic responses (seasonal dilution/enrichment linked to monsoon-driven runoff). These results underscore the role of lateritic regolith in buffering IS hydrochemistry and highlight monsoon-driven surface processes controlling river solute variability. By bridging weathering fluxes, CO2 budgets, and hydrological controls, this work provides critical implications for sustainable water management and climate resilience in tropical critical zones.
Critical Zone ObservatoryHydrogeochemistryChemostatic behaviourChemical weathering ratesForward modeling
R. Sreelesh、Manab Kumar Dutta、G. V. Asha Rani、K. Sreelash、K. Maya
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National Centre for Earth Science Studies (NCESS)||Cochin University of Science and Technology
NETL
NSTL
Springer Nature
