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Journal of hydrologic engineering
American Society of Civil Engineers
Journal of hydrologic engineering

American Society of Civil Engineers

1084-0699

Journal of hydrologic engineering/Journal Journal of hydrologic engineeringSCIEIISTP
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    Emerging Fields in Hydrology

    Vijay P. SinghXiming CaiSolomon Vimal
    02525001.1-02525001.11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Forum papers are thought-provoking opinion pieces or essays founded in fact, sometimes containing speculation, on a civil engineering topic of general interest and relevance to the readership of the journal. The views expressed in this Forum article do not necessarily reflect the views of ASCE or the Editorial Board of the journal.
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    • NSTL
    • Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers

    Temporal Evaluation of Scour Hole Dimensions due to Plain Wall Jets in Noncohesive Sediments Using a Soft Computing Approach: White-Box versus Black-Box Modeling

    Reza BaratiMojtaba MehraeinMohamad Javad AlizadehVida Atashi...
    04024060.1-04024060.14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Jet scour presents a significant challenge for hydrological analysis and hydraulic design of river structures, with the temporal dynamics of scour hole dimensions posing a critical concern. This study analyzed the effectiveness of two AI-based models, extreme learning machine (ELM) and multigen genetic programming (MGGP), in predicting these fluctuations and identifying governing parameters. Both models demonstrated substantial predictive accuracy, exceeding the performance of existing empirical models. MGGP outperformed ELM in the training and testing phases, yielding four interpretable equations for practical applications. These equations enable designers to precisely predict temporal variations in scour hole dimensions based on key parameters, with nondimensional scouring time identified as the most influential factor. Surprisingly, channel width ratio and sediment standard deviation impacted model accuracy minimally. Additionally, the study emphasized the relevance of using the densiometric Froude number to capture temporal scour hole dynamics from plain wall jets. This research underscores the potential of using Al-based models to enhance scour prediction and design optimization of related structures. The proposed MGGP equations offer a practically relevant and accurate tool for managing jet scour, surpassing the limitations of previous approaches.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers

    Coupling Coastal and Hydrologic Models through Next Generation National Water Model Framework

    Ebrahim HamidiHart HenrichsenAbbie SandquistHongyuan Zhang...
    04025001.1-04025001.9页
    查看更多>>摘要：It is important to understand flooding in highly populated coastal regions, especially as the severity of extreme flood events is projected to increase. The integration of inland and coastal models offers an improved representation of flooding phenomena in coastal regions. The Next Generation Water Resources Modeling (NextGen) is a state-of-the-art computational system designed to enable model interoperability and facilitate the study of water-related problems across various scales. NextGen has the potential to couple hydrologic, hydraulic, and hydro-dynamic models. This study develops the first Basic Model Interface (BMI) to couple a coastal model (GeoClaw) with the National Water Model Conceptual Functional Equivalent (CFE) hydrologic model through the NextGen framework to expand the initial capability of the NextGen National Water Model (NWM) for interaction with coastal models. In this study, we successfully demonstrate the coupling process of coastal and hydrologic models for Hurricanes Harvey and Ike in a watershed that discharges into Galveston Bay, Texas, using the NextGen framework. This study lacks time series discharge integration in the coupled model but provides a foundation for future work, paving the way for efficient advancements such as two-way coupling.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers

    Assessment of Nonstationary Drought Frequency under Climate Change Using Copula and Bayesian Hierarchical Models

    Alok Kumar SamantarayMeenu RamadasMeghna Babbar-SebensSudip Gautam...
    04025002.1-04025002.14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Characterization of nonstationarity in drought metrics due to the effects of combined forcings of natural climate variability and anthropogenic climate change are critical to effective adaptive management of future droughts. In this study, we propose a nonstationary copula-Bayesian hierarchical model framework to perform drought severity-duration-frequency (S-D-F) analysis. The methodology is demonstrated for a study region in Oregon, where significant temporal trends in meteorological drought have been observed. Based on the deviance information criterion (DIC), the nonstationary Bayesian hierarchical model with prior and hyperprior distributions is the best choice for nonstationary frequency analysis. The S-D-F curves developed for historical and future climate are compared to understand the different impacts of climate change on meteorological drought patterns in the study region. The average drought severity is projected to increase by up to 25% under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario in the 2021-2040 period at a few locations in the study region. Similarly, under the RCP 8.5 scenario, changes in projected drought characteristics are indicative that drought conditions may exacerbate by the end of the 21st century. Severe drought events are also projected to have lower return periods by the nonstationary models. The study highlights the importance of applying the nonstationary S-D-F curves in water resource systems design and analysis.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers

    Numerical Evaluation of the Constant-Head Borehole Permeameter Method for Stormwater Infiltration Design

    J. Scott KindredRichard MartinMehrad KamalzareAN Sharbat...
    04025003.1-04025003.12页
    查看更多>>摘要：The current standard of practice for sizing stormwater infiltration facilities typically relies on one-dimensional (1D) test methods that do not account for the full dynamics of groundwater flow, including lateral flow and capillary flow. Although some agencies allow methods that do account for lateral and capillary flow, these methods are relatively small-scale and may not replicate the effects of soil layering below a full-scale infiltration facility. The uncased and cased methods evaluated in this study account for lateral and capillary flow and can be used to evaluate both small-scale and large-scale infiltration tests in a broad range of test facilities, including excavated pits, uncased shallow boreholes, and deep cased wells. This study provides numerically calibrated shape factors for both glacially consolidated and normally consolidated soils that are generally considered suitable for stormwater infiltration [saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_s) > 0.1 m/day]. Soil sorptive numbers (α*), which quantify the degree of soil capillarity, were also calculated for the 10 representative soils evaluated in this study. Using the α* estimates and calibrated shape factors developed for this study, these methods can provide estimates of K_s with a bias range of 0.87-1.13 and an average bias of 0.99. Bias is the calculated K_s based on the constant-head borehole permeameter method divided by the specified K_s used in the numerical model. As demonstrated in this study, the constant-head borehole permeameter methods are well-suited for predicting the flow capacity of full-scale infiltration facilities.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers

    Enhancing NWP-Based Reference Evapotranspiration Forecasts: Role of ETo Approaches and Temperature Postprocessing

    Sakila SaminathanSubhasis Mitra
    04025004.1-04025004.17页
    查看更多>>摘要：Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) forecasts are essential for estimating irrigation water demand and agricultural water management. However, studies have not examined numerical weather prediction (NWP)-based ETo forecast enhancement with respect to different ETo approaches and climate zones in the Indian subcontinent. In this study, we use two probabilistic postprocessing techniques (PPT), namely, nonhomogeneous Gaussian regression (NGR) and Bayesian model averaging (BMA), and assess their performance in enhancing NWP-based ETo forecasts at short to medium-range time scales (1 to 7 days) over different climate zones in the Indian subcontinent. Weather variables from NWP model outputs are used to estimate the ETo forecasts. Two ETo approaches, namely, the food and agriculture organization (FAO)-Penman Monteith (PM) and temperature-based Hargreaves-Samani (HS) methods, are utilized for ETo estimation. The effectiveness of PPTs in enhancing the ETo forecasts using these approaches is also evaluated. Further, hydrologic forecasting studies have traditionally used postprocessed temperature forecasts toward forecasting of ETo in hydrologic models. However, the rationale of this approach is debatable. In this study, we also evaluate if the postprocessing of temperature forecasts produces comparable ETo forecast performance relative to the postprocessing of the ETo forecasts. Results revealed that raw ETo forecasts from both NWPs perform poorly, especially in the northern (polar zone) regions. Further, wind speed and solar radiation were found to be the dominant variables contributing to low ETo forecast skill over the region. The forecasts using the HS method were found to be less skillful than the forecasts from the PM approach. Postprocessing results indicate that both the PPTs are able to considerably enhance ETo forecast skill across all the climate zones and the NGR approach outperforms the BMA technique. The postprocessing was especially able to enhance the skill of forecasts in northern (polar zone) regions where the raw ETo forecast skill was particularly low. The estimation of ETo forecasts using temperature postprocessed ETo forecasts (EToT) revealed that temperature postprocessing does not considerably improve the accuracy of the EToT forecasts. Outcomes of this study have implications for hydrologic forecasting, irrigation water management, and development of irrigation-based decision-making systems in the Indian subcontinent.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers

    Quantifying the Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on Runoff in the Upper Yongding River Basin

    Yiyang YangSiyu CaiXiangyu SunHao Wang...
    05025001.1-05025001.15页
    查看更多>>摘要：Due to the impact of climate change and human activities, part of the Yongding River has stopped flowing, and the hydrological environment is damaged. The hydrological condition can be used to assess the ecological environment of the watershed, and analyzing the driving factors affecting the hydrological condition is essential for the environmental restoration of the watershed, but it is particularly challenging on a daily scale. This paper used the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration and the Range of Variability Approach (IHA-RVA) method to screen out the sensitive indicators in different periods that are representative of each river; determined the hydrological variation periods of the upper Yongding River and the two subbasins, the Yang River and the Sanggan River; and quantitatively identified the contribution of climate change and different human activities (water withdrawals and reservoir storage) to the basin's runoff by constructing a daily-scale model named the Water and Energy Transfer between Soil, Plants, and Atmosphere (WetSpa) model. The results showed that the upper Yongding River, the Yang River, and the Sanggan River had a high degree of variation (87.2%), a low degree of variation (20%), and a moderate degree of variation (37.5%) in 1975-1988, 1980-1986, and 1978-1993, respectively. Human activities were the main driving factors, but their contributions varied across different basins. The Yang River is mostly affected by water withdrawals, with a contribution rate of 125.90%. The Sanggan River was affected mostly by reservoir storage, with a contribution rate of 153.47%. The upper Yongding River was affected mostly by climate change. A stricter management system can reduce the impact of human activities on runoff changes and provide a guarantee for the restoration of the ecological environment of the upper Yongding River.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers

    Impact of Indira Sagar Dam on Water Discharge and Sediment Flow Regimes of the Narmada Basin

    Pragati PrajapatiGaurav Kumar MeenaSomil SwarnkarSanjeev Kumar Jha...
    05025002.1-05025002.14页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a large dam on water flow and sediment transport within the Narmada River Basin. It investigates alterations in upstream and downstream flow regimes resulting from the construction of the Indira Sagar Dam (ISD), the largest dam in Central India. We used the concepts of Monte Carlo simulations, change detection test, generalized additive models for location scale and shape (GAMLSS) data-driven model, and Taylor uncertainty. In the pre- and post-dam conditions, we observed no significant change in the water discharge at the upstream and downstream stations, but we observed significant alterations in suspended sediment load at the downstream station. Our results show that in the 14 years (2005-2019), suspended sediment transport in the downstream area has decreased by nearly 211% during the monsoon period, as reproduced by the GAMLSS model. The results of this study will be beneficial for devising sediment management and flood control measures in the vicinity of the Indira Sagar Dam.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers

    Forecast-Informed Reservoir Operations within a Satellite-Based Framework for Mountainous and High-Precipitation Regions: Case of the 2018 Kerala Floods

    Pritam DasSarath SureshFaisal HossainVivek Balakrishnan...
    05025003.1-05025003.15页
    查看更多>>摘要：River regulation in mountainous and high-precipitation regions with hydropower dams often struggles to find the right balance between hydropower generation while ensuring flood protection for downstream inhabitants. The goal of hydropower generation is to keep reservoirs at the maximum pool as often as possible while for flood control, it is to maintain sufficient cushion in available storage to absorb an incoming flood wave. Using weather forecasts to proactively manage reservoir operations for such conflicting goals is now a well-known solution. However, this challenge of applying forecast-informed reservoir operations is magnified in developing regions where there is a paucity of ground data to track reservoir dynamics. In this study, we explore the utility of using publicly available precipitation forecasts from the Global Ensemble Forecasting System (GEFS) with a fully satellite-based reservoir tracking framework called reservoir assessment tool (RAT) to understand the potential of forecast-informed operations in highly mountainous and high-precipitation regions that are mostly ungauged. We apply our investigation to the case of damaging floods that took place in 2018 in the Southern Indian state of Kerala where river regulation is carried out with a fleet of hydropower dams. Our results show that the precipitation forecast from GEFS has sufficient skill, if focused on trends and bias adjustment, to predict reservoir inflow peaks up to a week ahead of time where the trend for the timing of the peak and rate of rise match well. Using our satellite-based RAT framework, we explore the range of actionable scenarios for dam operators that could potentially minimize downstream flood risk with this forecast-informed reservoir operations scheme.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers

    Addressing Uncertainties in Surface Velocity Profiles and Discharge Estimation through Noncontact Methods: Case Study of Two Himalayan Rivers

    Abhishek KumarManoj Kumar Jain
    05025004.1-05025004.16页
    查看更多>>摘要：The study presents a new approach to analyzing the uncertainties associated with the surface velocity profiles (SVPs) while estimating the discharge in mountainous rivers using noncontact hydrometric techniques. The behavior of SVPs was studied based on the surface velocity measurements taken at different verticals using surface velocity radar (SVR) across sections of two major Himalayan rivers, namely Bhagirathi and Ganga, at Devprayag, India. The findings indicate that a sixth-degree polynomial profile (SDPP) more accurately represents SVP than does traditional parabolic and elliptical profiles, with a mean error less than 25% versus 75%-100% for the other profiles. Additionally, the SDPP required fewer data points (approximately 25-50) to delineate the profile, compared with 100 or more needed for the other profiles. The study also proposes a straightforward approach to accurately determining the location of the maximum velocity across the section (or the y-axis) for discharge estimation using one-point velocity measurements. By introducing a dip correction factor, δ_i, the surface velocity was corrected. With the newly derived y-axis (y_d), a significant improvement in discharge estimates was gained, and accuracy increased as much as 20%. Furthermore, the SDPP was utilized to estimate the discharge for a fixed type of telemetry radar if it was wrongly installed near the assumed y-axis (y_a). The SDPP provided a large range of verticals to establish the fixed radar without compromising the accuracy of estimated discharge. The study offers a twofold solution for mountainous rivers: the SDPP requires fewer data points to accurately determine the SVP, and provides a broad range of verticals for fixed radar placement. Additionally, accurately locating the y-axis with the dip correction factor enhances discharge estimate accuracy using portable radars, especially at poorly gauged river sites in mountainous regions.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers