期刊,Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News 2024年卷Feb.29期_国家学术搜索

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Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News

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Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News/Journal Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News

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Findings from National Institute of Applied Science (INSA) Lyon Provide New Insights into Robotics (Non-crossing Anonymous Mapf for Tethered Robots)

97-97页

查看更多>>摘要：Investigators publish new report on Robotics. According to news originating from Villeurbanne, France, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, "This paper deals with the anonymous multi-agent path finding (MAPF) problem for a team of tethered robots. The goal is to find a set of non-crossing paths such that the makespan is minimal." Financial support for this research came from European Commission Joint Research Centre. Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from the National Institute of Applied Science (INSA) Lyon, "A difficulty comes from the fact that a safety distance must be maintained between two robots when they pass through the same subpath, to avoid collisions and cable entanglements. Hence, robots must be synchronized and waiting times must be added when computing the makespan. We show that bounds can be efficiently computed by solving linear assignment problems. We introduce a variable neighborhood search method to improve upper bounds, and a Constraint Programming model to compute optimal solutions." According to the news editors, the research concluded: "We experimentally evaluate our approach on three different kinds of instances."

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Liverpool Hospital Reports Findings in Robotics (Robotic Assisted Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Initial Australian Experience)

97-98页

查看更多>>摘要：New research on Robotics is the subject of a report. According to news reporting out of Sydney, Australia, by NewsRx editors, research stated, "Robotic-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention (R-PCI) has been increasingly performed overseas. Initial observations have demonstrated its clinical efficacy and safety with additional potential benefits of more accurate lesion assessment and stent deployment, with reduced radiation exposure to operators and patients." Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from Liverpool Hospital, "However, data from randomised controlled trials or clinical experience from Australia are lacking. This was a single-centre experience of all patients undergoing R-PCI as part of the run-in phase for an upcoming randomised clinical trial (ACTRN12623000480684). All R-PCI procedures were performed using the CorPath GRX robot (Corindus Vascular Robotics, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA). Key inclusion criteria included patients with obstructive coronary disease requiring percutaneous coronary intervention. Major exclusion criteria included ST-elevation myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock or lesions deemed unsuitable for R-PCI by the operator. Clinical success was defined as residual stenosis ＜30% without in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Technical success was defined as the completion of the R-PCI procedure without unplanned manual conversion. Procedural characteristics were compared between early (cases 1-3) and later (cases 4-21) cases. Twenty-one (21) patients with a total of 24 lesions were analysed. The mean age of patients was 66.5 years, and 66% of cases were male. Radial access was used in 18 cases (86%). Most lesions were American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology class B2/C (66%). Clinical success was achieved in 100% with manual conversion required in four cases (19%). No procedural complications or in-hospital MACE occurred. Compared to the early cases, later cases had a statistically significantly shorter fluoroscopy time (44.0mins vs 25.2mins, p＜0.007), dose area product (967.3 dGy.cm vs 361.0dGy.cm, p=0.01) and air kerma (2484.3mGy vs 797.4mGy, p=0.009) with no difference in contrast usage (136.7mL vs 131.4mL, p=0.88). We present the first clinical experience of R-PCI in Australia using the Corindus CorPath GRX robot. We achieved clinical success in all patients and technical success in the majority of cases with no procedural complications or in-hospital MACE."

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University of Port Harcourt Researcher Reports Recent Findings in Machine Learning (Development of a Fault Detection and Localization Model for a Water Distribution Network)

98-99页

查看更多>>摘要：New research on artificial intelligence is the subject of a new report. According to news originating from Port Harcourt, Nigeria, by NewsRx editors, the research stated, "Water distribution networks are complex systems that aid in the delivery of water to residential and non-residential areas." Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from University of Port Harcourt: "However, the networks can be affected by different types of faults, which could lead to the wastage of treated water. As such, there is a need to develop a reliable leakage detection and localization system that can detect leak occurrences in the network. This study, using a simulated dataset from EPANET, presents the application of supervised machine learning classifiers for leak detection and localization in the water distribution network of the University of Port Harcourt Choba campus. The study compared three machine learning classification tools that are used in pattern recognition analysis: the support vector machine, knearest neighbor, and artificial neural network. The robustness and effectiveness of the proposed approach are compared with those of the performance of the classifiers for leakage detection in the network of the case study. The results show that the support vector machine performs the best, with 79% accuracy, while the respective accuracies for the remaining classifiers are 70% for the k-nearest neighbor and 61% for the artificial neural networks."

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Mdpi

Researchers at University of Wisconsin Madison Have Reported New Data on Machine Learning (How Close Are the Classical Twobody Potentials To ab Initio Calculations? Insights From Linear Machine Learning Based Force Matching)

99-100页

查看更多>>摘要：Research findings on Machine Learning are discussed in a new report. According to news reporting from Madison, Wisconsin, by NewsRx journalists, research stated, "In this work, we propose a linear machine learning force matching approach that can directly extract pair atomic interactions from ab initio calculations in amorphous structures. The local feature representation is specifically chosen to make the linear weights a force field as a force/potential function of the atom pair distance." The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from the University of Wisconsin Madison, "Consequently, this set of functions is the closest representation of the ab initio forces, given the two-body approximation and finite scanning in the configurational space. We validate this approach in amorphous silica. Potentials in the new force field (consisting of tabulated Si-Si, Si-O, and O-O potentials) are significantly different than existing potentials that are commonly used for silica, even though all of them produce the tetrahedral network structure and roughly similar glass properties. This suggests that the commonly used classical force fields do not offer fundamentally accurate representations of the atomic interaction in silica. The new force field furthermore produces a lower glass transition temperature (T-g similar to 1800 K) and a positive liquid thermal expansion coefficient, suggesting the extraordinarily high T-g and negative liquid thermal expansion of simulated silica could be artifacts of previously developed classical potentials."

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Zhejiang University Reports Findings in Alopecia Areata (Identification of SLC40A1, LCN2, CREB5, and SLC7A11 as ferroptosisrelated biomarkers in alopecia areata through machine learning)

100-101页

查看更多>>摘要：New research on Skin Diseases and Conditions - Alopecia Areata is the subject of a report. According to news reporting originating from Hangzhou, People's Republic of China, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, "Alopecia areata (AA) is a common non-scarring hair loss condition driven by the collapse of immune privilege and oxidative stress. The role of ferroptosis, a type of cell death linked to oxidative stress, in AA is yet to be explored, even though it's implicated in various diseases." Financial supporters for this research include Basic Public Welfare Research Project of Zhejiang, Science and Technology Major Project of Zhejiang Province and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Health Science and Technology Major Project of Hangzhou. Our news editors obtained a quote from the research from Zhejiang University, "Using transcriptome data from AA patients and controls from datasets GSE68801 and GSE80342, we aimed to identify AA diagnostic marker genes linked to ferroptosis. We employed Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) for immune cell infiltration evaluation. Correlations between ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (FRDEGs) and immune cells/functions were identified using Spearman analysis. Feature selection was done through Support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and LASSO regression models. Validation was performed using the GSE80342 dataset, followed by hierarchical internal validation. We also constructed a nomogram to assess the predictive ability of FRDEGs in AA. Furthermore, the expression and distribution of these molecules were confirmed through immunofluorescence. Four genes, namely SLC40A1, LCN2, CREB5, and SLC7A11, were identified as markers for AA. A prediction model based on these genes showed high accuracy (AUC = 0.9052). Immunofluorescence revealed reduced expression of these molecules in AA patients compared to normal controls (NC), with SLC40A1 and CREB5 showing significant differences. Notably, they were primarily localized to the outer root sheath and in proximity to the sebaceous glands. Our study identified several ferroptosis-related genes associated with AA. These findings, emerging from the integration of immune cell infiltration analysis and machine learning, contribute to the evolving understanding of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in AA."

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Studies Conducted at Boston College on Machine Learning Recently Published (American Clusters: Using Machine Learning to Understand Health and Health Care Disparities in the United States)

101-102页

查看更多>>摘要：Research findings on artificial intelligence are discussed in a new report. According to news originating from Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, "Health and health care access in the U.S. is plagued by high inequality." The news reporters obtained a quote from the research from Boston College: "While machine learning (ML) is increasingly used in clinical settings to inform health care delivery decisions and predict health care utilization, using ML as a research tool to understand health care disparities in the U.S. and how these are connected to health outcomes, access to health care, and health system organization is less common. We utilized over 650 variables from 24 different databases aggregated by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) in their Social Determinant of Health Database (SDOH). We used k-means-a nonhierarchical ML clustering method-to cluster county level data. Principal factor analysis created county level index values for each SDOH domain and two health care domains-health care infrastructure and health care access. Logistic regression classification was used to identify the primary drivers of cluster classification. The most efficient cluster classification consists of 3 distinct clusters in the U.S.; the cluster having the highest life expectancy comprised only 10% of counties."

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Studies from Shenyang University of Technology Add New Findings in the Area of Robotics (Monocular Visual Navigation Algorithm for Nursing Robots Via Deep Learning Oriented To Dynamic Object Goal)

102-103页

查看更多>>摘要：Research findings on Robotics are discussed in a new report. According to news reporting out of Liaoning, People's Republic of China, by NewsRx editors, research stated, "Robot navigation systems suffer from relatively localizing the robots and object goals in the three-dimensional(3D) dynamic environment. Especially, most object detection algorithms adopt in navigation suffer from large resource consumption and a low calculation rate." Funders for this research include National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), Liaoning Provincial Department of Education Service Local Project, Ministry of Education Spring Program. Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from the Shenyang University of Technology, "Hence, this paper proposes a lightweight PyTorch-based monocular vision 3D aware object goal navigation system for nursing robot, which relies on a novel pose-adaptive algorithm for inverse perspective mapping (IPM) to recover 3D information of an indoor scene from a monocular image. First, it detects objects and combines their location with the bird-eye view (BEV) information from the improved IPM to estimate the objects' orientation, distance, and dynamic collision risk. Additionally, the 3D aware object goal navigation network utilizes an improved spatial pyramid pooling strategy, which introduces an average-pooling branch and a max-pooling branch, better integrating local and global features and thus improving detection accuracy. Finally, a novel pose-adaptive algorithm for IPM is proposed, which introduces a novel voting mechanism to adaptively compensate for the monocular camera's pose variations to enhance further the depth information accuracy, called the adaptive IPM algorithm."

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Springer Nature

'Method Of Providing User Propensity Analysis Service Using Artificial Intelligence-Based Fingerprints' in Patent Application Approval Process (USPTO 20240054774)

103-106页

查看更多>>摘要：A patent application by the inventor Seo, Kyung-Sik (Gwangsan-gu, KR), filed on November 22, 2022, was made available online on February 15, 2024, according to news reporting originating from Washington, D.C., by NewsRx correspondents. This patent application has not been assigned to a company or institution. The following quote was obtained by the news editors from the background information supplied by the inventors: " "The present invention relates to a propensity analysis using fingerprints of a user based on artificial intelligence. "Efforts to figure out innate propensities and abilities of a human by analyzing fingerprints thereof have continued throughout human history. Recently, efforts have been made to perform aptitude and multitasking ability tests of a human by analyzing fingerprint information of ten fingers. "However, the conventional aptitude test and multitasking ability (intelligence) test have only provided insights into behavioral superiority, and there has been no effort to identify an accurate career path by using the test results. Accordingly, in determining the career path, since the test results cannot be used even after taking a test, many people have realized difficulties to find an appropriate career path, and have been experiencing difficulties to accurately evaluate the value of a genetic fingerprint aptitude test.

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'Hybrid Depth Imaging System' in Patent Application Approval Process (USPTO 20240053480)

106-111页

查看更多>>摘要：A patent application by the inventor Blasch, Ian (Boise, ID, US), filed on December 15, 2020, was made available online on February 15, 2024, according to news reporting originating from Washington, D.C., by NewsRx correspondents. This patent application is assigned to Jabil Optics Germany GmbH (Jena, Germany). The following quote was obtained by the news editors from the background information supplied by the inventors: "3D depth imaging techniques can be broadly divided in wavefront-based imaging (phase imaging, PI) and ray-based imaging (ray imaging, RI). An actual review over these techniques is given in Chen et al. (Chen, N. et al., "3D Imaging Based on Depth Measurement Technologies", Sensors 18, 3711 (2018)). Many techniques have been developed in PI, including coherent diffraction imaging, phase retrieval, holography, wavefront-based light field imaging, time-of-flight (ToF), and structured-light. For RI, there are also a lot of techniques such as stereo imaging and (ray-based) light field imaging (stereo imaging can be regarded as an extreme light field imaging). "For 3D imaging systems or sensors which can capture depth data of objects in a surrounding of the system, typically light/laser detection and ranging (LiDAR/LaDAR), time-of-flight (ToF, direct and indirect versions), amplitude or frequency modulated illumination, structured light, etc. are used. Such systems are found in autonomous mobile robots (AMRs), industrial mobile robots (IMRs), and automated guided vehicles (AGVs) like lift trucks, forklifts, cars, drones, etc. to avoid collisions, to detect obstacles, for passenger monitoring and for observing keep-out-zones for machines and robots. These systems can also be used for collaborative robotics, security and surveillance camera applications.

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'Sterile Protection Attachment For Tips Of Liquid-Handling Devices' in Patent Application Approval Process (USPTO 20240053373)

111-115页

查看更多>>摘要：A patent application by the inventors Rix, Karl (Velbert, DE); Schillig, Christophe (Gossau ZH, CH); Schneider, Falk (Aachen, DE); Schuler, Kai (Hoffeld SG, CH); Selzer, Sebastian (Klosterneuburg, AT), filed on January 11, 2022, was made available online on February 15, 2024, according to news reporting originating from Washington, D.C., by NewsRx correspondents. This patent application is assigned to Eppendorf SE (Hamburg, Germany). The following quote was obtained by the news editors from the background information supplied by the inventors: "Autosamplers or pipetting robots, which automate the process of sample preparation and distribution to a downstream and usually sequential analysis, can be typically found on the market. The samples are usually already available in suitable miniature vessels. Bioprocesses commonly require that samples be repeatedly withdrawn as sterilely as possible from the bioreactor during the cultivation therein and be stored temporarily or transferred directly (online) to an analysis. Since parallel operation of multiple bioreactors is increasingly being carried out, the sampling from multiple reactors is to be done via a sampling system (often in the form of a multiplexer). This requires compliance with usually increased sterile requirements, especially in the case of withdrawal from the bioreactor. The possibility of contamination from the environment or between different bioreactors (cross-contamination) must be reliably prevented. Online sampling systems can be in the form of hose-guided closed systems comprising pumps and valves or in the form of liquid-handling systems comprising reusable glass syringes or disposable plastic tips. In closed systems, the contamination or cleaning of the hoses, or the dead volume, is often a problem. Liquid-handling systems can, moreover, also be used for adding substances to multiple bioreactors during cultivation in a specific manner (e.g., on the basis of an evaluated analytical result for a previously withdrawn sample). In this case too, more reliable prevention of contamination is absolutely necessary.

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