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Dental materials
Elsevier Science Inc.
Dental materials

Elsevier Science Inc.

双月刊

0109-5641

Dental materials/Journal Dental materialsSCIISTP
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    Effect of environmental conditions on wear resistance of lithium silicate glass-ceramic materials

    Baradee, Ahmad AmroSpies, Benedikt ChristopherRothlauf, SeverinVach, Kirstin...
    621-630页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: To compare the impact of neutral and acidic environments on wear resistance of lithium silicate glass-ceramics (LSGCs), with and without crystallization firing after manufacturing. Materials and methods: Fifty-six specimens were tested in a two-body wear simulator and divided into seven groups. Four groups consisted of commercially available LSGC materials, each opposed to steatite antagonists. A fifth group included an LSGC material tested additionally in its fired state. A sixth group involved another LSGC material opposed to zirconia antagonists. A seventh group comprised zirconia specimens, opposed to steatite antagonists. All specimens underwent a two-body wear test with 250,000 cycles, a 5 kg load, and 1 mm lateral movement, while immersed in either neutral (pH 7) or acidic (pH 3) buffer solutions. Laser scanning microscopy, optical profilometry, and scanning electron microscopy were used to quantify and/or investigate the wear. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results: LSGC materials exhibited significantly higher wear at pH 7 compared to pH 3 (p < 0.001). The greatest volume loss was observed in an unfired LSGC material (0.138 +/- 0.039 mm(3)at pH 3 vs. 0.495 +/- 0.092 mm(3) at pH 7). Steatite antagonists also suffered significantly greater wear at pH 7, with the highest antagonist wear recorded at 1.718 +/- 0.068 mm(3). The wear mechanism caused by steatite antagonists differed from zirconia antagonists. Significance: Environmental conditions play a major role in the wear performance of LSGCs. Fully crystallized LSGC materials show similar susceptibility to environmental changes compared to LSGC materials requiring crystallization firing.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Identification of a surface texture parameter panel characterizing surface micromorphologies of differently processed oral implant surfaces

    Rabel, KerstinZimmermann, LarsNold, JulianKohal, Ralf J....
    631-643页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: Inconsistent characterization of oral implant microtopography makes it difficult to compare and evaluate available data on microtopography and the biological response to topographical characteristics. The aim of this investigation was therefore to identify a surface texture parameter panel that enables a discriminative characterization of differently processed oral implant surfaces. Materials and methods: Surface micromorphologies of titanium- and ceramic-based biomaterials processed by machining or by machining and subsequent post-processing, including blasting, etching, anodization or porous sintering, were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and white light interferometry. It was then analyzed which of the parameters Sa, Sq, Sz, Ssk, Sku, Str, Sal, Spd, Spc, Sdq and Sdr best characterized morphological surface features and hence should be reported as minimum parameter panel for implant surface characterization. Results: SEM demonstrated that each surface processing resulted in a specific and biomaterial-dependent micromorphology. The data revealed that the micromorphology of machined surfaces was best characterized by Sa, Sdr, Str and Ssk, and that for post-processed surfaces Spd and Spc were additionally required. Based on these data, Sa, Sdr, Str, Ssk, Spd and Spc were identified as minimum parameter panel for discriminative description of the investigated implant microtopographies. Significance: The present investigation identified Sa, Sdr, Str, Ssk, Spd and Spc as minimum parameter panel for discriminative oral implant surface characterization. The widespread use of such a panel combined with biological data will help to identify cell-relevant implant surface structures, thus enabling the design of oral implants with predefined biological response.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of novel tricalcium silicate-based materials in human dental pulp stem cells: Advancing vital pulp therapies

    Mora, AlejandroGarcia-Bernal, DavidRodriguez-Lozano, Francisco JavierGhilotti, James...
    644-657页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: To evaluate the cytocompatibility, bioactivity, and mineralization potential of new tricalcium silicatebased Material (Biodentine XP) on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) compared to other calcium silicatebased materials (MTA-Ang and Ther-PT). Materials and methods: Standardized discs and 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 eluates of Biodentine XP (BD-XP), MTA-Ang, and Ther-PT were prepared after setting. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were isolated from extracted third molars of healthy patients and cultured under standard conditions. The following assays were performed: cell attachment and morphology were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); metabolic activity and cell viability was evaluated by MTT and cell cycle analysis; cellular calcium ion content was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and calcium release analysis; cell migration/proliferation by wound healing assays; cytoskeletal organization, analysis of cell apoptosis and necrosis, reactive oxygen species production, osteogenic marker expression were quantified by flow cytometry and RT-qPCR; and cell mineralization potential was determined through Alizarin Red S staining. Comparisons were made with hDPSCs cultured in unconditioned media (negative control) and osteogenic culture media (positive control). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Biodentine XP (BD-XP) showed significantly positive results in cytocompatibility assays, including cell metabolic activity, viability, attachment, and morphology, compared to the negative control group, whereas MTA-Ang and Ther-PT showed moderate results. BD-XP exhibited a significant upregulation of osteogenic markers, including ALP and DSPP, compared to both the negative and positive control groups. In terms of mineralization potential, BD-XP-treated cells showed significantly higher calcified nodule formation compared to MTA-Ang, Ther-PT, the negative control, and the positive control groups. Conclusion: BD-XP exhibits superior cytocompatibility and promotes osteo/odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). BD-XP significantly enhances the upregulation of osteo/odontogenic markers such as ALP and DSPP, and promotes calcified nodule formation more effectively than MTA-Ang and Ther-PT. The high calcium ion content of BD-XP plays a key role in its ability to promote cellular adhesion, proliferation, and mineralization, making it a highly effective material for regenerative dental applications. These findings provide strong evidence to support the use of Biodentine XP in regenerative dental therapies, particularly in vital pulp treatments, where enhanced cellular adhesion and mineralization are critical for clinical success.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Variables affecting ion release from resin-based materials containing calcium orthophosphate particles

    Mesquita, Filipe Teles XimenesVilela, Handially dos SantosTrinca, Rafael BergamoBraga, Roberto Ruggiero...
    658-665页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: To investigate the influence of experimental variables on Ca2+ release from experimental resin-based materials containing dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) particles. Methods: Experimental materials were prepared, both with BisGMA and TEGDMA and either 25 % or 50 % DCPD (by volume). Ca2+ release in deionized water (DW) was quantified using induced coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES, n = 3) according to the variables (1) frequency of DW renewal (weekly, biweekly, monthly or no renewal in 8 weeks), (2) volume of DW (5 mL, 10 mL or 50 mL) and (3) specimen dimensions (in mm, 9x2, 10x1, 5x4 or 5x1). Release kinetics was described using the semi-empirical Peppas-Sahlin model. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA/Tukey test (alpha: 5 %). Results: Weekly and/or biweekly DW renewal increased Ca2+ release compared to monthly and no renewal (p < 0.001). Ca2+ release was higher in 50 mL compared to 10 mL (50 % DCPD) and 5 mL (25 % DCPD) (p < 0.001). The specimen with the highest area-to-volume ratio (5x1 mm) presented the highest release expressed in mu g/cm(2) or as fractional (i.e., % of the total Ca in the specimen, p < 0.001). At early stages and high DW volumes, diffusion was the main release mechanism, particularly for the 25 % DCPD material. Polymer relaxation becomes more important than diffusion over time, most noticeably for the 50 % DCPD material. Significance: Researchers and clinicians must be aware of the fact that ion release is influenced by a large number of experimental variables, including (but not limited to) immersion medium renewal frequency, volume of immersion medium and specimen dimensions.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Dopamer: A bioactive polydopamine-containing glass-ionomer cement with mineralizing and antibacterial properties

    Hasani, MahdiYuan, WeihaoSevari, SevdaQueiroz Ferreira, Luiza de Almeida...
    666-678页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objective: To develop and characterize a novel bioactive polydopamine (PDA)-containing glass-ionomer cement (Dopamer) with enhanced mechanical, antibacterial, and mineralization properties for use as a restorative dental material. Methods: Dopamer was developed by coating fluoroaluminosilicate glass particles with polydopamine (PDA) via dopamine polymerization in alkaline solution. The PDA-coated glass particles were then mixed with a polyacrylic polymer. Mechanical properties were assessed through compressive strength, flexural strength, and Vickers microhardness testing using standardized specimens. Fuji XI and Herculite composite resin were used as the control groups. The adhesion to dentin was evaluated using shear bond strength test. Mineralization potential was investigated using Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to detect apatite formation on the surface and at the dentin-material interface. Cytocompatibility was evaluated using viability and proliferation assays on human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans was examined using both colony-forming unit (CFU) counts and live/dead bacterial staining assays on biofilms formed on the material surfaces. Additionally, odontogenic differentiation was examined using gene expression analysis. An in vivo mice molar pulp capping model was used to assess tertiary dentin formation and inflammatory response after placement of the material. All quantitative data were analyzed using one- or two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test, with significance set at p <0.05. Kruskal-Wallis Test was utilized to evaluate pulp inflammation scores analysis.<br /> Results: Dopamer exhibited significantly enhanced (p <0.001) mechanical properties, including improved compressive strength, flexural strength, and microhardness, compared to the conventional glass-ionomer cement (GIC). Shear bond strength to dentin also improved significantly (p < 0.05), demonstrating stronger adhesion. In vitro analyses confirmed in situ mineral formation and dentin mineralization capacity of Dopamer. Raman spectroscopy and SEM-EDS analyses revealed extensive mineral deposition at the interface between Dopamer and dentin, including calcium phosphate-rich layers suggestive of hydroxyapatite formation. Moreover, antibacterial testing demonstrated that Dopamer significantly (p <0.001) inhibited Streptococcus mutans colonization compared to control (p < 0.001), reducing the risk of recurrent caries. Biocompatibility assays revealed high viability of DPSCs cultured on Dopamer, comparable to or better than the control groups. Dopamer also significantly upregulated odontogenic markers in vitro. In vivo studies showed formation of a continuous layer of tertiary dentin beneath the placed Dopamer, with minimal inflammatory response indicating excellent biocompatibility and regenerative potential.<br /> Significance: By combining enhanced mechanical strength, mineralization capacity, and antibacterial properties, Dopamer addresses critical limitations of existing glass-ionomer dental restorative materials, offering a bioactive, durable solution for restorative dentistry. This multifunctional material represents a promising advancement in dental restoration, supporting both clinical performance and long-term oral health.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Biomechanical assessment of zygomatic implants in clinical rehabilitation scenarios: A finite element and fatigue analysis

    Alberto, Laura H. J.Griggs, Jason A.Roach, Michael D.Williamson, Randall S....
    679-689页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: This study utilizes contemporary placement approaches and implant design to investigate zygomatic implants' biomechanical behavior and fatigue lifetime in clinical contexts. Methods: A commercially available zygomatic implant assembly and an ex vivo skull were subjected to computed tomography. Three-dimensional models representing intra-sinus, extra-sinus, and extramaxillary configurations were constructed. The finite element analysis (FEA) was executed with vertical, lateral, and masseteric loads applied simultaneously. Von Mises stress served as the failure criterion, with data collection on implant fixtures, abutments, connector screws, and simulated bone structures. The analysis included peak stress locations, contour plots illustrating stress distribution, and fatigue limit assessments for implant components. Results: Results revealed lower stress concentrations in mesial implant components compared to distal ones. The extra-sinus approach showed lower stresses in most prosthetic components. Peak stress concentrations in the maxillary bone layers (ranging from 25 to 27 MPa) were primarily localized at the alveolar ridge's crest at the zygomatic implant entrance point. On the zygomatic bone, the peak stresses were in the interface with the distal implant and ranged from 12 to 26 MPa. The in silico fatigue testing demonstrated an equally high fatigue lifetime of the implant components in all the approaches analyzed. Significance: Because of additional clinical advantages, the extra-sinus approach was considered the optimal reconstruction method when patients' anatomy permits its application. Given the limited long-term clinical data on the latest implant designs and placement techniques, these findings provide valuable insights into the biomechanical performance of zygomatic implants and offer guidance for clinical practice.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Balancing strength and translucency: The role of microstructure in additive and subtractive dental zirconia

    Ruggiero, Mirelle M.Lim, Chek HaiGiugliano, Thomas S.Choi, Mijin...
    690-698页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: To elucidate the effect of microstructure on the strength and translucency of dental zirconia fabricated using additive (AM) and subtractive manufacturing (SM) technologies. Methods: Twelve 3Y-TZP discs were fabricated using AM with two print orientations (0 degrees: group AM0; 90 degrees: group AM90; n = 6), and six via CAD/CAM machining (group SM). Density, composition, roughness, translucency parameter (TP), and biaxial flexural strength (6) were evaluated. Fractographic analysis was conducted and defect size estimated. Based on the preliminary 6 results (n = 6), the optimal print orientation was identified. Nine additional specimens were prepared for each of the AM90 and SM groups for Weibull 6 analysis (n = 15). Differences in Weibull modulus were assessed via non-overlapping 95 % confidence intervals. An one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test and an independent samples t-test were used (alpha = 0.05). Results: The relative density was consistent across all groups (>99 %). The tetragonal and cubic phases were comparable among groups, with proportions exceeding 82 wt% and 17 wt%, respectively. Group SM exhibited significantly higher roughness (1.18 mu m) than AM0 (0.71 mu m) and AM90 (0.51 mu m). Group SM exhibited the highest TP values, while groups AM0 and AM90 had statistically similar TP values. AM0 showed the lowest 6 value (411.60 +/- 73.99 MPa) and larger defects. Groups AM90 and SM (n = 15) possessed comparable 6 values (969.85 +/- 123.13 MPa and 989.72 +/- 107.78 MPa, respectively) (p = 0.6417) and Weibull moduli (9.17 and 10.62, respectively). Significance: SM zirconia showed higher translucency and roughness, while defects reduced translucency in AM zirconia. Flexural strength was lower for AM0 due to larger defects, whereas AM90 matched SM strength.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Physicomechanical properties of resin-based composites photo-polymerized using laser, polywave and quadwave curing lights

    Ribeiro, Maria Tereza HordonesBen, RichardMichaud, Pierre LucSoares, Carlos Jose...
    699-707页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: This study evaluated the fracture toughness (K-IC), energy absorption E and Vickers hardness (VH) of resin-based composites (RBC) photo-polymerized with new light curing unit (LCU) technologies: one laser diode (Monet Laser - AMD Lasers), one polywave (TM) LED (PowerCure - Ivoclar) and one quadwave LED (PinkWave - Apex). Methods: Two conventional: Evo, Tetric EvoCeram (Ivoclar) and FS, Filtek Supreme (Solventum); and two bulk-fill: PF, PowerFill (Ivoclar) and AF, Admira Fusion x-tra (VOCO) were tested. The RBC specimens were photo-polymerized for 1 second with the Monet, 3 seconds with the PinkWave in the 3-second-high output mode, and the 10-second standard mode using the PowerCure light. The power (mW), irradiance (mW/cm(2)), radiant exposure (J/cm(2)), and emission spectrum (mW/cm(2)/nm) were measured using a fiberoptic spectrometer attached to an integrating sphere. K-IC (K-IC, MPa<middle dot>m(1/2)) was obtained using an 8.2 mm diameter and 2.0 mm thick metal mold. After 24-hour storage at 37 degrees C, the K-IC was measured in a universal testing machine at a rate of 0.5 mm/min. The energy absorption (E, N/mm) up to failure was calculated. The Vickers hardness (VH, Kg/mm(2)) was measured at the bottom of the K-IC specimen. Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey multiple comparison test (alpha = 0.05). Results: Both the K-IC and VH were significantly influenced by the light-curing unit/exposure time and by the RBC used (p < .001). The Monet emitted the highest power (1501.4 mW) but delivered the lowest radiant exposure (3.0 J/cm(2)). In general, the K-IC values did not differ when RBCs were photo-polymerized with PowerCure in the standard 10 s or 3 s modes, except for the Admira Fusion x-tra. The K-IC, VH and energy absorption to failure values were higher for all RBCs when photo-polymerized with PowerCure in the Standard mode for 10 s and lowest with the Monet used for 1 s. Filtek Supreme had the highest VH values regardless of the curing light unit/exposure time. The VH was better at detecting differences between the LCUs/exposure time and the RBC. Significance: Short 1-3 s exposure times produce inferior physicomechanical properties in some RBCs compared to a 10 s exposure at a lower irradiance. Clinicians should understand how much energy the manufacturers of the RBCs are recommending should be delivered to their RBC.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The effects of FOXC2-gene-manipulated human periodontal ligament stem cells on bone regeneration of craniofacial bone defect

    Chen, YiyinZhang, XiaoqiTang, YufeiYang, Yi...
    708-720页
    查看更多>>摘要：The progress and development of bone tissue engineering technology has brought new hope for the repair of oral and maxillofacial bone defects. As one of the ideal seed cells, the induction of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) into osteoblasts has become a focus in current research. Forkhead box C2 (FOXC2) may be a good candidate gene for bone regeneration. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the role of FOXC2 in hPDLSCs osteogenesis and genetically-manipulate seed cells based on FOXC2 gene for enhancing their bone regeneration potentials. The hPDLSCs models with down-regulated and up-regulated expression of FOXC2 were constructed by lentivirus transfections. ALP staining, alizarin red staining, qRT-PCR, WB analysis and histological staining were used to verify the function of FOXC2 in regulating osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. Finally, through transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR verification, the downstream core genes, and possible mechanism of FOXC2 were speculated. All data were presented as means +/- standard deviations (SDs). P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. GraphPad PRISM software (version 9.0; La Jolla, CA, USA) was used. The research results suggest that FOXC2 gene is involved in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs which may be related to promoting extracellular matrix interaction, cell adhesion and collagen formation. hPDLSCs with FOXC2 up-regulation are expected to be used as gene-enhanced seed cells in bone tissue engineering.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Dental adhesives incorporated with alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide-loaded titanium oxide nanotubes for sustained bioactive and anti-biofilm protection

    Garcia, Isadora MartiniAraujo-Neto, Vitaliano GomesBalbinot, GabrielaSouza, Virginia Serra...
    721-729页
    查看更多>>摘要：Objectives: This study aimed to formulate experimental dental adhesives with alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide-loaded titanium oxide nanotubes (ntTiO2/ATAB) and evaluated their physicochemical properties, antimicrobial activity, mineral deposition, and cytotoxicity. Methods: ntTiO2/ATAB was synthesized, characterized, and added into an experimental adhesive resin. The filler ntTiO2/ATAB was added at 1, 2.5, and 5 wt% (G1 %, G2.5 %, G5 %) in the adhesive. A control group (G0 %) without ntTiO2/ATAB was also prepared and used in all tests. The adhesives were analyzed for degree of conversion (DC %), softening in solvent, radiopacity, antibacterial activity against saliva-derived microcosm, mineral deposition capability, and cytotoxicity. Results: Analytical techniques, including TEM, FTIR, UV-Vis, and micro-Raman spectroscopy, confirmed the structure and chemical composition of the ntTiO2/ATAB. A DC% over 60 % was observed for all groups, with no adverse impact on radiopacity or softening in solvent. Antibacterial testing indicated that increasing ntTiO2/ ATAB concentration led to reduced colony-forming units of critical microorganisms, with this effect sustained over a one-year aging period. Mineral deposition tests showed enhanced phosphate presence over the samples with higher ntTiO2/ATAB concentrations. There were no statistical differences in human cell viability among groups. Significance: The dental adhesives formulated with ntTiO2/ATAB demonstrated suitable physical and chemical properties, including reliable bond strength to dentin previously tested. They also exhibited antibacterial effects against caries-related microorganisms even after aging, promoted bioactivity through mineral deposition, and showed no cytotoxicity against human cells. These adhesives represent a promising strategy to assist in reducing the risk of recurrent caries and preserve the material-dentin interface properties over time.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier