期刊,动物学报（英文版） 2022年卷3期_国家学术搜索

期刊信息/Journal information

动物学报（英文版）

主　　编：王祖望

出版周期：双月刊

国际刊号：1674-5507

电子邮箱：zool@ioz.ac.cn

电　　话：010-64807091

邮政编码：100101

地　　址：北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院中国科学院动物所

动物学报（英文版）/Journal Current ZoologyCSCD北大核心CSTPCDSCI

查看更多>>本刊是由中国科学院动物研究所、中国动物学会主办的动物学综合性学术期刊。刊登生态学（含各分支）和行为学、动物地理学、进化生物学、动物的生殖、发育和衰老、生理学和生物化学、细胞学、遗传学和分子生物学以及动物形态学等方面有创造性的研究论文。被《中国科学文献数据库》、《中国科学引文索引》、《剑桥科学文摘》、《生殖文献目录》、《WHO医学公报》等国内外多家检索系统收录。

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Geometric morphometrics of mandibles for dietary differentiation of Bovidae(Mammalia:Artiodactyla)

Bian WANGMiriam ZELDITCHCatherine BADGLEY

237-249页

查看更多>>摘要：The mammalian family Bovidae has been widely studied in ecomorphological research,with important applications to paleoecological and paleohabitat reconstructions.Most studies of bovid craniomandibular features in relation to diet have used linear measurements.In this study,we con-duct landmark-based geometric-morphometric analyses to evaluate whether different dietary groups can be distinguished by mandibular morphology.Our analysis includes data for 100 species of extant bovids,covering all bovid tribes and 2 dietary classifications.For the first classifi-cation with 3 feeding categories,we found that browsers(including frugivores),mixed feeders,and grazers are moderately well separated using mandibular shape.A finer dietary classification(frugivore,browser,browser-grazer intermediate,generalist,variable grazer,and obligate grazer)proved to be more useful for differentiating dietary extremes(frugivores and obligate grazers)but performed equally or less well for other groups.Notably,frugivorous bovids,which belong in tribe Cephalophini,have a distinct mandibular shape that is readily distinguished from all other dietary groups,yielding a 100％correct classification rate from jackknife cross-validation.The main differ-ences in mandibular shape found among dietary groups are related to the functional needs of species during forage prehension and mastication.Compared with browsers,both frugivores and grazers have mandibles that are adapted for higher biomechanical demand of chewing.Additionally,frugivore mandibles are adapted for selective cropping.Our results call for more work on the feeding ecology and functional morphology of frugivores and offer an approach for reconstructing the diet of extinct bovids.

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Keeping an ear out:size relationship of the tympanic bullae and pinnae in bandicoots and bilbies(Marsupialia:Peramelemorphia)

Melissa C.TAYLORKenny J.TRAVOUILLONMargaret E.ANDREWPatricia A.FLEMING...

251-264页

查看更多>>摘要：Bandicoots and bilbies(Order Peramelemorphia)occupy a broad range of habitats across Australia and New Guinea,from open,arid deserts to dense forests.This once diverse group has been par-ticularly vulnerable to habitat loss and introduced eutherian predators,and numerous species extinctions and range retractions have occurred.Understanding reasons for this loss requires greater understanding of their biology.Morphology of the pinnae and tympanic bullae varies mark-edly among species.As hearing is important for both predator avoidance and prey location,the variability in ear morphology could reflect specialization and adaptation to specific environments,and therefore be of conservation relevance.We measured 798 museum specimens representing 29 species of Peramelemorphia.Controlling for phylogenetic relatedness and head length,pinna surface area was weakly negatively correlated with average precipitation(rainfall being our surro-gate measure of vegetation productivity/complexity),and there were no environmental correlates with effective diameter(pinna width).Controlling for phylogenetic relatedness and skull length,tympanic bulla volume was negatively correlated with precipitation.Species that inhabited drier habitats,which would be open and allow sound to carry further with less obstruction,had relatively larger pinnae and tympanic bullae.In contrast,species from higher rainfall habitats,where sounds would be attenuated and diffused by dense vegetation,had the smallest pinnae and bullae,sug-gesting that low-frequency hearing is not as important in these habitats.Associations with tem-perature did not reach statistical significance.These findings highlight linkages between hearing traits and habitat that can inform conservation and management strategies for threatened species.

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Dispersal patterns in Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys

Wancai XIAFan WANGDali WANGXiaoqin ZENG...

265-273页

查看更多>>摘要：Sex-biased dispersal is common in group-living animals.Due to differences in local demographic and environmental factors,sex-biased dispersal presents many irregular patterns.In this study,a habituated,individually identified Yunnan snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus bieti group was observed over 9years;192 dispersal events,including 97 male dispersal events(25 natal dispersal and 72 secondary dispersal)and 95 female dispersal events(34 natal dispersal and 61 secondary dispersal)were observed.Males and females showed different dispersal paths,dispersal ages,and dispersal patterns.Females had 2 dispersal paths,whereas males had 4 paths.In terms of age of dispersal,the male age of natal dispersal was younger than for females.Males prefer single disper-sal,whereas females prefer parallel dispersal.Our study indicates that the dispersal pattern of R.bieti should be classified as a bisexual dispersal pattern.The differences in dispersal path,aver-age age at dispersal,and dispersal path pattern indicate that Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys may still retain a loose matrilineal social system.

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Reconstructing landscapes of ungulate parturition and predation using vegetation phenology

Paige VAN DE VUURSTSeth A.MOOREEdmund J.ISAACYvette CHENAUX-IBRAHIM...

275-283页

查看更多>>摘要：Enhanced vegetation index(EVI)data can be used to identify and define the space in which ungu-lates practice parturition and encounter predation.This study explores the use of EVI data to iden-tify landscapes linked to ungulate parturition and predation events across space,time,and environ-mental conditions.As a case study,we used the moose population(Alces alces)of northern Minnesota in the USA.Using remotely sensed EVI data rasters and global positioning system collar data,we quantified how vegetation phenology and moose movement shaped the births and preda-tion of 52 moose calves from 2013 to 2020 on or adjacent to the Grand Portage Indian Reservation.The known sources of predation were American black bears(Ursus americanus,n=22)and gray wolves(Canis Iupus,n=28).Satellite-derived data summarizing seasonal landscape features at the local level revealed that landscape heterogeneity use by moose can help to quantitatively identify landscapes of parturition and predation in space and time across large areas.Vegetation phen-ology proved to be differentiable between adult moose ranges,sites of cow parturition,and sites of calf predation.Landscape characteristics of each moose group were consistent and tractable based on environment,suggesting that sites of parturition and predation of moose are predictable in space and time.It is possible that moose selected specific landscapes for parturition despite risk of increased predation of their calves,which could be an example of an"ecological trap."This analyt-ical framework can be employed to identify areas for future ungulate research on the impacts of landscape on parturition and predation dynamics.

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Biological and extrinsic correlates of extinction risk in Chinese lizards

Yuxi ZHONGChuanwu CHENYanping WANG

285-293页

查看更多>>摘要：China is a country with one of the most species-rich reptile faunas in the world.However,nearly a quarter of Chinese lizard species assessed by the China Biodiversity Red List are threatened.Nevertheless,to date,no study has explicitly examined the pattern and processes of extinction and threat in Chinese lizards.In this study,we conducted the first comparative phylogenetic analysis of extinction risk in Chinese lizards.We addressed the following 3 questions:(1)What is the pattern of extinction and threat in Chinese lizards?(2)Which species traits and extrinsic factors are related to their extinction risk?(3)How can we protect Chinese lizards based on our results?We collected data on 10 species traits(body size[BS],clutch size,geographic range size,activity time,reproduct-ive mode,habitat specialization[HS],habitat use,leg development,maximum elevation,and eleva-tion range)and 7 extrinsic factors(mean annual precipitation(MAP),mean annual temperature,mean annual solar insolation,normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),human footprint,human population density,and human exploitation).After phylogenetic correction,these variables were used separately and in combination to assess their associations with extinction risk.We found that Chinese lizards with a small geographic range,large BS,high HS,and living in high MAP areas were vulnerable to extinction.Conservation priority should thus be given to species with the above extinction-prone traits so as to effectively protect Chinese lizards.Preventing future habitat destruction should also be a primary focus of management efforts because species with small range size and high HS are particularly vulnerable to habitat loss.

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Collapse of the endemic lizard Podarcis pityusensis on the island of Ibiza mediated by an invasive snake

Elba MONTESFred KRAUSBrahim CHERGUIJuan M.PLEGUEZUELOS...

295-303页

查看更多>>摘要：The invasive snake Hemorrhois hippocrepis colonized the island of Ibiza(Balearic Islands)in 2003 as stowaways inside trunks of olive trees imported for gardening.It has quickly spread since 2010,posing a threat to the island's only remaining endemic vertebrate,the Ibiza wall lizard Podarcis pityusensis.We map the yearly expansion rate of the snake and estimate via transect surveys how severely it affects the distribution and abundance of the endemic lizard.As well,we surveyed 9 of 30 small lizard populations on islets surrounding Ibiza that have been isolated since the Last Glacial Maximum.Snakes had invaded 49％of Ibiza's land area by 2018,and censuses show a crit-ical contrast in lizard abundance between areas with and without snakes;almost all censuses in areas without snakes show lizard presence whereas nearly all censuses in areas with H.hippocre-pis lack lizard sightings.Moreover,at least one subspecies previously thriving on one of the off-shore islets has become extinct,and there have been several snakes recorded swimming between Ibiza and the surrounding islets.Therefore,lizard populations have been dramatically reduced or have vanished within the range of the snake,and our results quantitatively support upgrading this species'threat level for extinction.This study can inform to programs to manage invasive snake populations and to conservation actions to recover the endemic lizard.

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Empirical studies of escape behavior find mixed support for the race for life model

Kwasi WRENSFORDJahaziel GUTIERREZWilliam E.COOPER JRDaniel T.BLUMSTEIN...

305-313页

查看更多>>摘要：Escape theory has been exceptionally successful in conceptualizing and accurately predicting effects of numerous factors that affect predation risk and explaining variation in flight initiation distance(FID;predator-prey distance when escape begins).Less explored is the relative orientation of an approaching predator,prey,and its eventual refuge.The relationship between an approaching threat and its refuge can be expressed as an angle we call the"interpath angle"or"Φ,"which describes the angle between the paths of predator and prey to the prey's refuge and thus expresses the degree to which prey must run toward an approaching predator.In general,we might expect that prey would escape at greater distances if they must flee toward a predator to reach its burrow.The"race for life"model makes formal predictions about how Φ should affect FID.We evaluated the model by studying escape decisions in yellow-bellied marmots Marmota flaviventer,a species which flees to burrows.We found support for some of the model's predictions,yet the relationship between Φ and FID was less clear.Marmots may not assess Φ in a continuous fashion;but we found that binning angle into 4 45° bins explained a similar amount of variation as models that analyzed angle continu-ously.Future studies of Φ,especially those that focus on how different species perceive relative orientation,will likely enhance our understanding of its importance in flight decisions.

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Are cognition and personality related in budgerigars?

Jiani CHENLu CHENChuan YANZibo YU...

315-323页

查看更多>>摘要：In recent years,researchers have been attempting to relate differences in personality(e.g.,bold-ness,aggressiveness,exploration tendency)to variation in cognition(performances in tasks that require learning,reasoning,attention,or memory,etc.)both theoretically and empirically.However,it is unclear on what basis personality and cognition might be associated with each other.Previous theory suggests a connection between fast-slow personality types and cognitive speed-accuracy tradeoffs.In this study,we tested this hypothesis in budgerigars and found that,in their 1st associative learning,birds with fast personality(less fearful of handling stress)were fast learn-ers in the beginning,while slow personality individuals improved faster,but both types of birds did not differ in accuracy.However,these relationships were context-dependent.No significant rela-tionship was found in subsequent learning tasks(reversal learning and a 2nd associative learning)in the familiar context(task setup and apparatus similar to the 1st associative learning).We then conducted a problem-solving experiment with novel setup and apparatus to test 1 possible explan-ation that the association between personality and cognition in the 1st associative learning might be caused by noncognitive constraint,such as fearfulness when facing novel task setup and appar-atus.We found that fast individuals interacted more with the problem box and solved it,whereas the slow birds were not.We suggest that personalities can influence cognitive performances and trigger a cognitive speed-improvement tradeoff under the novel context.However,there are no consistent cognitive styles that co-varied with different personalities.

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Masquerading predators deceive prey by aggressively mimicking bird droppings in a crab spider

Long YUXin XUZengtao ZHANGChristina J.PAINTING...

325-334页

查看更多>>摘要：In aggressive mimicry,a predator accesses prey by mimicking the appearance and/or behavior of a harmless or beneficial model in order to avoid being correctly identified by its prey.The crab spider genus Phrynarachne is often cited as a textbook example of masquerading as bird droppings(BDs)in order to avoid predation.However,Phrynarachne spiders may also aggressively mimic BDs in order to deceive potential prey.To date,there is no experimental evidence to support aggressive mimicry in masquerading crab spiders;therefore,we performed a field survey,a manipulative field experiment,and visual modeling to test this hypothesis using Phrynarachne ceylonica.We com-pared prey-attraction rates among BDs,spiders,and control empty leaves in the field.We found that although all prey combined and agromyzid dipterans,in particular,were attracted to BDs at a higher rate than to spiders,other dipterans and hymenopterans were attracted to BDs at a similar rate as to spiders.Both spiders and BDs attracted insects at a significantly higher rate than did con-trol leaves.As predicted,prey was attracted to experimentally blackened or whitened spiders sig-nificantly less frequently than to unmanipulated spiders.Finally,visual modeling suggested that spiders and BDs can be detected by dipterans and hymenopterans against background leaves,but they are indistinguishable from each other.Taken together,our results suggest that insects lured by spiders may misidentify them as BDs,and bird-dropping masquerading may serve as aggres-sive mimicry in addition to predator avoidance in P.ceylonica.

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Early social context does not influence behavioral variation at adulthood in ants

Iago SANMARTíN-VILLARRapha?l JEANSON

335-344页

查看更多>>摘要：Early experience can prepare offspring to adapt their behaviors to the environment they are likely to encounter later in life.In several species of ants,colonies show ontogenic changes in the brood-to-worker ratio that are known to have an impact on worker morphology.However,little in-formation is available on the influence of fluctuations in the early social context on the expression of behavior in adulthood.Using the ant Lasius niger,we tested whether the brood-to-worker ratio during larval stages influenced the level of behavioral variability at adult stages.We raised batches of 20 or 180 larvae in the presence of 60 workers until adulthood.We then quantified the activity level and wall-following tendency of callow workers on 10 successive trials to test the prediction that larvae reared under a high brood-to-worker ratio should show greater behavioral variations.We found that manipulation of the brood-to-worker ratio influenced the duration of development and the size of individuals at emergence.We detected no influence of early social context on the level of between-or within-individual variation measured for individual activity level or on wall-following behavior.Our study suggests that behavioral traits may be more canalized than morphological traits.

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