查看更多>>摘要：We investigated the effects of heat stress on the responsiveness to vibrational cues,our measure of perceptual ability,in Myrmeleon bore antiion larvae(Neuroptera:Myrmeleontidae).We reared these trap-building predatory larvae under 2 heat stress regimes(mild,30℃,and harsh,36℃),and after they progressed from one instar stage to another,we tested their perceptual ability in common unchallenging conditions.We hypothesized that exposure to the harsh heat stress re-gime would impose costs resulting in handicapped vibration responsiveness.We found that the harsh heat stress regime generated more stressful conditions for the larvae,as evidenced by increased mortality and postponed molting,and the loss of body mass among larger larvae.Furthermore,among the individuals who remained alive,those originating from the harsh heat stress regime were characterized by higher vibration responsiveness.Our results suggest 2 not mutually exclusive scenarios.Costly heat stress conditions can sieve out individuals characterized by poor perceptual ability or surviving individuals can attempt to hunt more efficiently to compen-sate for the physiological imbalance caused by heat stress.Both of these mechanisms fit into the ongoing debate over how adaptation and plasticity contribute to shaping insect communities exposed to heat stress.
查看更多>>摘要：Proteomic analysis was carried out on the Crab(upper-shore)and Wave(lower-shore)ecotypes of Littorina saxatilis from a hybrid zone at Silleiro Cape,Spain.Proteome profiles of individual snails were obtained.Protein expression in F1 hybrid snails bred in the laboratory and snails with inter-mediate shell phenotypes collected from the mid-shore were compared with Crab and Wave eco-types using analytical approaches used to study dominance.Multivariate analysis over many protein spots showed that the F1 snails are distinct from both ecotypes but closer to the Wave ecotype.The intermediate snails are highly variable,some closer to the Crab and others to the Wave ecotype.Considered on a protein by protein basis,some proteins are significantly closer in expression to the Crab and others to the Wave ecotype for both F1 and intermediate snails.Furthermore,a significant majority of proteins were closer in expression to the Wave ecotype for the F1,consistent with the multivariate analysis.No such significant majority toward either the Crab or Wave ecotype was observed for the intermediate snails.The closer similarity of F1 and Wave ecotype expression pat-terns could be the result of similar selective pressures in the similar mid-shore and low-shore envi-ronments.For a significantly larger number of proteins,intermediate snails were closer in expression to the ecotype having the lower expression,for both Crab and Wave ecotypes.This is somewhat un-expected as lower expression might be expected to be an indication of impairment of function and lower fitness.Proteomic analysis could be important for the identification of candidate proteins use-ful for gaining improved understanding of adaptation and barriers to gene flow in hybrid zones.
查看更多>>摘要：Hematological parameters can provide key information to an animal health status.However,this information is usually hard to obtain.Here,we described the hematological parameters of Leptodactylus podicipinus in the Brazilian Pantanal.We measured red blood cell morphometrics,erythrogram,and leukogram.We also tested for phylogenetic signal in the erythrogram and leuko-gram of 48 frog species from 15 families,testing if body size explains their variation.Lymphocytes were the most abundant leukocytes(＞60％)in L.podicipinus,followed by neutrophils(10％).Given that L.podicipinus is an abundant and widely distributed species in central Brazil,knowing its hematological pattern can help establish a baseline and improve its use as a bioindicator of envir-onmental degradation.Mean corpuscular hemoglobin and value contributed more to the phylo-morphospace of erythrogram,in which Leptodactylus spp.and Hypsiboas raniceps had lower val-ues of these variables,whereas Bufotes viridis and Hyla arborea had high values.The phylogenetic signal was spread throughout the dimensions of the leukogram phylomorphospace.The variables that most contributed to it were total leukocytes counts,lymphocytes,and neutrophils.We also found a moderate phylogenetic signal for both the erythrogram and leukogram.Accordingly,body size accounted for a low proportion of variation in both the leukogram(4.7％)and erythrogram(0.57％).By applying phylogenetic comparative methods to hematological parameters,our results add a new perspective on the evolution of blood cell physiology in frogs.
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