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    Speaking in a local accent might make social robots seem more trustworthy and competent

    1-2页
    查看更多>>摘要:Social robots can help us with many things: teaching, learning, caring. Because they’re designed to interact with humans, they’re designed to make us comfortable - and that includes the way they talk. But how should they talk? Some research suggests that people like robots to use a familiar accent or dialect, while other research suggests the opposite. “Surprisingly, people have mixed feelings about robots speaking in a dialect - some like it, while others prefer standard language,” said Katharina Kuhne of the University of Potsdam, lead author of the study in Frontiers in Robotics and AI. “This made us think: maybe it’s not just the robot, but also the people involved that shape these preferences.” Talking the talk Many factors affect people’s comfort levels with social robots. The robots work best when they appear more trustworthy and competent, and a human-like speaking voice contributes to this. But whether that speaking voice uses a dialect or a standard form of a language could impact the perception of its trustworthiness or competence. Standard language use is often viewed as more intelligent, but speaking in a dialect which is considered friendly or familiar can be comforting.

    Findings from Hebei University Reveals New Findings on Machine Learning (Code Smell Detection Research Based On Pre-training and Stacking Models)

    2-3页
    查看更多>>摘要:Investigators publish new report on Machine Learning. According to news reporting originating from Hebei, People’s Republic of China, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, “Code smells detection primarily adopts heuristic-based, machine learning, and deep learning approaches, However, to enhance accuracy, most studies employ deep learning methods, but the value of traditional machine learning methods should not be underestimated. Additionally, existing code smells detection methods do not pay sufficient attention to the textual features in the code.” Funders for this research include Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, Oversea High-level Talent Foundation of Hebei. Our news editors obtained a quote from the research from Hebei University, “To address this issue, this paper proposes a code smell detection method, SCSmell, which utilizes static analysis tools to extract structure features, then transforms the code into txt format using static analysis tools , and inputs it into the BERT pre-training model to extract textual features. The structure features are combined with the textual features to generate sample data and label code smells instances. The REFCV method is then used to filter important structure features. To deal with the issue of data imbalance, the Borderline-SMOTE method is used to generate positive sample data, and a three-layer Stacking model is ultimately employed to detect code smells. In our experiment, we select 44 large actual projects programs as the training and testing sets and conducted smell detection for four types of code smells: brain class, data class, God class, and brain method. The experimental results indicate that the SCSmell method improves the average accuracy by 10.38 % compared to existing detection methods, while maintaining high precision, recall, and F1 scores.

    Study Findings from University of Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro Advance Knowledge in Machine Learning (Comparative Evaluation of Remote Sensing Platforms for Almond Yield Prediction)

    3-4页
    查看更多>>摘要:Investigators publish new report on artificial intelligence. According to news originating from Vila Real, Portugal, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, “Almonds are becoming a central element in the gastronomic and food industry worldwide. Over the last few years, almond production has increased globally.” Financial supporters for this research include Fct-portuguese Foundation For Science And Technology; Doctoral Programme “agricultural Production Chains-from Fork To Farm”; European Social Funds; Regional Operational Programme Norte 2020; Citab Research Unit; Inov4agro; Cimo. Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from University of Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro: “Portugal has become the third most important producer in Europe, where this increasing trend is particularly evident. However, the susceptibility of almond trees to changing climatic conditions presents substantial risks, encompassing yield reduction and quality deterioration. Hence, yield forecasts become crucial for mitigating potential losses and aiding decisionmakers within the agri-food sector. Recent technological advancements and new data analysis techniques have led to the development of more suitable methods to model crop yields. Herein, an innovative approach to predict almond yields in the Tras-os- Montes region of Portugal was developed, by using machine learning regression models (i.e., the random forest regressor, XGBRegressor, gradient boosting regressor, bagging regressor, and AdaBoost regressor), coupled with remote sensing data obtained from different satellite platforms. Satellite data from both proprietary and free platforms at different spatial resolutions were used as features in the study (i.e., the GSMP: 11.13 km, Terra: 1 km, Landsat 8: 30 m, Sentinel-2: 10 m, and PlanetScope: 3 m). The best possible combination of features was analyzed and hyperparameter tuning was applied to enhance the prediction accuracy. Our results suggest that high-resolution data (PlanetScope) combined with irrigation information, vegetation indices, and climate data significantly improves almond yield prediction.”

