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地球科学学刊（英文版）
地球科学学刊（英文版）

王亨君

双月刊

1674-487X

ejournal@cug.edu.cn

027-67885075 67885076

430074

武汉市洪山区鲁磨路388号

地球科学学刊（英文版）/Journal Journal of Earth ScienceCSCDCSTPCD北大核心SCI
查看更多>>本刊是教育部主管、中国地质大学主办的综合性地球科学学术理论刊物，是中国自然科学核心期刊，以反映我国地球科学领域最新的高水平的基础地质、应用地质、资源与环境地质及地学工程技术科研成果为主要任务，以促进国内外地学学术交流，繁荣我国地质教育、地质科技与地质找矿事业，为我国社会主义现代化建设服务为目的。读者对象为从事地质教育和科研工作的研究者以及大学生和研究生。
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    System Reliability Analysis of Reservoir Landslides:Insights from Long-Term Reservoir Operation

    Kang LiaoYiping WuFasheng Miao
    1583-1593页
    查看更多>>摘要：The reservoir operation awakens numerous landslides with multiple sliding surfaces known as reservoir landslides,and the systematic stability analysis for such landslides is becoming in-creasingly urgent.Taking the Majiagou landslide as an example,this paper analyses the comprehensive performance of the landslide from a probabilistic point of view.Under a reservoir operation cycle,a se-ries of numerical analyses are carried out to simulate the migration of the seepage field,then the dy-namic stability of the landslide is quantified accordingly.Subsequently,the wetting-drying cycles test is used to model the weakening of strength parameters in hydro-fluctuation belt under the long-term res-ervoir operation.Considering the weakening effect of long-term reservoir operation on the hydro-fluctuation belt,the system reliability is evaluated using the Ditlevsen's bounds.The results suggest that the reservoir operation can affect the stability of the landslide by changing the seepage field.The system failure probability gradually rises as the number of wetting-drying cycles increases.Compared with conventional probabilistic analysis that calculates the failure probability of each sliding surface mechanically,analyzing the landslide in terms of system reliability can effectively narrow the failure probability range,which provides an insightful idea for evaluating the systematic stability of analogous reservoir landslides.
      原文链接:
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    Experimental Study on Multistage Seismic Damage Process of Bedding Rock Slope:A Case Study of the Xinmo Landslide

    Jing-Jing TianTian-Tao LiXiang-Jun PeiJian Guo...
    1594-1612页
    查看更多>>摘要：In the early hours of June 24,2017,a major landslide event occurred in Xinmo Village,Sichuan Province,China.The landslide instantly devastated the whole village.Ten people died and 73 were missing in this major landslide event.The study area has suffered from several strong earth-quakes in the past 100 y.Present studies have reported that the cumulative damage effect of the Xinmo landslide induced by earthquake is obvious.In this study,we conducted a shaking table test based on the detailed geological survey,historical seismic data,satellite optical image,unmanned aerial vehicle photography.The test result presents the characteristics of multistage seismic damage and progressive deformation process of the Xinmo landslide model,and shows that the historical earthquakes have caused serious damage to the interior of rock mass in the source area.The test also shows that the cu-mulative damage of the model increases with an increase in duration of earthquake loading.When the excitation intensity increases to a certain value,the damage accumulation velocity of the model sudden-ly increases.It reveals that frequent historical earthquake loads can be regarded as a main reason for the damage and deterioration of landslide rock mass.Damage accumulation and superposition occur in the slope.Under a long-term gravity,deformation of the slope gradually increases until catastrophic fail-ure is triggered.The progressive deformation process of slope is summarized.Firstly,under strong earthquakes loading,a tensile fracture surface forms at the rear edge of the wavy deformation high and steep bedding slope.It reaches a certain critical depth and expands along the interlayer structural plane.Meantime,damaged fissures perpendicular to the structural plane also appear in the steep-gentle turning area of the slope.Secondly,under a coupling action of seismic loading and gravity,the interlami-nar tensile crack surface at the rear edge of the slope extends to depth continuously.Meanwhile,rock fracture occurs in the steep-gentle turning area.The"two-way damage propagation"mode of the inter-layer tensile crack surface occurs until the sliding surface is connected.However,due to the"locking sec-tion"effect of rock mass at the slope foot,it can still maintain a short-term stability.Thirdly,under the influences of the heavy rainfall before a landslide and the long-term gravity of the upper sliding mass,rock mass in the steep section at the slope foot breaks outward.Finally,a catastrophic landslide occurs.
      原文链接:
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    Initiation and Kinematic Process of Debris Flow with the Existence of Terraced Fields at the Sources

