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工程（英文）

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2095-8099

工程（英文）/Journal EngineeringCSTPCDCSCD北大核心SCI
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    New Insights into Microplastic Contamination in Different Types of Leachates:Abundances,Characteristics,and Potential Sources

    Lei ZhangWentao ZhaoLiang ZhangZhenxiao Cai...
    62-68页
    查看更多>>摘要：Municipal solid waste(MSW)is an important destination for abandoned plastics.During the waste dis-posal process,large plastic debris is broken down into microplastics(MPs)and released into the leachate.However,current research only focuses on landfill leachates,and the occurrence of MPs in other lea-chates has not been studied.Therefore,herein,the abundance and characteristics of MPs in three types of leachates,namely,landfill leachate,residual waste leachate,and household food waste leachate,were studied,all leachates were collected from the largest waste disposal center in China.The results showed that the average MP abundances in the different types of leachates ranged from(129±54)to(1288±184)MP particles per liter(particles·L-1)and the household food waste leachate exhibited the highest MP abundance(p＜0.05).Polyethylene(PE)and fragments were the dominant polymer type and shape in MPs,respectively.The characteristic polymer types of MPs in individual leachates were dif-ferent.Furthermore,the conditional fragmentation model indicated that the landfilling process consider-ably affected the size distribution of MPs in leachates,leading to a higher percentage(＞80％)of small MPs(20-100 pm)in landfill leachates compared to other leachates.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first study discussing the sources of MPs in different leachates,which is important for MP pollution con-trol during MSW disposal.
      原文链接:
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    Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Microplastics in Snow in the Inner Mongolia Plateau,China

    Hongwei YuJunrong ShaoHuawei JiaDiga Gang...
    69-77页
    查看更多>>摘要：Microplastics(MPs;＜5 mm)have become one of the most prominent global environmental pollution problems.MPs can spread to high altitudes through atmospheric transport and can be deposited by rain-fall or snowfall,potentially threatening the structure and function of natural ecosystems.MPs in terres-trial and aquatic ecosystems alter the growth and functional characteristics of organisms.However,little attention has been given to the possible harm associated with MPs deposited in snow,particularly in the context of global climate warming.MPs collected from surface snow in the Inner Mongolia Plateau,China,were used for quantitative analysis and identification.The results showed that MPs were easily detected,and the related concentration was approximately(68±10)-(199±22)MPs·L-1 in snow samples.Fibers were the most common morphology,the polymer composition was largely varied,and the abundance and composition of MPs were linked to human activity to a great extent.High-throughput sequencing results showed that the composition and abundance of microorganisms also differed in snow samples from areas with different MP pollution characteristics,indicating a considerable difference in microbial functional diversity.MPs may have an interference effect on the individual growth and functional expres-sion of microorganisms in snow.In addition,the results showed that functional living areas(e.g.,landfills and suburban areas)in cities play an important role in the properties of MPs.For instance,the highest abundance of MPs was found in thermal power plants,whereas the abundance of polymers per sample was significantly lower in the suburban area.The MP contaminants hidden in snow can alter microbial structure and function and are therefore a potential threat to ecosystem health.
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    Simultaneous Degradation,Dehalogenation,and Detoxification of Halogenated Antibiotics by Carbon Dioxide Radical Anions

    Yanzhou DingXia YuShuguang LyuHuajun Zhen...
    78-86页
    查看更多>>摘要：Despite the extensive application of advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)in water treatment,the effi-ciency of AOPs in eliminating various emerging contaminants such as halogenated antibiotics is con-strained by a number of factors.Halogen moieties exhibit strong resistance to oxidative radicals,affecting the dehalogenation and detoxification efficiencies.To address these limitations of AOPs,advanced reduction processes(ARPs)have been proposed.Herein,a novel nucleophilic reductant-namely,the carbon dioxide radical anion(CO·2-)-is introduced for the simultaneous degradation,dehalo-genation,and detoxification of florfenicol(FF),a typical halogenated antibiotic.The results demonstrate that FF is completely eliminated by CO2,with approximately 100％of Cl-and 46％of F-released after 120 min of treatment.Simultaneous detoxification is observed,which exhibits a linear response to the release of free inorganic halogen ions(R2=0.97,p＜0.01).The formation of halogen-free products is the primary reason for the superior detoxification performance of this method,in comparison with conventional hydroxyl-radical-based AOPs.Products identification and density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal the underlying dehalogenation mechanism,in which the chlorine moiety of FF is more susceptible than other moieties to nucleophilic attack by CO·2-.Moreover,CO·2--based ARPs exhibit superior dehalo-genation efficiencies(＞75％)in degrading a series of halogenated antibiotics,including chloramphenicol(CAP),thiamphenicol(THA),diclofenac(DLF),triclosan(TCS),and ciprofloxacin(CIP).The system shows high tolerance to the pH of the solution and the presence of natural water constituents,and demonstrates an excellent degradation performance in actual groundwater,indicating the strong application potential of CO·2--based ARPs in real life.Overall,this study elucidates the feasibility of CO·2-for the simultaneous degradation,dehalogenation,and detoxification of halogenated antibiotics and provides a promising method for their regulation during water or wastewater treatment.
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    Facilitated Prediction of Micropollutant Degradation via UV-AOPs in Various Waters by Combining Model Simulation and Portable Measurement

    Yanyan HuangMengkai LiZhe SunWentao Li...
    87-95页
    查看更多>>摘要：The degradation of micropollutants in water via ultraviolet(UV)-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)is strongly dependent on the water matrix.Various reactive radicals(RRs)formed in UV-AOPs have different reaction selectivities toward water matrices and degradation efficiencies for target micropollutants.Hence,process selection and optimization are crucial.This study developed a facilitated prediction method for the photon fluence-based rate constant for micropollutant degradation(k'p,Mp)in various UV-AOPs by combining model simulation with portable measurement.Portable methods for measuring the scavenging capacities of the principal RRs(RRSCs)involved in UV-AOPs(i.e.,HO·,SO·4-,and Cl·)using a mini-fluidic photoreaction system were proposed.The simulation models consisted of photochemical,quantitative structure-activity relationship,and radical concentration steady-state approximation models.The RRSCs were determined in eight test waters,and a higher RRSC was found to be associated with a more complex water matrix.Then,by taking sulfamethazine,caffeine,and carbamazepine as model micropollutants,the k'p.MP values in various UV-AOPs were predicted and further verified experimentally.A lower k'p,Mp was found to be associated with a higher RRSC for a stronger RR competition;for example,k'p,Mp values of 130.9 and 332.5 m2.einstein-1,respec-tively,were obtained for carbamazepine degradation by UV/H2O2 in the raw water(RRSC=9.47 ×x 104 s-1)and sand-filtered effluent(RRSC=2.87 x 104 s-1)of a drinking water treatment plant.The developed method facilitates process selection and optimization for UV-AOPs,which is essential for increasing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of water treatment.
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    A Transparent Photoresist Made of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle-Embedded Acrylic Resin with a Tunable Refractive Index for UV-Imprint Lithography

    Yinglu LiuDan WangChanglin LiuQianqian Hao...
    96-104页
    查看更多>>摘要：Transparent photoresists with a high refractive index(RI)and high transmittance in visible wavelengths have promising functionalities in optical fields.This work reports a kind of tunable optical material com-posed of titanium dioxide nanoparticles embedded in acrylic resin with a high RI for ultraviolet(UV)-imprint lithography.The hybrid film exhibits a tunable RI of up to 1.67(589 nm)after being cured by UV light,while maintaining both a high transparency of over 98％in the visible light range and a low haze of less than 0.05％.The precision machining of optical microstructures can be imprinted easily and effi-ciently using the hybrid resin,which acts as a light guide plate(LGP)to guide the light from the side to the top in order to conserve the energy of the display device.These preliminary studies based on both laboratory and commercial experiments pave the way for exploiting the unparalleled optical properties of nanocomposite resins and promoting their industrial application.
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    High-Voltage and Fast-Charging Lithium Cobalt Oxide Cathodes:From Key Challenges and Strategies to Future Perspectives

    Gongrui WangZhihong BiAnping ZhangPratteek Das...
    105-127页
    查看更多>>摘要：Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)with the"double-high"characteristics of high energy density and high power density are in urgent demand for facilitating the development of advanced portable electronics.However,the lithium ion(Li+)-storage performance of the most commercialized lithium cobalt oxide(LiCoO2,LCO)cathodes is still far from satisfactory in terms of high-voltage and fast-charging capabilities for reaching the double-high target.Herein,we systematically summarize and discuss high-voltage and fast-charging LCO cathodes,covering in depth the key fundamental challenges,latest advancements in modification strategies,and future perspectives in this field.Comprehensive and elaborated discussions are first pre-sented on key fundamental challenges related to structural degradation,interfacial instability,the inho-mogeneity reactions,and sluggish interfacial kinetics.We provide an instructive summary of deep insights into promising modification strategies and underlying mechanisms,categorized into element doping(Li-site,cobalt-/oxygen-site,and multi-site doping)for improved Li+diffusivity and bulk-structure stability;surface coating(dielectrics,ionic/electronic conductors,and their combination)for surface stability and conductivity;nanosizing;combinations of these strategies;and other strategies(i.e.,optimization of the electrolyte,binder,tortuosity of electrodes,charging protocols,and pre-lithiation methods).Finally,forward-looking perspectives and promising directions are sketched out and insightfully elucidated,providing constructive suggestions and instructions for designing and realiz-ing high-voltage and fast-charging LCO cathodes for next-generation double-high LIBs.
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    Dietary Lipid Intervention in the Prevention of Brain Aging

    Wei XiongBing FangXiaoyu WangMing Zhang...
    128-137页
    查看更多>>摘要：As people live longer,the burden of aging-related brain diseases,especially dementia,is increasing.Brain aging increases the risk of cognitive impairment,which manifests as a progressive loss of neuron function caused by the impairment of synaptic plasticity via disrupting lipid homeostasis.Therefore,supplemental dietary lipids have the potential to prevent brain aging.This review summarizes the important roles of dietary lipids in brain function from both structure and mechanism perspectives.Epidemiological and animal studies have provided evidence of the functions of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs)in brain health.The results of interventions indicate that phospholipids-including phosphatidylcholine,phos-phatidylserine,and plasmalogen-are efficient in alleviating cognitive impairment during aging,with plasmalogen exhibiting higher efficacy than phosphatidylserine.Plasmalogen is a recognized nutrient used in clinical trials due to its special vinyl ether bonds and abundance in the postsynaptic membrane of neurons.Future research should determine the dose-dependent effects of plasmalogen in alleviating brain-aging diseases and should develop extraction and storage procedures for its clinical application.
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    A Polyvinyl Alcohol/Acrylamide Hydrogel with Enhanced Mechanical Properties Promotes Full-Thickness Skin Defect Healing by Regulating Immunomodulation and Angiogenesis Through Paracrine Secretion

    Peng WangLiping QianHuixin LiangJianhao Huang...
    138-151页
    查看更多>>摘要：Hydrogel-based tissue-engineered skin has attracted increased attention due to its potential to restore the structural integrity and functionality of skin.However,the mechanical properties of hydrogel scaf-folds and natural skin are substantially different.Here,we developed a polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)/acry-lamide based interpenetrating network(IPN)hydrogel that was surface modified with polydopamine(PDA)and termed Dopa-gel.The Dopa-gel exhibited mechanical properties similar to native skin tissue and a superior ability to modulate paracrine functions.Furthermore,a tough scaffold with tensile resis-tance was fabricated using this hydrogel by three-dimensional printing.The results showed that the interpenetration of PVA,alginate,and polyacrylamide networks notably enhanced the mechanical prop-erties of the hydrogel.Surface modification with PDA endowed the hydrogels with increased secretion of immunomodulatory and proangiogenic factors.In an in vivo model,Dopa-gel treatment accelerated wound closure,increased vascularization,and promoted a shift in macrophages from a proinflammatory M1 phenotype to a prohealing and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype within the wound area.Mechanistically,the focal adhesion kinase(FAK)/extracellular signal-related kinase(ERK)signaling path-way may mediate the promotion of skin defect healing by increasing paracrine secretion via the Dopa-gel.Additionally,proangiogenic factors can be induced through Rho-associated kinase-2(ROCK-2)/vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)-mediated paracrine secretion under tensile stress conditions.Taken together,these findings suggest that the multifunctional Dopa-gel,which has good mechanical properties similar to those of native skin tissue and enhanced immunomodulatory and angiogenic properties,is a promising scaffold for skin tissue regeneration.
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    Proximal Femur Bionic Nail(PFBN):A Panacea for Unstable Intertrochanteric Femur Fracture

    Kaixuan ZhangWei ChenYingze Zhang
    152-158页
    查看更多>>摘要：With the aging population,intertrochanteric femur fracture in the elderly has become one of the most serious public health issues and a hot topic of research in trauma orthopedics.Due to the limitations of internal fixation techniques and the insufficient mechanical design of nails,the occurrence of compli-cations delays patient recovery after surgical treatment.Design of a proximal femur bionic nail(PFBN)based on Zhang's N triangle theory provides triangular supporting fixation,which dramatically decreases the occurrence of complications and has been widely used for clinical treatment of unstable intertrochan-teric femur fracture worldwide.In this work,we developed an equivalent biomechanical model to ana-lyze improvement in bone remodeling of unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture through PFBN use.The results show that compared with proximal femoral nail antirotation(PFNA)and InterTan,PFBN can dramatically decrease the maximum strain in the proximal femur.Based on Frost's mechanostat the-ory,the local mechanical environment in the proximal femur can be regulated into the medium overload region by using a PFBN,which may render the proximal femur in a state of physiological overload,favor-ing post-operative recovery of intertrochanteric femur fracture in the elderly.This work shows that PFBN may constitute a panacea for unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture and provides insights into improving methods of internal fixation.
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    Properties and Characteristics of Regolith-Based Materials for Extraterrestrial Construction

    Cheng ZhouYuyue GaoYan ZhouWei She...
    159-181页
    查看更多>>摘要：The construction of extraterrestrial bases has become a new goal in the active exploration of deep space.Among the construction techniques,in situ resource-based construction is one of the most promising because of its good sustainability and acceptable economic cost,triggering the development of various types of extraterrestrial construction materials.A comprehensive survey and comparison of materials from the perspective of performance was conducted to provide suggestions for material selection and optimization.Thirteen types of typical construction materials are discussed in terms of their reliability and applicability in extreme extraterrestrial environment.Mechanical,thermal and optical,and radiation-shielding properties are considered.The influencing factors and optimization methods for these properties are analyzed.From the perspective of material properties,the existing challenges lie in the comprehensive,long-term,and real characterization of regolith-based construction materials.Correspondingly,the suggested future directions include the application of high-throughput characteri-zation methods,accelerated durability tests,and conducting extraterrestrial experiments.
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