    Karadeniz Technical University Reports Findings in Artificial Intelligence (Assessing the precision of artificial intelligence in emergency department triage decisions: Insights from a study with ChatGPT)

    4-5页
    查看更多>>摘要:New research on Artificial Intelligence is the subject of a report. According to news reporting originating in Trabzon, Turkey, by NewsRx journalists, research stated, “The rise in emergency department presentations globally poses challenges for efficient patient management. To address this, various strategies aim to expedite patient management.” The news reporters obtained a quote from the research from Karadeniz Technical University, “Artificial intelligence’s (AI) consistent performance and rapid data interpretation extend its healthcare applications, especially in emergencies. The introduction of a robust AI tool like ChatGPT, based on GPT-4 developed by OpenAI, can benefit patients and healthcare professionals by improving the speed and accuracy of resource allocation. This study examines ChatGPT’s capability to predict triage outcomes based on local emergency department rules. This study is a single-center prospective observational study. The study population consists of all patients who presented to the emergency department with any symptoms and agreed to participate. The study was conducted on three non-consecutive days for a total of 72 h. Patients’ chief complaints, vital parameters, medical history and the area to which they were directed by the triage team in the emergency department were recorded. Concurrently, an emergency medicine physician inputted the same data into previously trained GPT-4, according to local rules. According to this data, the triage decisions made by GPT-4 were recorded. In the same process, an emergency medicine specialist determined where the patient should be directed based on the data collected, and this decision was considered the gold standard. Accuracy rates and reliability for directing patients to specific areas by the triage team and GPT-4 were evaluated using Cohen’s kappa test. Furthermore, the accuracy of the patient triage process performed by the triage team and GPT-4 was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Statistical analysis considered a value of p<0.05 as significant. The study was carried out on 758 patients. Among the participants, 416 (54.9%) were male and 342 (45.1%) were female. Evaluating the primary endpoints of our study - the agreement between the decisions of the triage team, GPT-4 decisions in emergency department triage, and the gold standard - we observed almost perfect agreement both between the triage team and the gold standard and between GPT-4 and the gold standard (Cohen’s Kappa 0.893 and 0.899, respectively; p<0.001 for each). Our findings suggest GPT-4 possess outstanding predictive skills in triaging patients in an emergency setting.”

    New Findings from Yanshan University in the Area of Robotics Described (Singularity Analysis of Actuation Coordination and New Indices for Optimal Design of Redundantly Actuated Parallel Manipulators)

    5-6页
    查看更多>>摘要:New study results on robotics have been published. According to news originating from Yanshan University by NewsRx editors, the research stated, “This paper focuses on singularity of actuation coordination for redundantly actuated parallel manipulators and proposes a series of novel indices to evaluate the performance of actuation coordination.” The news reporters obtained a quote from the research from Yanshan University: “The singularity is analyzed based on coordinated dynamics model and divided into two categories: input singularity and output singularity. Influences on control of redundantly actuated parallel manipulator are studied with mechanisms 2RPU+2UPR+RPR and 3RPR. Local and global indices of actuation coordination for redundantly actuated parallel manipulators are put forward.” According to the news editors, the research concluded: “A dimension optimal design which considering the proposed indices is operated on mechanism 6RPS. The research of this article possesses good reference significance for the performance analysis and control application of redundantly actuated parallel manipulators.”

    Researchers from Indian School of Mines Report New Studies and Findings in the Area of Machine Learning (A Generalized Failure Mode Model for Transversely Isotropic Rocks Using a Machine Learning Classification Approach)

    6-7页
    查看更多>>摘要:Data detailed on Machine Learning have been presented. According to news reporting out of Dhanbad, India, by NewsRx editors, research stated, “Understanding and predicting the failure modes of transversely isotropic (TI) rocks is essential for designing stable structures and evaluating rock failure incidents, including ground falls, slope stability, and landslides. Compared to isotropic intact rock, TI intact rock exhibits distinct failure modes.” Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from the Indian School of Mines, “Until now, the failure mode of TI rocks has often been related to layer orientation and confinement pressure, with little consideration given to micro-scale parameters. This study investigates how layer orientation and grain size influence the failure mode of layered sandstone under confined and unconfined conditions. A comprehensive laboratory experiments involved 105 layered sandstone samples, featuring variations in grain sizes (fine, medium, and coarse), application of five distinct confining pressures, and testing at seven different orientations. Through rigorous analyses of the post-failure layered sandstone using a random forest classification method, this study developed a predictive chart capable of determining TI rock failure mode based on layer orientation and confinement pressure. Intriguingly, the study also underscores that grain size exerts an insignificant impact on influencing these failure modes. The resultant predictive chart is expected to significantly enhance our comprehension and interpretation of rock failure in both laboratory and field applications, offering invaluable insights for engineering structures associated with TI rocks.”

    Data from Beijing Institute of Technology Update Knowledge in Cyborg and Bionic Systems (A Hand Gesture Recognition Strategy Based on Virtual-Dimension Increase of EMG)

    7-8页
    查看更多>>摘要:Data detailed on cyborg and bionic systems have been presented. According to news reporting originating from Beijing, People’s Republic of China, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, “The electromyography(EMG) signal is the biocurrent associated with muscle contraction and can be used as the input signal to a myoelectric intelligent bionic hand to control different gestures of the hand.” Our news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from Beijing Institute of Technology: “Increasing the number of myoelectric-signal channels can yield richer information of motion intention and improve the accuracy of gesture recognition. However, as the number of acquisition channels increases, its effect on the improvement of the accuracy of gesture recognition gradually diminishes, resulting in the improvement of the control effect reaching a plateau. To address these problems, this paper presents a proposed method to improve gesture recognition accuracy by virtually increasing the number of EMG signal channels. This method is able to improve the recognition accuracy of various gestures by virtually increasing the number of EMG signal channels and enriching the motion intention information extracted from data collected from a certain number of physical channels, ultimately providing a solution to the issue of the recognition accuracy plateau caused by saturation of information from physical recordings. Meanwhile, based on the idea of the filtered feature selection method, a quantitative measure of sample sets (separability of feature vectors [SFV]) derived from the divergence and correlation of the extracted features is introduced.”

    New Machine Learning Study Findings Recently Were Reported by Researchers at California Institute of Technology (Caltech) (A Physicochemical-sensing Electronic Skin for Stress Response Monitoring)

    8-9页
    查看更多>>摘要:Data detailed on Machine Learning have been presented. According to news reporting out of Pasadena, California, by NewsRx editors, research stated, “Approaches to quantify stress responses typically rely on subjective surveys and questionnaires. Wearable sensors can potentially be used to continuously monitor stress-relevant biomarkers.” Financial supporters for this research include National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA), Translational Research Institute for Space Health through NASA, Office of Naval Research, Army Research Office, National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA, National Science Foundation (NSF), National Academy of Medicine Catalyst Award, Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program and Heritage Medical Research Institute, Amazon AI4Science Fellowship, Kavli Nanoscience Institute at Caltech. Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), “However, the biological stress response is spread across the nervous, endocrine and immune systems, and the capabilities of current sensors are not sufficient for condition-specific stress response evaluation. Here we report an electronic skin for stress response assessment that non-invasively monitors three vital signs (pulse waveform, galvanic skin response and skin temperature) and six molecular biomarkers in human sweat (glucose, lactate, uric acid, sodium ions, potassium ions and ammonium). We develop a general approach to prepare electrochemical sensors that relies on analogous composite materials for stabilizing and conserving sensor interfaces. The resulting sensors offer long-term sweat biomarker analysis of more than 100 h with high stability. We show that the electronic skin can provide continuous multimodal physicochemical monitoring over a 24-hour period and during different daily activities. With the help of a machine learning pipeline, we also show that the platform can differentiate three stressors with an accuracy of 98.0% and quantify psychological stress responses with a confidence level of 98.7%.”

    Studies from Polytechnic University of Valencia Provide New Data on Artificial Intelligence (Large Language Models for In Situ Knowledge Documentation and Access With Augmented Reality)

    9-9页
    查看更多>>摘要:Investigators publish new report on Machine Learning - Artificial Intelligence. According to news reporting from Valencia, Spain, by NewsRx journalists, research stated, “Augmented reality (AR) has become a powerful tool for assisting operators in complex environments, such as shop floors, laboratories, and industrial settings. By displaying synthetic visual elements anchored in real environments and providing information for specific tasks, AR helps to improve efficiency and accuracy.” The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from the Polytechnic University of Valencia, “However, a common bottleneck in these environments is introducing all necessary information, which often requires predefined structured formats and needs more ability for multimodal and Natural Language (NL) interaction. This work proposes a new method for dynamically documenting complex environments using AR in a multimodal, non-structured, and interactive manner. Our method employs Large Language Models (LLMs) to allow experts to describe elements from the real environment in NL and select corresponding AR elements in a dynamic and iterative process. This enables a more natural and flexible way of introducing information, allowing experts to describe the environment in their own words rather than being constrained by a predetermined structure. Any operator can then ask about any aspect of the environment in NL to receive a response and visual guidance from the AR system, thus allowing for a more natural and flexible way of introducing and retrieving information.”

    Johns Hopkins University Reports Findings in Glossectomy [Autonomous System for Tumor Resection (ASTR) - Dual-Arm Robotic Midline Partial Glossectomy]

    10-10页
    查看更多>>摘要:New research on Surgery - Glossectomy is the subject of a report. According to news reporting out of Baltimore, Maryland, by NewsRx editors, research stated, “Head and neck cancers are the seventh most common cancers worldwide, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most prevalent histologic subtype. Surgical resection is a primary treatment modality for many patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and accurately identifying tumor boundaries and ensuring sufficient resection margins are critical for optimizing oncologic outcomes.” Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from Johns Hopkins University, “This study presents an innovative autonomous system for tumor resection (ASTR) and conducts a feasibility study by performing supervised autonomous midline partial glossectomy for pseudotumor with millimeter accuracy. The proposed ASTR system consists of a dual-camera vision system, an electrosurgical instrument, a newly developed vacuum grasping instrument, two 6-DOF manipulators, and a novel autonomous control system. The letter introduces an ontology-based research framework for creating and implementing a complex autonomous surgical workflow, using the glossectomy as a case study. Porcine tongue tissues are used in this study, and marked using color inks and near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) markers to indicate the pseudotumor. ASTR actively monitors the NIRF markers and gathers spatial and color data from the samples, enabling planning and execution of robot trajectories in accordance with the proposed glossectomy workflow. The system successfully performs six consecutive supervised autonomous pseudotumor resections on porcine specimens. The average surface and depth resection errors measure 0.73±0.60 and 1.89±0.54 , respectively, with no positive tumor margins detected in any of the six resections.”