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Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Kluwer Academic Publishers
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

Kluwer Academic Publishers

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0167-6369

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment/Journal Environmental Monitoring and AssessmentSCIEI
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    Water stress assessment in rainfed crops and pastures by using remotely sensed evapotranspiration

    Mosayeb MoqbeliArman OliazadehSeyed Hossein Sanaei NejadMojtaba Sadegh...
    617.1-617.18页
    查看更多>>摘要：Agricultural drought is a natural and damaging phenomenon that is especially harmful to rainfed agriculture. It occurs when there is insufficient soil moisture in the root zone for plants to survive between two rainfall events. In the absence of soil moisture, a variety of losses, including soil evaporation and plant transpiration, cause an imbalance between water supply and water loss. An evapotranspiration- based index was used here to assess agricultural drought. We applied this framework to a less studied area near Fariman City in the northeast part of IRAN. Two time periods were selected for comparison including 2015 and 2016 spring season that are associated with dry and wet conditions, respectively. To calculate the drought index, actual and potential evapotranspiration were estimated by the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL), the upgraded Priestley-Taylor method and remote sensing data. The Relative Water Deficit Index (RWDI) illustrated that lack of water in rainfed lands and pastures for the dry period was obtained from 80 to 100 percent, whereas this was between 50 and 70% for the wet period.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Efectiveness of ballast water management systems in the Great Lakes based on a paired uptake‑discharge sample design

    Oscar Casas‑MonroyJiban C. DebJocelyn KyddRobin Rozon...
    618.1-618.14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Ships' ballast water is a major vector for aquatic non-native species, particularly in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River (GLSLR) region. Effective September 8, 2024, international ships must comply with an international convention limiting live organisms in discharged ballast water, typically by installing onboard ballast water management systems (BWMS). This study assessed BWMS effectiveness in the GLSLR using a paired uptake-discharge sample design (before and after treatment), to evaluate live organism abundance in the two regulated size classes, and plankton diversity, using microscopy and high-throughput sequencing. Samples from 10 ships (11 paired events) collected in 2019 and 2022 revealed uptake abundances of living organisms up to 107,600 organisms/m~3 for the large (≥ 50 μm) and 169 organisms/mL for the small (≥ 10 to ＜ 50 μm) size classes, respectively. While all discharge samples met the small size class limit, four samples exceeded the large size class limit, with BWMS reducing abundances by at least 98%. High uptake abundance and BWMS filter mesh size were key predictors of organism abundance in discharge samples, highlighting potential challenges in meeting the discharge standard in eutrophic waters. BWMS also reduced plankton diversity in discharge samples compared to uptake samples, with molecular methods showing greater sensitivity than microscopy but potentially detecting DNA from both live and dead organisms. The findings underline the need for further research to address BWMS performance in different water qualities and to improve technology. Complementary use of microscopy and molecular methods offers a comprehensive approach to evaluating plankton diversity and BWMS effectiveness.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Classifcation of wildfres in relation to land cover types and associated variables by applying cluster analysis: a case study in the Iberian Peninsula

    Laura SerraPablo JuanCarlos Diaz‑AvalosPau Arago...
    619.1-619.23页
    查看更多>>摘要：Wildfres are a major environmental problem that have both economic and ecological impacts. Wildfres typically spread in a particular pattern, determined by factors such as the elements on the ground that catch fre or their geographic location. This study reports and discusses how wildfres in the Valencian Community, Spain, have been spatially grouped in recent years (from 2016 to 2020). It also characterizes each cluster in terms of location and land cover. An exploratory analysis of the environmental variables associated with wildfres has been conducted using fnite Gaussian mixture models in R (R package mclust). The primary fndings can be used to better understand the types of wildfres that occur in individual spatial zones. Some interesting cluster patterns in specifc geographical areas, such as river basins, have also been reported. The method can identify clusters of fres by detecting areas with similar characteristics at the land use level. It also allows for the implementation of measures aimed at reducing the impacts of wildfres and can help in the extinction of wildfres based on the characteristics of all the fres grouped using spatial and land cover dimensions.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Characterization of fresh and corroded nano zero‑valent iron (nZVI) to remove Cr (Ⅵ) in soil environment

    Yujie ZhangQiansong ZhengJiangmin ZhouHan Ren...
    620.1-620.11页
    查看更多>>摘要：To understand the transformation of nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) in soil environments, a magnetic adsorption method was employed to recover nZVI from remediated soil, and the properties of the recovered (corroded) nZVI were characterized. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis showed that the remediated soil consisted of stacked sheetlike layers, still rich in intergranular micropores. A significant portion of nZVI remained as spherical particles, with their average particle size increasing by 22.97% compared with fresh nZVI. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analyses indicated that the nZVI in the soil mainly comprised magnetite ( Fe_3O_4), magnet hematite (γ-Fe_2O_3) and a small amount of lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH). Although nZVI underwent oxidation and corrosion during the soil remediation process, it remained in nanoparticle form. Increasing the amount of nZVI and lowering the initial pH of the soil could improve the removal efficiency of soil Cr (Ⅵ). However, the removal efficiency of fresh nZVI was higher than that of the corroded nZVI, with adsorption capacities of 6.18 mg/g for fresh nZVI and 1.85 mg/g for the corroded nZVI. Despite the reduced efficiency, the corroded nZVI retained its nanoparticle characteristics. This study provides important insights into the environmental behavior of nZVI in soil remediation.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Air pollutant monitoring in diferent brick kiln technologies: a step towards the implication of emission inventory development of Punjab, Pakistan

    Naseer AhmadSahar SaleemTariq MahmoodSaeed Gulzar...
    621.1-621.16页
    查看更多>>摘要：The inefficiency of fixed chimney bull's trench kilns (FCBTKs) leads to high emissions of smoke, particulate matter, and gaseous pollutants, impacting local air quality and nearby populations. Given the lack of air quality data on the brick kiln sector, this study aims to assess gaseous pollutants emissions to support the formulation of an emissions inventory for the brick kiln industry, providing a basis for pollution reduction policies. To achieve this, the present study was conducted in four districts of Punjab (Attock, Chakwal, Rawalpindi, and Mianwali) to compare emissions from FCBTKs and induced draught zigzag brick kilns (IDZZKs). Emission rates were measured to evaluate the performance of both kiln technologies, and the results showed a reduction in emissions of 35%, 26%, 17.6%, and 4% for CO, CO_2, SO_2, and NO_x, respectively, in IDZZKs. To further assess the impacts of IDZZKs, emission inventories were made based on emission factors including emission rate (ER), mass-based-emission factors (Efm), energy-based factors, (Efe) and production- based factors (Efp). The emission inventories depict a 10% decrease in fuel consumption, while brick production increased by 42% in IDZZKs compared to FCBTKs. These findings show the benefits of adopting IDZZKs, which are the basis of proposed policy guidelines. The guidelines recommend: effectively communicating the benefits of IDZZKs to kiln owners, offering financial support for kiln retrofitting, and implementing strict monitoring and penalties to ensure compliance with emission standards. Overall, the study concluded that IDZZKs technology offers significant environmental benefits by reducing emissions and fuel consumption, improving air quality, and contributing to sustainable brick production.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Assessment of heavy metal accumulation and essential nutrients in fruits: implications for food safety and environmental sustainability

    Hatice YumusakbasYilmaz UgurZeynep MarasSemih Bueyueksoylu...
    622.1-622.15页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study investigates the total concentrations of essential and potentially toxic elements in cherries (Prunus avium), strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa), and grapes (Vitis vinifera) to assess food safety and environmental sustainability. A total of 550 fruit samples and corresponding leaf and soil samples were collected from cherry, strawberry, and grape plants across 60 individuals, with 1 kg of soil sampled per plant. Elemental concentrations were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results indicated that potassium (K) was the dominant macro element in strawberries (3242.08 mg/kg), while calcium (Ca) exhibited the highest concentration in grapes (4748.0 mg/kg). Iron (Fe) concentrations were notably high in grape soils (170.85 mg/kg), besides cadmium (Cd) concentrations exceeded permissible regulatory limits in all samples, suggesting contamination from agricultural sources. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) revealed distinct elemental patterns between fruit, leaf, and soil compartments. These findings highlight the necessity of continuous monitoring and regulatory enforcement to mitigate heavy metal exposure in agricultural products.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Efcient Cr (Ⅵ) removal from tannery wastewater using Co‑Zn ferrite‑modifed water hyacinth biochar: mechanisms and optimization

    M. Hedayet UllahMohammad Jellur Rahman
    623.1-623.17页
    查看更多>>摘要：Chromium contamination from tannery effluents significantly threatens environmental sustainability and public health. This study aims to develop a Co-Zn ferrite-incorporated water hyacinth biochar (Co-ZnF@WHB) for efficient Cr (Ⅵ) removal from contaminated water. The biochar was synthesized through pyrolysis of water hyacinth steam at 450 ℃, followed by HNO_3 activation to enhance surface functionality. FTIR and XPS analysis confirmed the introduction of C = O and - OH groups, which created active sites and significantly improved Cr (Ⅵ) adsorption. XPS analysis indicated Cr (Ⅵ) reduction to Cr (Ⅲ) via oxidation of - C = O to COO~- groups. The incorporation of Co-Zn ferrite introduced magnetic properties, facilitating easy separation. Adsorption experiments revealed a strong pH dependence, with maximum capacities of 52.15 mg/g at pH 2.0 (298 K) in synthetic solutions and 66.38 mg/g at pH 3.54 for tannery effluent. Kinetic modeling suggested chemisorption as the rate-limiting step, while isotherm analysis confirmed monolayer adsorption. Thermodynamic studies indicated an endothermic (ΔH~o ≈ 34 kJ/mol) and spontaneous (ΔG~o ＜ 0) adsorption process. The response surface methodology (Box-Behnken Design) optimized preparation conditions, ranking factor influence as pH ＞ Cr (Ⅵ) concentration ＞ contact time. The primary Cr (Ⅵ) removal mechanisms involved surface complexation, electrostatic interactions, and reduction. This study demonstrates the potential of Co-ZnF@WHB as an effective, sustainable, and eco-friendly material for Cr (Ⅵ) remediation from polluted water sources.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    The global impact of industrialisation and climate change on antimicrobial resistance: assessing the role of Eco‑AMR Zones

