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International journal of hydrogen energy
Pergamon Press
International journal of hydrogen energy

Pergamon Press

0360-3199

International journal of hydrogen energy/Journal International journal of hydrogen energySCIISTP
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    Simulation and experimental investigation on the static mixer of natural gas mixed with hydrogen

    Wang J.Hao X.Zhang H.Chen Z....
    1-14页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLCHydrogen mixing technology in natural gas pipelines facilitates the large-scale application of hydrogen energy, thereby promoting energy savings and emission reductions. The performance of gas equipment is significantly influenced by the mixing uniformity of hydrogen mixing devices within the natural gas. This study involves the design and optimization of a static mixer structure for hydrogen mixing in natural gas, employing a combination of numerical simulations and experimental approaches. The effects of mixing pressure, mixing ratio, and mixing flow rate on the mixing uniformity are analyzed. Results indicate that the mixing effect can be improved by adding an expanding pipe, adding solid boards, and introducing hydrogen into the natural gas pipeline via swirl and sidewall annular gap entry methods. Increasing the diameter of the natural gas pipe or adding an expanding pipe effectively reduces pressure loss. The influence of mixing pressure on mixing uniformity is minimal. As the mixing ratio or mixing flow rate increases, the uniformity initially improves and then declines, peaking at a mixing ratio of 10 % and a mixing flow rate of 10 m³/h, respectively.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Nickel oxynitride: A low overpotential, highly durable bifunctional electrocatalyst for efficient water-splitting

    Joseph A.Mathew A.Thomas T.
    15-25页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLCThis study presents a simple soft urea technique for synthesizing nickel-based catalysts, focusing on the transition of NiO to NiON and finally to Ni₃N. We conducted a detailed investigation into the catalytic activity of these nickel derivatives, employing techniques such as UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy for thorough characterization. The results reveal that NiON outperforms the standard RuO2 catalyst, NiO and Ni₃N, achieving an overpotential of 285 mV with a Tafel slope of 57 mV/dec at 10 mA/cm2 for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and a remarkable lower overpotential of 129 mV with a Tafel slope of 34 mV/dec for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Notably, NiON demonstrates exceptional stability as a bifunctional catalyst for 14 h. In comparison with oxide (3.47 eV) and nitride phase (2.6 eV), nickel oxynitride possesses a lower optical band gap (2.2 eV). This study provides valuable insights into the roles of nitrogen and oxygen in nickel electrocatalysts, paving the way for enhanced efficiency in overall water splitting applications.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Synergistic effect of mixed red mud and pyrite cinder as oxygen carrier in CH4 chemical looping combustion

    Liu G.Zhang C.Song A.Xu D....
    26-34页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLCSolid wastes containing iron (such as red mud and pyrite cinder) were considered as ideal oxygen carrier for large-scale Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) device due to its low cost. However, these oxygen carriers generally exhibited lower fuel combustion reactivity or cycling stability because of the special composition and structure. For red mud, the low iron oxide content results in a low fuel conversion. Pyrite cinder possesses high reactivity, but it has issues with surface sintering due to the low content of inert constituents. In this study, the mixed oxygen carriers prepared from red mud and pyrite cinder were evaluated in CH4-CLC. The content of red mud and pyrite cinder in mixed oxygen carrier was optimized to achieve high reactivity and cycling stability in redox cycles. Compared with single oxygen carrier, the optimized mixed oxygen carrier demonstrated higher CH4 combustion conversion, lower carbon deposit and greater cycling stability. The synergistic effect of inert components and alkali metals (Al2O3, SiO2, Na2O) in red mud and active component (Fe2O3) in pyrite cinder can effectively improve the CH4 combustion reactivity and cycle stability of mixed oxygen carrier. The 5R5P (50 wt% red mud-50 wt% pyrite cinder) sample showed the best reactivity in reduction half cycle (CH4 conversion of 45.82%, CO2 selectivity of 92.7%). The CH4 conversion of 5R5P was 396% and 61.79% higher than that of red mud and pyrite cinder, respectively. In 20 consecutive cycles, the 5R5P sample maintained stable reactivity, and the conversion of CH4 was kept at about 44%.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Fluorine doping for the enhanced electrochemical performance of SrCo0·8Ti0·2O3-based perovskite cathode for Solid Oxide Cells

    Du Z.Dong X.Wang T.Zhao H....
    35-44页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024Fluorine doping in the oxygen sublattice has been previously employed to modify the physicochemical properties of perovskite-type oxides. However, the underlying mechanism responsible for the observed enhancements remains unclear. In this study, we systematically investigate the effects of F-doping on the crystal structure, electronic properties, oxygen ion transport, and electrochemical performance of SrCo0·8Ti0·2O3-x-δFx cathodes through a combination of experimental and DFT theoretical computation methods. The results indicate that the samples retain a cubic structure, while F-doping reduces the valence state of Co and decreases the oxygen vacancy concentration. Although the thermal expansion coefficients of SCTFx remain unchanged, the electrical conductivity of the F-doped SCTF0.1 is improved. Partial substitution of F for O effectively increases the oxygen diffusion coefficient and reduces the polarization resistance in the charge transfer process, thereby enhancing the catalytic activity of the SCTF0.1 cathode. The polarization resistance of SCTF0.1 is as low as 0.050 Ω cm2 at 700 °C. Notably, the peak power densities of a full cell with the SCTF0.1 cathode exhibit a significant boost, particularly at lower temperatures. Theoretical calculations corroborate the experimental findings, demonstrating that F-doping effectively reduces the oxygen migration barrier. Overall, fluorine doping proves to be an effective strategy for optimizing SrCo0·8Ti0·2O3-based SOC cathodes.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Prospective life cycle assessment of proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Comparing data from patents and papers

    Spreafico C.Thonemann N.
    45-52页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 The AuthorsThe energy provided by proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is considered an alternative solution to fossil fuels in transportation and power generation in the future. However, to date, in life cycle assessments (LCA), PEMFCs have been modelled in reference to models already available on the market or to future development targets envisaged by government bodies. This study models PEMFCs with data extracted from patent literature and carries out the prospective LCA, comparing the resulting environmental impacts with those of studies in the literature relating to current and future PEMFCs. The result is that all the data necessary to build an inventory relating to the materials and processes constituting the membrane-electrode assembly of PEMFCs can be extracted from the patents. The impacts of the patented PEMFC are lower than those of the current PEMFC and higher than those of the future PEMFC disclosed in the literature. The variability of data in PEMFC patents is less than that of scientific papers published in international per-review journals. The same applies to the variability of the resulting impacts. Patented PEMFCs have a technology readiness level (TRL) lower than current PEMFCs and higher than future PEMFCs. In conclusion, the prospective LCA carried out on patented PEMFCs, with data extracted from the patents, can be used to analyze the environmental sustainability of prototype PEMFCs currently under development in the industry, with data deriving from experimental results.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Repurposing depleted unconventional reservoirs for hydrogen storage: Challenges and opportunities

    Evro S.Oni B.A.Tomomewo O.S.
    53-68页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLCThis study examines the technical, economic, and regulatory feasibility of using depleted reservoirs for hydrogen storage. In this regard, utilizing depleted reservoirs is significantly more economical and scalable, especially when considering the use of preexisting infrastructure with demonstrated containment. It reviews the geology of such formations for hydrogen storage, emphasizing that for long-term storage, the integrity of caprock, permeability of the reservoir, and geomechanical stability all play an important role. These findings point to minimal change in porosity for the containment of fluids in sandstone formations. However, such factors as hydrogen leakage and embrittlement, and low-permeability reservoir flow dynamics are problematic areas to which robust mitigation strategies should be applied. Advanced monitoring, hydraulic stimulation, and injection-withdrawal cycles are recommended to achieve maximum storage efficiency while preventing structural failures. The analysis presented suggests significant cost reductions due to reusing existing infrastructure. However, upgrades in materials and compliance with regulatory matters are considered additional financial burdens. This study underlines updated regulatory frameworks that take into consideration hydrogen-specific risks: environmental impact assessments and safety guidelines on containment and transportation. It also advocates for multidisciplinary approaches that couple advanced geological assessments, material innovation, and real-time surveillance technologies. This research informs the development of a strategic roadmap for integrating hydrogen storage into the global energy system, supporting variable renewable energy transition goals and solving intermittent challenges. In this way, the study offers a route toward a more sustainable and resilient energy future by optimizing depleted reservoirs for hydrogen storage.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Experiment and visualization of omnidirectional acoustic propagation for high-pressure hydrogen storage leakage in unconfined environments

    Miao Y.Avlessi K.J.Semassou C.Li Y....
    69-84页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLCHydrogen, a clean energy source, is pivotal in achieving carbon neutrality but presents safety challenges due to its high diffusivity and flammability. This study explores hydrogen leakage acoustics and spatial characteristics under high-pressure, unconfined conditions. Helium, validated as a surrogate gas with a sound pressure difference of <5 dB, was used for safe experimentation. Using Background Oriented Schlieren (BOS) imaging, significant directional and spatial dependencies were identified, with optimal detection at 1.5 m height and highest sound levels between 300° and 360°. The influence of nozzle geometry was also highlighted, with flat nozzles producing progressively higher sound pressure levels compared to circular ones. Threshold flow rates for audible detection were determined, approaching the maximum permissible leakage limit of 118 NL/min in noisy environments. These findings provide a foundation for safer and more effective hydrogen detection systems.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Computational insights into the Ir-catalyzed hydrolysis dehydrogenation of ammonia borane: A carbene-assisted proton transfer mechanism

    Qian K.Peng C.Wang Y.
    85-92页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024Ammonia borane (NH3BH3, AB), owing to its high theoretical hydrogen generation capacity, has garnered significant attention. In this article, we employed density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the hydrolysis dehydrogenation mechanism of AB catalyzed by an Ir cyclometalated carbene complex. Two potential mechanisms for the production of three equivalents of hydrogen were proposed: one involves B–N bond cleavage, and the other does not involve B–N bond cleavage. Our computational results indicate that the proton transfer pathway, which does not involve B–N bond cleavage, has the lowest activation barrier of 27.7 kcal/mol. Moreover, carbene ligands play dual roles in stabilizing the intermediate and assisting in proton transfer.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    One-step fabrication of hierarchically flower-like N-doped carbon-CoMo-LDH nanosheets for efficient overall alkaline water splitting

    Meng S.Nie Q.Yaseen W.Mao H....
    93-101页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLCDeveloping highly active, durable, and cost-effective layered double hydroxides (LDHs) based electrocatalysts using earth-abundant metals (like Co, Mo) is crucial for efficient water splitting. However, limited electrical conductivity, large lateral size, and significant bulk thickness of LDHs are bottlenecks for their electrocatalytic activity. This work develops a highly porous hierarchical nitrogen (N)-doped carbon-based CoMo-LDH nanosheet (denoted as N–CoMo-LDH) by a one-step hydrothermal method. Due to its ultrathin morphology and the optimized electronic configuration, the Co1Mo1/130 catalyst demonstrates a low overpotential of 127 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 220 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH. Furthermore, the Co1Mo1/130 as a bifunctional catalyst achieved a low cell voltage of 1.572 V@10 mA cm−2 with good durability over 100 h in alkaline media. Results revealed that the precise control of the Co/Mo ratio and the incorporation of heteroatoms N-doping finely tune the electronic properties of CoMo-LDH by enhancing charge density and promoting the formation of new active sites, thereby improving its electrocatalytic activity. In addition, N-doping significantly modifies the carbon electronic structure, increasing pyridinic N-content, introducing localized electron-rich sites within the carbon matrix, and boosting the material's overall conductivity and electron transfer efficiency. This study presents a promising strategy for boosting electrocatalytic activity by developing hierarchical N-doped carbon-based bimetallic-LDH materials for overall water splitting.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Transfer learning-based deep neural network model for performance prediction of hydrogen-fueled solid oxide fuel cells

    Salehi Z.Tofigh M.Hanifi A.R.Koch C.R....
    102-111页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 The AuthorsTransfer learning (TL) is an effective method for minimizing modeling efforts and data requirements for diverse energy systems. This paper presents use of TL for different hydrogen-fueled solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) types (tubular vs planar) with different manufacturers (UAlberta vs Elcogen) and output power ranges. Three different single tubular cells were fabricated and tested under 18 operating conditions. In addition, a planar single cell was tested under 10 operating conditions. The data gathered from the first tubular cell (A1) was used to train a deep neural network (DNN) model with the cell voltage as the output. Then, the DNN model was transferred from this source domain to three different target domains. Two tubular cells with different cell properties such as electrolyte thickness, electrodes’ thickness and porosity, and one planar cell with different microstructural properties and different physical layout were the target domains. Fine-tuning was used for TL, and the effect of different normalization strategies and different amounts of fine-tuning data were compared. The developed DNN was able to capture the nonlinear part in current density–voltage (J–V) curves from the rich dataset available for training. The DNN model trained on cell A1 achieved a high prediction accuracy (R2 = 0.99). Training the DNN in the source domain and fine-tuning the trained network using 10% of target data results in, on average, 85% less training time. This results in a DNN model developed for the target domain, which is now as accurate as the model developed for the source domain. The applied technique reduces the computational cost by 85% and the data requirement by 90% for developing predictive models for SOFCs.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier