Antonio MolinaLucía JordáMiguel ángel TorresMarina Martín-Dacal...
699-724页
查看更多>>摘要：Beyond their function as structural barriers,plant cell walls are essential elements for the adaptation of plants to environmental conditions.Cell walls are dynamic structures whose composition and integrity can be altered in response to environmental challenges and developmental cues.These wall changes are perceived by plant sensors/receptors to trigger adaptative responses during development and upon stress perception.Plant cell wall damage caused by pathogen infection,wounding,or other stresses leads to the release of wall molecules,such as carbohydrates(glycans),that function as damage-associated mo-lecular patterns(DAMPs).DAMPs are perceived by the extracellular ectodomains(ECDs)of pattern recog-nition receptors(PRRs)to activate pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)and disease resistance.Similarly,gly-cans released from the walls and extracellular layers of microorganisms interacting with plants are recognized as microbe-associated molecular patterns(MAMPs)by specific ECD-PRRs triggering PTI re-sponses.The number of oligosaccharides DAMPs/MAMPs identified that are perceived by plants has increased in recent years.However,the structural mechanisms underlying glycan recognition by plant PRRs remain limited.Currently,this knowledge is mainly focused on receptors of the LysM-PRR family,which are involved in the perception of various molecules,such as chitooligosaccharides from fungi and lipo-chitooligosaccharides(i.e.,Nod/MYC factors from bacteria and mycorrhiza,respectively)that trigger differential physiological responses.Nevertheless,additional families of plant PRRs have recently been implicated in oligosaccharide/polysaccharide recognition.These include receptor kinases(RKs)with leucine-rich repeat and Malectin domains in their ECDs(LRR-MAL RKs),Catharanthus roseus RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1-LIKE group(CrRLK1L)with Malectin-like domains in their ECDs,as well as wall-associated kinases,lectin-RKs,and LRR-extensins.The characterization of structural basis of gly-cans recognition by these new plant receptors will shed light on their similarities with those of mammalians involved in glycan perception.The gained knowledge holds the potential to facilitate the development of sustainable,glycan-based crop protection solutions.
查看更多>>摘要：Understanding the underlying mechanisms and links between genome evolution and adaptive innovations stands as a key goal in evolutionary studies.Poplars,among the world's most widely distributed and culti-vated trees,exhibit extensive phenotypic diversity and environmental adaptability.In this study,we present a genus-level super-pangenome comprising 19 Populus genomes,revealing the likely pivotal role of private genes in facilitating local environmental and climate adaptation.Through the integration of pangenomes with transcriptomes,methylomes,and chromatin accessibility mapping,we unveil that the evolutionary trajectories of pangenes and duplicated genes are closely linked to local genomic landscapes of regulatory and epigenetic architectures,notably CG methylation in gene-body regions.Further comparative genomic analyses have enabled the identification of 142 202 structural variants across species that intersect with a significant number of genes and contribute substantially to both phenotypic and adaptive divergence.We have experimentally validated a～180-bp presence/absence variant affecting the expression of the CUC2 gene,crucial for leaf serration formation.Finally,we developed a user-friendly web-based tool encompass-ing the multi-omics resources associated with the Populus super-pangenome(http://www.populus-superpangenome.com).Together,the present pioneering super-pangenome resource in forest trees not only aids in the advancement of breeding efforts of this globally important tree genus but also offers valu-able insights into potential avenues for comprehending tree biology.
David R.NelsonAlexandra MystikouAshish JaiswalCecilia Rad-Menendez...
747-771页
查看更多>>摘要：Macroalgae are multicellular,aquatic autotrophs that play vital roles in global climate maintenance and have diverse applications in biotechnology and eco-engineering,which are directly linked to their multicel-lularity phenotypes.However,their genomic diversity and the evolutionary mechanisms underlying multi-cellularity in these organisms remain uncharacterized.In this study,we sequenced 110 macroalgal genomes from diverse climates and phyla,and identified key genomic features that distinguish them from their microalgal relatives.Genes for cell adhesion,extracellular matrix formation,cell polarity,trans-port,and cell differentiation distinguish macroalgae from microalgae across all three major phyla,consti-tuting conserved and unique gene sets supporting multicellular processes.Adhesome genes show phylum-and climate-specific expansions that may facilitate niche adaptation.Collectively,our study re-veals genetic determinants of convergent and divergent evolutionary trajectories that have shaped morphological diversity in macroalgae and provides genome-wide frameworks to understand photosyn-thetic multicellular evolution in aquatic environments.
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