    Liang YangYang WangKang LiaoLongfei Zhang...
    1613-1625页
    查看更多>>摘要：A debris flow,with terraced fields as the source area,broke out on June 25th,2018 in the Xiaotuga area of Yunnan Province,China,and this kind of debris flow is rarely recorded.Two purpos-es in this study:(1)the influence of flow drag force on slope stability;(2)back-analyze the movement process of debris flow.First,the geological background and movement of this debris flow were de-scribed based on a field investigation.Then,drag force,calculated by the laminar flow theory,is added to the slope stability calculation model,which elaborates the initiation process of this disaster.More-over,dynamic simulation software(DAN3D)was used to simulate the kinematic process of the debris flow with a variety of combination models.The study shows that the terrace area can quickly produce surface runoff and create a drag force under rainfall conditions,which is the essential reason for the initiation of debris flow.In addition,the use of the FVV(Frictional-Voellmy-Voellmy)model is found to provide the best performance in simulating this type of debris flow,which reveals that it lasts approxi-mately 200 s and that the maximum velocity is 12 m/s.
      原文链接:
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    Effects of the Tensile and Shear Properties of Bolts on the Shear Properties of Bolted Rock Joints

    Chenlu WangLuobin ZhengLiangqing WangLinfeng Zhu...
    1626-1639页
    查看更多>>摘要：The mechanical properties of bolts are important factors affecting the shear behavior of bolted joints.In this study,tensile and pure shear tests were conducted on five kinds of bolts made from different materials to measure their tensile and shear parameters.Direct shear tests were conduct-ed to analyze the effects of tensile and shear strength parameters on the shear behavior of bolted joints.The test results showed that the mechanical properties of bolts made from different materials were clearly different and that these differences mainly affected the plastic deformation stage of the bolted joints.The larger the bolt elongation was,the larger the joint shear displacement at bolt failure.The tensile and shear strengths of the bolts were positively correlated with the shear strength of the bolted joints.According to the standard regression analysis,the bolt shear strength had a greater influence than the bolt tensile strength on the bolt contributions when the bolts were perpendicular to the joint surface.Based on the empirical equation for the bolt contribution proposed by Spang,the maximum shear loads in the pure shear test were introduced,and a new equation was established to predict the contributions of bolts.The prediction results obtained using the modified equation were in good agree-ment with the experimental results.
      原文链接:
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    Analysis of the Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Winter Surface Urban Heat Island:A Case Study in Beijing,China

    Shanshan LuFujiang LiuYunshuang YeJiayu Tang...
    1640-1653页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study reveals the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the winter night-time urban heat island(UHI)effect in the case of Beijing,China.The land surface temperature(LST)is retrieved by radiative transfer equation by using the remote sensing data from Landsat ETM+/OLI TIRS from 2007 to 2017 for the winter nighttime period,and LST is then divided by the mean-standard deviation method into different levels of thermal landscapes.A combination of the migration calculation of gravity center and multi-directional profile analysis is used to study the directional differ-entiation characteristics of LST and the migratory characteristics of the gravity center of UHI.Finally,the overall temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of winter nighttime surface urban heat island(SUHI)in Beijing are studied,and the possible reasons for the changes are discussed.Results show that Beijing's UHI effect first increased and subsequently decreased from 2007 to 2017.The winter heat is-land in the urban area developed from low-density agglomeration to high-density agglomeration to low-density diffusion.Additionally,the high-level thermal landscapes migrated to the southwest along with the city center of gravity,and the expansion rate is fastest in the southwest,which is directly linked to the changes in the urban construction land.Moreover,the overall spatial distribution of winter night-time LST is high in the east and south and low in the west and north,and is influenced by topography,land cover,urbanization,anthropogenic heat,and other factors as well.
      原文链接:
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    Geological and Morphological Features of the Karap?nar Sinkholes(Konya,Central Anatolia,Türkiye)

    Ya?ar Eren?eyda ParlarBerkant Co?kuner?ükrü Arslan...
    1654-1668页
    查看更多>>摘要：Karapınar region(Konya,Türkiye)is one of the important regions of the world in terms of sinkhole formations.The research aimed to map the sinkholes in detail,to determine their spatial distribution and geometrical parameters.For this purpose,the long axes,short axes,depths and the proximity to settlements of the sinkholes were measured and their circumferences and areas were calcu-lated.During the studies,the relationship of the sinkholes with lithology,their cross sections,shapes and the related structures were determined and the sinkholes were divided into five main groups as fol-lowing:Basement rock sinkholes,Obruk Plateau sinkholes,Seyithacı sinkholes,Siyeklik sinkholes and Basin sinkholes.The d/l ratios of each sinkhole group were separately determined and interpreted.Ac-cordingly,most of the d/l ratios are smaller than 0.2.Namely,the long axes are higher than the depth and it indicates that the shallow and wide sinkholes are common in the region.It has been determined that the fracture systems in the region,as well as the lithology and groundwater factors,are quite effec-tive in the formation and distribution of the sinkholes in the Karapınar region.Considering the dis-tance of the sinkholes to the settlements,Seyithacı sinkholes are the most risky group in the region be-cause they are deep and close to the settlements.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
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    Evolution of the Mangrove Wetland since the Holocene:Current Progress and Future Perspectives

    Xueyan YanXianzhong KeQinghua LiYiqun Gan...
    1669-1678页
    查看更多>>摘要：Mangrove wetlands are among the four most productive tropical and subtropical ecosys-tems.They are also a core component of the coastal blue carbon ecosystem,which is of great ecological significance to human beings,plants,animals,and the global carbon balance.There has been a global decrease in the distribution of mangrove forests,and their ecological function has gradually degenerat-ed since the Holocene.Sediment from coastal mangrove wetlands can provide records of climate change and human activities,and multiple proxies including palynology,leaf fossil,biomarkers,DNA,phytolith and stable isotopes,can be used to reconstruct the evolutionary stages of paleo-mangroves and to identi-fy the effect of natural processes and human activities on the distribution and evolution of mangroves.This information can provide theoretical support for mangrove protection and for improving carbon se-questration capacity.This paper summarizes and compares the multiple proxies for mangrove recon-struction,reviews progress in the study of natural succession of global mangroves since the Holocene,expands on the influence mechanisms of human activities on mangrove growth and development and us-es past information to lay a foundation for a model to predict future mangrove development.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
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    Monitoring Multi-Temporal Changes of Lakes on the Tibetan Plateau Using Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data from 1992 to 2019:A Case Study of Lake Zhari Namco

    Juan WuChang-Qing KeYu CaiZheng Duan...
    1679-1691页
    查看更多>>摘要：Lake level,area and volume are sensitive indicators of climate change.At present,many studies have focused on the interannual water balance of lakes,but lake level and area can change re-markably with seasons,especially for lakes with seasonal ice cover.Zhari Namco,a seasonal frozen lake,was selected as an example to investigate its seasonal water balance.Multi-source altimetry and Landsat data were used to obtain the seasonal lake level and area from 1992 to 2019,and seasonal lake volume variations were also estimated.The results indicated the average lake level,area and volume in autumn were the largest.The lake level,area,and volume experienced three turning points approxi-mately in 2000,2010,and 2016,and showed an overall increasing trend from 1992 to 2019,with slopes of 0.15 m/year,2.17 km2/year,and 0.14 km3/year,respectively.The lake area expanded significantly in autumn,which was related to the abundant precipitation.Delay time of land surface runoff,increased temperature,and evaporation may be the reason for the low lake level and volume in summer.The pre-cipitation was the dominant factor of water balance,which explained 62.09% ,62.43% ,and 62.10% of the variations in lake level,area,and volume,respectively.
      原文链接:
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    Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Dominating Groundwater Mineralization and Hydrochemical Evolution in Gao,Northern Mali

    Adiaratou TraoreXumei MaoAlhousseyni TraoreYahaya Yakubu...
    1692-1703页
    查看更多>>摘要：Population growth and expanding urbanization have caused persistent shortages and contamination of groundwater resources in Mali,Africa.The increase in groundwater salinity makes it more difficult for residents to obtain drinking water,it is necessary to clarify the causes and control fac-tors of groundwater mineralization in Gao region,northern Mali.Based on the analysis of the hydro-chemical composition of groundwater in 24 boreholes,Piper and Schöeller diagrams,principal compo-nent analysis(PCA)and hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)are used to carry out multivariate statisti-cal analysis on the main ions.The results show that the groundwater samples are weakly alkaline,with pH values ranging from 5.83 to 8.40,and the average values of boreholes are 7.50,respectively.The av-erage electrical conductivity(EC)value is 354.4(µS/cm),and the extreme value is between 124.0 and 1 247(µS/cm).Water is usually mineralized and presents nine types of water phase.The three principal components explain 84.42% of the total variance for 13 parameters.The factor F1(58.85% ),the factor F2(16.88% )and the factor F3(8.69% )present for the majority of the total data set.In addition,multi-variate statistical analysis confirmed the genetic relationship among aquifers and identified three main clusters.Clustering related to groundwater mineralization(F1),clustering related to oxide reduction and iron enrichment(F2),and clustering of groundwater pollution caused by nitrate and magnesium(F3).We found that agriculture,weathering activities and dissolution of geological materials promote the mineralization of groundwater.Groundwater quality in the Gao region is becoming less and less po-table because of increasing salinity.
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    Fe-Ti Oxide Mineralization in the XV Intrusion,Bafq Mining District,Central Iran:Insights from Mineralogy,Mineral Chemistry and S Isotopic Data

    Sakine AmraeiMajid Ghasemi SianiMohammad YazdiLiang Qiu...
    1704-1719页
    查看更多>>摘要：The mafic-ultramafic intrusion in the XV anomaly area,contains magmatic Fe-Ti ox-ides±(p)ore,is located in the Bafq mining district in the Central Iran.It consists of cumulate and lay-ered Fe-Ti-bearing gabbros and pyroxenites.The mineral assemblages include clinopyroxene,Fe-Ti oxides,plagioclase,amphibole,apatite and sulfides(pyrite and chalcopyrite).The Fe-Ti oxides mainly consist of magnetite-titanomagnetite and ilmenite,which occurred as disseminated,intergrowth,la-mellae(trellis and sandwich textures)and inclusions.Magnetite in the gabbroic rocks is from the near end-member of Fe3O4(<1 wt.% TiO2)to titanomagnetite containing up to 8 wt.% TiO2(about 3.73 wt.% to 26.84 wt.% Ulvospinel(XUsp)).Magnetite in pyroxenite rocks is characterized with TiO2 range from 0.46 wt.% to 3.14 wt.% (XUsp varied from 1.76 wt.% to 10.46 wt.% ).The abundances of V2O3 range from 0.03 wt.% to 1.29 wt.% and 0.24 wt.% to 1.00 wt.% for gabbro and pyroxenite,re-spectively.XUsp contents of magnetite show insignificant correlations with Al2O3 and MgO.The aver-age XIlm in the ilmenite of gabbro is 92% ,whereas it is 90.37% in the pyroxenite rocks.The MgO and V2O3 contents show a slightly positive correlation with TiO2 in ilmenite.The composition of clinopy-roxenes in gabbro and pyroxenite rocks fall in the diopside to augite field with Mg#ranging from 67 to 98 and 74 to 96,respectively.In both rock types,amphiboles are mainly pargasite and rarely actin-olite.Plagioclase in pyroxenite rocks is clustered in the labradorite to andesine fields with a composi-tional ranges of An46-69 and in gabboic rocks fall in two fields with compositional ranges of albite with An0.65-5.95 and labradorite with An50-63.The δ 34S isotopic values cover a limited range from+3.15‰ to+4.10‰ V-CDT consistent with magmatic origin.Fe-Ti mineralization is formed in two stages,minor inclusions of Fe-Ti oxide minerals in the pyroxene and plagioclase crystallized in the early magmatic stage,whereas interstitial oxides formed by fractional crystallization processes that accumulated by gravitational settling in the later stage as intercumulus phase.Gravitational settling process is support-ed by the observation of decreasing the amount of Fe-Ti oxides from Fe-Ti oxide-rich pyroxenite to weak mineralized gabbro(base to top).The high contents of H2O,phosphorate and high initial Ti-Fe in parental magma are the crucial factors controlling the Fe-Ti oxides enrichment and mineralization.
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