    Emmanuel Adedeji OyelayoTayo John TaiwoSamuel Oyeponle OyeludeJude Oluwapelumi Alao...
    625.1-625.13页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study examines the relationship between industrialisation, climate change, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene prevalence. Data analysis from the top 20 highly industrialised and the top 20 least industrialised nations revealed that industrial activities significantly contribute to global warming, with temperature increases of up to 2 ℃ observed in highly industrialised regions. These environmental changes influence the distribution and evolution of AMR genes, as rising temperatures can affect bacterial resistance in a manner similar to antibiotics. Through a bioinformatics approach, a marked disparity in AMR gene frequencies was observed between highly industrialised and less industrialised nations, with developed countries reporting higher frequencies due to extensive antibiotic use and advanced monitoring systems. ‘Eco-AMR Zones' is proposed as a solution to specialised areas by promoting sustainable industrial practices, enforcing pollution controls, and regulating antibiotic use to mitigate AMR's environmental and public health impacts. These zones, supported by collaboration across various sectors, offer a promising approach to preserving antibiotic effectiveness and reducing environmental degradation. The study emphasises the importance of integrated global strategies that address both the ecological and public health challenges posed by AMR, advocating for sustainable practices, international collaboration, and ongoing research to combat the evolving threats of climate change and antimicrobial resistance.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Mixtures of Gaussian processes for robotic environmental monitoring of emission sources

    Ivar-Kristian WaarumAlouette van HoveThomas Robekk KrogstadKai Olav Ellefsen...
    626.1-626.22页
    查看更多>>摘要：Emission of greenhouse gases such as methane and carbon dioxide is a known driver of atmospheric heating. Traditional and emerging industries need innovative solutions to comply with increasingly strict sustainability demands and document environmental impact. Mobile sensor platforms such as aerial or underwater vehicles with a high degree of autonomy present a cost-efficient option for environmental monitoring. Autonomous vehicles commonly use Gaussian processes (GPs) for online statistical modelling of concentrations of environmental features. Emission sources in the monitoring area introduce a complication, since the variance is likely heterogeneous between areas dominated by influx and areas with background concentrations. Mixtures of GPs have previously been demonstrated to be effective in such scenarios. Mixture methods distinguish between the natural background concentration and emission to improve model performance when predicting concentrations and variance at unsampled locations. The mixing of GP models allows for nonstationarity and anisotropy in the modelled spatial dynamics, which is desirable for emission modelling in environments with advective forces such as wind or water current. In this paper, we compare different approaches to spatial concentration modelling that accommodate heterogeneous dynamics, based on mixtures ofGPs.Distinction of background and emission is either data-driven or derived from domain knowledge. The predictive performance of different mixture methods is demonstrated on field measurements near emissions and compared in an online path planning context. We identify and discuss important trade-offs between data-driven and knowledge-based clustering of measurements. Results show that mixture methods give realistic variance estimates, suitable for online planning.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Infuence of urbanization on morphometrics and extent of sexual size dimorphism of the African common toad Sclerophrys regularis in the Accra Plains of Ghana

    Benjamin Yeboah OforiJohn Bosu MensahDaniel Korley Attuquayefo
    627.1-627.19页
    查看更多>>摘要：A thorough understanding of the effects of urbanization on wildlife is essential for designing effective strategies to conserve and manage wild animal populations in cities. Although the Afro-tropical region is experiencing rapid urbanization, the effect of this on wildlife in the region remains understudied. Here, we compared morphometric traits and extent of sexual size dimorphism of the African common toad Sclerophrys regularis among rural, suburban and urban areas in the Accra Plains of Ghana. We analyzed the morphometric data using univariate and multivariate statistics. Our data revealed that body mass and body condition, but not body size of toads varied significantly along the urbanization gradient. Urban and rural males were significantly heavier and had significantly higher body condition index value (in better condition) than their suburban counterparts, while urban females were significantly heavier and in better body condition than their suburban counterparts. The urban males and suburban females had significantly wider mouths than their rural conspecifics. We also found significant differences in head volume and length of limbs among sites, but the response direction varied with sex. Allometric analysis showed negative allometry in all the measured morphometrics with respect to SVL at all the sites for both sexes, except for suburban females, which showed positive allometry in most of the measured morphometrics. The toads exhibited female-biased sexual dimorphism (SSD) in SVL, body mass and head volume, with the extent of SSD being strongest for the suburban population. The variable responses of male and female S. regularis to urbanization could be due to phenotypic plasticity in its life history. Our findings highlight the potential role of individual-level response metrics in enhancing wildlife monitoring and conservation in cities.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature