查看更多>>摘要：Hollow multishelled structure(HoMS),a promising and complex multifunctional structural system,features at least two shells that are separated by internal voids.The unique structure endows it with numerous advantages including low density,high loading capacity,large specific surface area,facilitated mass transport,and multiple spatial confinement effect.In the past twenty years,benefiting from the booming development of synthesis methods,various HoMS materials have been prepared and show promising applications in diverse areas.HoMS has gradually developed into one of the frontiers of materials and chemistry science,attracting extensive attention from many scientists.In this review,the synthesis chemistry of HoMS and its diverse compositions and structures are systematically introduced,the unique properties of"temporal-spatial ordering"and"dynamic smart behavior"of HoMS are highlighted,and the applications of HoMS in energy storage,catalysis,electromagnetic wave absorption,drug delivery and sensor are fully shown.We hope to reveal the intrinsic relationship between the precise synthesis of HoMS and its tunable composition and structural features.We hope the exploration of frontier scientific concepts and phenomena in HoMS research can provide inspiration for its future direction,and promote the flourishing progress of HoMS.
查看更多>>摘要：Multi-fountional hollow structures have emerged as promising platforms for intelligent drug delivery due to their unique properties,such as high loading capacities and programmed drug release.In particular,hollow multishell structures(HoMSs)with multilevel shell and space can regulate the molecular-level interaction between drugs and materials,so as to achieve the temporal-spatial order and sequential release of drugs.The anisotropic hollow structures can control the drug diffusion process by inducing the macroscopic interface flow through autonomous movement,realizing the targeted drug transport and release.In this paper,a key focus will be HoMSs with their temporal-ordered architectures and anisotropic hollow carriers with directional movement.Their synthesis mechanisms,structure-property relationships,smartly programmed drug delivery and biomedical applications will be discussed,providing insights into designing next-generation intelligent drug carriers.
查看更多>>摘要：Hollow multi-shelled structures(HoMSs)have made significant strides across a wide spectrum of scientific investigations since the inception of the sequential templating approach(STA)in 2009,revealing distinctive temporal-spatial ordering properties.The recent establishment of a mathematical model for STA has not only demystified the formation of concentration waves within the STA process but also extended its relevance to gentler solution-based systems,thereby broadening the HoMS landscape.Herein,focusing on photoelectric applications,this review first summarizes the unique temporal-spatial ordering features of HoMS.Subsequentially,the greatly enhanced properties of light capture and absorption,exciton separation,and transfer are deeply discussed.Finally,we conclude with a perspective on the potential challenges and burgeoning opportunities that lie ahead in the advancement of HoMS development.
查看更多>>摘要：Due to its highest theoretical capacity and its lowest redox potential,lithium(Li)metal has been considered as the ultimate anode choice for high-energy-density rechargeable batteries.However,its commercialization is severely hindered by its poor cyclic stability and safety issues.Diverse material structure design concepts have been raised to address these failure models,wherein,hollow structure has shown great power in solving the challenges.Especially,a hollow multishelled structure(HoMS)featured with two or more shells has been proved to be more efficient to improve Li metal anode than their single-shelled counterparts.Herein,this up-to-date review summarizes the recent progress of the application of HoMS in Li metal anode,including their adoption as Li metal host,artificial solid electrolyte interphase film,electrolyte additive,solid state electrolyte,etc.HoMS offers unique advantages,such as suppressing Li dendrite growth,stabilizing electrode-electrolyte interface,and improving overall battery performance.Future research directions are outlined,emphasizing the need for multifunctional integrated smart HoMS design and large-scale fabrication of HoMS through low-cost accurate method to further advance the commercialization of Li metal batteries.
查看更多>>摘要：Electrochemical water splitting using renewable energy sources has been recognized as a sustainable way to produce hydrogen energy due to the characteristics of low-carbon and no pollution.However,the slow hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions(HER/OER)seriously hinder the practical application of large-scale water splitting.In this paper,the 0D Ni/Co-based hollow material is discussed in detail because of adjustable morphology,low mass density and abundant active sites,which provides an effective solution for improving the HER/OER reaction kinetics.The synthesis methods of hollow materials,such as hard template,soft template and self-template are introduced.Afterward,catalysts with different structural designs of hollow structures are reviewed including hollow single-shelled structure,hollow core-shelled structure,hollow double-shelled structure and hollow multi-shelled structure(HoMS)catalysts.Wherein,the research progress of the 0D Ni/Co-based HoMS electrocatalysts in recent years and their prominent performances in water splitting are highlighted.Finally,the challenges and development prospects of designing Ni/Co-based HoMS catalysts in water splitting in the future are discussed.
查看更多>>摘要：The surface microstructure can be influenced by surface environment,weak adsorption,and bonding interactions,leading to the changes of surface electronic states and the configuration of active sites,which affects the mass-energy transfer pathway.The interaction between multiple species on the surface of light-absorbing materials directly impacts the performance of photothermal catalytic process.Based on this,we present the latest perspectives on photothermal CO2 capture and conversion,which focus on(1)the mechanism of functional group-assisted photothermal process,(2)the effects of functional group species,configurations,spatial positions,and surface interactions on photothermal catalytic reactions,and(3)the interaction between substrates and functional groups.Finally,an insightful perspective is drawn in the last section.
查看更多>>摘要：Single-atom catalysts(SACs)have garnered extensive attention in the field of catalysis due to their exceptional inherent reaction activity,optimal utilization of metal atoms,etc.Controlled synthesis plays a crucial role in elucidating the structure-activity relationship of SACs.This paper reviews various synthetic strategies for SACs,encompassing defect engineering,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)pyrolysis,and ion exchange.With specific examples,the significance of constructing catalysts at the atomic level is discussed,aiming to comprehensively understand the synthetic strategies of SACs.Finally,it addresses the challenges and prospects associated with controlled synthesis techniques for SACs as well as their future applications.
查看更多>>摘要：CeO2 with excellent oxygen storage-exchange capacity and NiO with excellent surface activity were used to construct a heterogeneous NiO-CeO2-δ hollow multi-shelled structure(HoMS)by spray drying.It turned out that as the proportion of CeO2 increases,the overpotential and Tafel slope of NiO-CeO2-δ HoMSs first decreased and then increased.This is mainly because the construction of the NiO-CeO2-δ HoMSs not only increases the specific surface area,but also introduces oxygen vacancy defects,thus improving the interface charge transfer capability of the materials and further improving the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance.However,the increase of the calcination temperature will induce the decay of the OER performance of NiO-CeO2-δ HoMSs,which is mainly due to the decrease of the specific surface area,the reduction of oxygen vacancy defects,and the weakening of interface charge transfer capability.Furthermore,a series of heterogeneous composite HoMSs,such as Ni/Co,Mo/Ni,Al/Ni and Fe/Ni oxides was successfully constructed by spray drying,which enriched the diversity of HoMSs.
查看更多>>摘要：Photocatalytic CO2 reduction driven by solar light is a green approach that can decrease the greenhouse effect induced by high CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and generate carbon-based chemicals/fuels as well.In this paper,non-metal co-catalysts ZnO/ZnS type-Ⅱ hetero-junction nanoparticles with a rough surface were prepared through a hydrothermal process.When used as a photocatalyst for CO2 reduction,the optimal one showed good cycle stability and a higher yield rate of 27.8 μmol·g-1·h-1 for CO2 conversion into CO.The outstanding catalytic activity originated from the rich interfaces between ZnO and ZnS in the nanoscale could significantly reduce the delivery path of carriers and improve the utilization efficiency of photo-excited electron/hole pairs and the enriched surface oxygen defects could supply much more reaction active sites for CO2 adsorption.
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