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Reactive & functional polymers
Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
Reactive & functional polymers

Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.

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1381-5148

Reactive & functional polymers/Journal Reactive & functional polymersSCI
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    Methoxyl-Containing Hyper-Crosslinked Polymer from Largely Bio-Based Biphenyl Methyl Ether and Its Application in Lithium-Sulfur Battery

    Wale A.K.Ambade A.V.Wadgaonkar P.P.Das A.K....
    1.1-1.9页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Elsevier B.V.A new biphenyl methyl ether viz 2,2′,3,3′-tetramethoxy-5,5′-bis(methoxymethyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (TBMB) was synthesized starting from vanillin via three-step reaction sequence. The self-polycondensation of TBMB by employing two Bronsted acid catalysts, viz, p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFSA) led to the formation of organic hyper-crosslinked polymers (HCPs) containing built-in methoxyl groups. HCPs were characterized by FTIR, solid state 13C NMR, XPS, XRD, TGA, BET, and FESEM analysis techniques. HCPs synthesized using PTSA (HCP-PTSA) and TFSA (HCP-TFSA) exhibited a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 480 ± 5 and 590 ± 4 m2/g, respectively and consisted of hierarchical pore structures with both micropores and mesopores. HCP-TFSA was evaluated as an active coating layer on conventional polypropylene (PP) separator in lithium-sulfur batteries to suppress the polysulfide shuttling on account of the ability of methoxyl groups to anchor soluble polysulfide species via coordination. The significant polysulfide adsorption capacity and improved cycling stability with a capacity of 617.2 mAh g−1 at 0.5C and 99% capacity retention highlighted the potential of porous HCP containing built-in methoxyl groups in the development of attractive lithium-sulfur battery systems.
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    Adsorption behavior of amine-modified cotton stalk extract on Congo red in aqueous solution

    Zhang Z.Zhang C.Liu G.Lang D....
    1.1-1.9页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024Selective adsorbent materials for the remediation of printing and dyeing wastewater were successfully prepared from cotton stalks by sodium chlorite pretreatment and vinylamine modification. Its dye adsorption test showed that the cotton stalk-based adsorbent had a unique selective adsorption capacity for Congo red, and the maximum adsorption amount could reach 997.1 mg/g. It is worth noting that the environmental factors, such as pH value, salt ion concentration, and surfactant, had a small influence on the process. Exploring the adsorption mechanism, it was found that the process conformed to the quasi-secondary kinetic model (R2 > 0.99) and the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 > 0.99), in which electrostatic interactions, π-π, and hydrogen bonding played important roles in the adsorption process. Therefore, this environmentally friendly and efficient adsorbent has a broad application prospect in wastewater treatment.
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    Preparation of modified epoxy resin with high hydrophobicity, low dielectric constant, toughness, and flame retardant by epoxy-functionalized siloxanes

    Zhang Y.Shi Y.Jin C.Wu C....
    1.1-1.14页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Elsevier B.V.A series of α, ω-dimethylglycidoxypropyl-terminated PDMS oligomer (PDMS-GE) oligomers with different polymerization degrees were synthesized and used to modify the bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether E51 (DGEBA) / 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) epoxy resin, resulting in epoxy resins with high hydrophobicity, low dielectric constant, good impact toughness, low combustion heat release rate, and low total heat release. The combustion heat release rate and total heat release of the material decreased with the increase in the loadings of PDMS-GE. Relative to pure epoxy resin, the composite E51/D30–10, which using DGEBA as the matrix, PDMS-GE with a degree of polymerization of 30 as the modifier in an amount of 10 phr relative to the mass sum of DGEBA, PDMS-GE and DDM, exhibited the best comprehensive performance with a water contact angle of 102.42°, a dielectric strength of 6.49 kV/mm, a dielectric constant of 2.93 at 14.2 GHz, the peak rate of heat release (PRHR) and total heat release (THR) are of 378.3 kW/m2 and 134.4 MJ/m2, respectively. These comprehensive performances underscore the potential of PDMS-GE oligomers in significantly improving epoxy resin properties. When the loadings of PDMS-GE oligomers are less than 5 wt%, PDMS-GE with a lower degree of polymerization can improve the toughness of epoxy resins. The impact strength of the composite E51/D24–5, which uses DGEBA as the matrix, PDMS-GE with a degree of polymerization of 24 as the modifier in an amount of 5 phr relative to the mass sum of DGEBA, PDMS-GE, and DDM, reaches 98.1 kJ/m2, which is about 28.9 % higher than that of pure epoxy resin. The results also indicated that the degree of polymerization of PDMS-GE oligomers has less influence on the dielectric properties and mechanical properties of composite materials.
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    Comprehensive performance improvement and functional upgrade of Magnolia-based epoxy resins

    Bai X.Li Z.Dong Y.Gao X....
    1.1-1.14页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Elsevier B.V.The magnolol- (MEP) and honokiol-epoxy resin (HEP) were prepared from the extract of the natural plant Magnolia officinalis. Those monomers were cured with hardeners, such as 4,4-diamino diphenyl sulfone (DDS) and 4,4′-bis (3-aminophenoxy) diphenyl sulfone (BDS), respectively via solvent-free process to fabricate networks with excellent mechanical properties. The curing procedures occurred in a wide temperature interval (65 °C), which made the concerning vacuum-assisted resin infusion feasible. Notedly, all combinations exhibited increased thermal stability (Td5, 359.7–381.9 °C) with Tmax fluctuating around 450 °C. The phase transition temperature (Tα) screen suggested that except MEP/BDS (Tα, 147.2 °C), other combinations varied from 264.2 °C to 281.2 °C. In addition, DDS allowed the networks with slightly lower thermal expansion coefficients (CTE, 68.1 ppm/ oC, <180 °C for HEP/DDS), while the BDS yielded relatively high CTE values (87.1 ppm/ oC, <106 °C, for MEP/BDS). The LOI value (33 %) and vertical burning test (UL-94) indicated their outstanding flame retardancy (UL 94 V-0). Furthermore, for MEP/BDS, the unique solvolysis (in DMF or THF) and thermally induced shape memory properties along with the superior flame retardancy demonstrated its overall high performances. As a whole, these performance improvements further facilitate the high-end applications of sustainable resins in cutting-edge areas.
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    Preparation and application of superhydrophobic polypropylene melt-blown nonwovens by organic solvent etch

    Ma T.Gan L.Xu S.Han C....
    1.1-1.10页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024Since the global outbreak of COVID-19, medical masks have become one of the most concerned pieces of epidemiological protection equipment. Polypropylene melt-blown nonwovens are the core filtration materials of medical masks, but the filtration performance deteriorates drastically with prolonged use and water vapor adherence. Here, a series of organic solvents were used to etch the melt-blown nonwovens to construct a graded rough structure and thus obtain durable superhydrophobic melt-blown nonwovens. The melt-blown nonwovens etched with a mixture of cyclohexane and n-hexane (volume ratio: 3:2) at 65 °C for 30 min exhibited excellent superhydrophobicity (water contact angle ∼153.5°, sliding angle ∼5.9°), high durability and great chemical resistance. The mechanical strength of the superhydrophobic melt-blown nonwoven has changed very little compared to the original melt- blown nonwoven, and it has a good filtration efficiency (89.2 %) and low wind resistance (24.3 Pa). In addition, the superhydrophobic melt-blown nonwoven can achieve more than 8.5 times its previous mass of organic solvent adsorption, with oil and water separation efficiency reaching over 91 %. Therefore, the PP melt-blowns prepared by the organic solvent etching method have greatly improved mask filtration performance and they also have great application prospect in oil-water separation.
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    Adjustment in physicochemical properties of PMMA particles through different photopolymerization methods to achieve their functional applications in various scenarios

    Yu S.Peng B.Wang Z.Xing J....
    1.1-1.15页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Elsevier B.V.Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a polymeric compound synthesized from its monomer unit methyl methacrylate (MMA). PMMA is usually processed into particles and the functional application of these particles has been promoted in various fields such as biomedicine, coatings, and optical devices. At present, the preparation process for PMMA particles in industrialization mostly relies on thermal polymerization. Still, the traditional thermal-initiated mode has high energy consumption and long cycles, so it is urgent to explore new approaches for preparing PMMA particles with low energy and high efficiency. Photopolymerization is an effective medium for achieving this goal and has the advantages of fast curing, mild reaction conditions, and environmental protection. Therefore, this review summarizes the photoinitiated preparation methods of PMMA particles, including emulsion photopolymerization, dispersion photopolymerization, controlled/living radical photopolymerization, surface-initiated photopolymerization, and in situ photopolymerization. Furthermore, the functional application of PMMA particles based on these photopolymerization methods is further introduced and prospected.
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    TPFPP@PMMA core-shell polymer modified flame retardant separator achieved by aqueous technique for high-voltage lithium metal batteries

    Chen D.Hong M.Wan J.Li W....
    1.1-1.11页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Elsevier B.V.The safety of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is a critical barrier to their further development towards achieving higher energy densities exceeding 400 Wh kg−1. Although the incorporation of flame-retardant additives into the liquid electrolyte can enhance the safety of LMBs, it often compromises electrochemical performance. To achieve a balance, a flame-retardant separator with thermally responsive properties has been developed by coating a core-shell flame-retardant polymer (poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as the shell and tris (pentafluorophenyl) phosphine (TPFPP) as the core) onto a polyethylene (PE) separator using an aqueous technique. Compared to the original PE separator, the TPFPP@PMMA flame-retardant separator exhibits superior mechanical strength and electrolyte wettability, along with significantly improved flame retardancy and thermal stability. Due to the excellent compatibility of PMMA polymer with lithium anode, a stable cycle life of over 500 hours for the Li||Li symmetrical coin cell has been achieved. The capacity retention of the Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 battery is higher than that of the PE separator (80.0% vs. 65.8%) after 100 cycles between 3.0 V and 4.35 V, ascribed to the formation of a stable and robust cathode electrolyte interface (CEI) film, primarily composed of rich LiF and poor Li2CO3 on the cathode surface, induced by the PT/PE separator. Thus, the developed flame-retardant separator offers new prospects to the revival of high-energy-density LMBs.
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    Design, synthesis, and application of polyimide with highly intrinsic black color and low thermal expansion derived from a novel diamine containing TDPP moiety

    Yuan J.Huang J.Tan J.Li H....
    1.1-1.9页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024With the rapid expansion of microelectronics, there is a surging demand for black polyimide (BPI). However, the current BPIs have shortcomings of reduced thermal and electrical capabilities, low dimension stability, and poor masking ability. Hence, the development of BPIs with outstanding overall properties is urgent. To obtain high-performance BPIs, this study introduces a chromophore called 3,6-bis(thiophen-2-yl)diketopyrrolopyrroles (TDPP), which is known for its exceptional molar extinction coefficient. A new diamine (DPPTPyDA) incorporating TDPP grafted with pyrimidine groups was synthesized. DPPTPyDA was then polymerized with pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) to yield black polyimide (DPPTPyPI). TDPP grafted with pyrimidine acted as a chromophore system that red-shifted and broadened the light absorption of PI. The resulting DPPTPyPI exhibited total absorption in the visible region and showed a deep black appearance. Its cut-off wavelength (λcut) reached 695 nm, and CIE-Lab coordinate L* was low to 1.25. DPPTPyPI also displayed a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and outstanding thermal and electrical characteristics. Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the exceptional light absorption of DPPTPyPI primarily stemmed from the transitions from HOMO to LUMO+1 within the chromophore framework. The flexible copper-clad laminate (FCCL) fabricated from DPPTPyPI showed exceptional peeling strength and resistance to high soldering temperature. This intrinsic BPI with excellent overall properties has important applications in the field of microelectronics.
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    Recent advances in collagen-based hydrogels: Materials, preparation and applications

    She J.Liu J.Mu Y.Lv S....
    1.1-1.25页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Elsevier B.V.Collagen is a three-dimensional polymer helical fibrous protein with good bioactivity, biocompatibility, reparability and affinity. Hydrogels made from collagen have been widely used in research fields such as biomedicine, flexible sensing and food engineering because of their good biocompatibility, degradability, low toxicity and low cost. This paper discusses the classification, extraction and modification techniques of collagen as well as the different methods of preparation of collagen-based hydrogels, which are mainly categorized into physical and chemical cross-linking methods. In addition, various unique properties of collagen-based hydrogels such as hydrophilicity, mechanical properties, porosity and degradability are analyzed and discussed. Finally, the various functional properties of collagen-based hydrogels and their cutting-edge applications in biomedicine, food engineering, smart sensing and adsorbent materials are summarized. The research progress of this special biomass material in various fields is shown in detail, and the problems in the current applications are pointed out and solutions are proposed. Herein, the preparation, properties and applications of collagen-based hydrogels are described in detail, the current status of research is analyzed, and the future development trend is prospected, expecting that collagen-based hydrogels will be more widely used in the future.
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    Energy and combustion performance of Al/PVDF composite films: Vapor-grown carbon fiber as a new additive

    Li W.Wang Y.Liu R.Deng Z....
    1.1-1.11页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024Vapor-grown carbon fibers (VGCF) have received significant attention due to their excellent properties, including low density, high specific modulus, super specific strength, and large specific surface area. To investigate the impact of VGCF on the energy and combustion performance of the aluminum (Al)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) metastable intermolecular composite (MIC) system, the composite films of Al/PVDF with varying VGCF contents were prepared using the spin-coating method. The micromorphology, crystal structure, mechanical property, energy, and combustion performance of the films were analyzed. The results demonstrate that the addition of VGCF greatly enhanced the system's performance, particularly in terms of hydrophobicity and tensile properties. Furthermore, the participation of VGCF also promoted gas generation during the combustion process, leading to an increase and subsequent decrease in reaction heat release and burning rate within a specific range. The optimal range for VGCF addition in composite films was determined to be 0.8 %–1.2 %. When the addition amount is 0.8 %, the heat release of total reaction, heat release of fluorination reaction, and burning rate reached maximum values of 4773 J·g−1, 4551 J·g−1, and 77.2 mm·s−1, respectively. Compared with VGCF-0, the heat release increased by 687 J·g−1 and 848 J·g−1, respectively, and the combustion rate increased by nearly 13 %. When the addition of VGCF reached 2.0 %, a new product, Al4C3, appeared, deviating from the original performance trend and enhancing energy release and combustion performance. This study provides valuable insights for the application of VGCF as an additive in MIC materials.
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