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国际流行病学传染病学杂志
国际流行病学传染病学杂志

毛江森

双月刊

1673-4149

gjlczz@sohu.com

0571-88215500

310013

浙江省杭州市天目山路182号

国际流行病学传染病学杂志/Journal International Journal of Epidemiology and Infectious Disease北大核心CSTPCD
查看更多>>1974年创刊，中华人民共和国卫生部主管，中华医学会、浙江省医学科学院主办。本刊是公开发行的国家级医学学术期刊，中国科技论文统计源期刊、中国科技核心期刊，国家首批允许刊登处方药广告的重点专业媒体。杂志栏目设有决策参考、专家论坛、论著、短篇论著、临床经验、病例报道、实验研究、综述、讲座及国际会议动态等。
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    中国成人幽门螺杆菌分离株对抗菌药物耐药性的Meta分析

    周燕郝倩白飞虎
    49-55页
    查看更多>>摘要：目的 了解中国成人幽门螺杆菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药性及其趋势和地区差异。 方法 检索PubMed、Embase、知网、万方和维普2000年1月至2021年12月发表的有关中国人群中幽门螺杆菌对抗菌药物耐药的文献，采用随机效应模型分析中国成人幽门螺杆菌对常用抗菌药物的合并耐药率。按地区和样本采集时间进行亚组分析，对可能影响耐药性的因素包括年龄、性别、内镜表现进行亚组分析汇总。 结果 最终纳入157项研究，包括来自中国7个地区29个省份的197 087株幽门螺杆菌。中国成人幽门螺杆菌对甲硝唑的耐药率最高(80.5%)，对庆大霉素耐药率最低(0.9%)。东北[16.7%（95%CI：5.0%~33.3%）]地区的克拉霉素总合并耐药率≤20%，华南[11.5%（95%CI：4.3%~20.2%）]和华中[15.1%（95%CI：1.9%~37.1%）]地区的患者对左氧氟沙星合并耐药率<20%。男性幽门螺杆菌感染者对左氧氟沙星和甲硝唑的耐药率分别为25.1%和79.6%，均低于女性（χ 2=15.82和156.88,P<0.001）。≥50岁感染者对克拉霉素、左氧氟沙星和甲硝唑的耐药率分别为30.1%、28.1%和90.2%，均高于<50岁的感染者（χ 2=12.81、40.78和52.65,P<0.001）。溃疡性疾病患者对甲硝唑和阿莫西林耐药率分别为73.8%和8.8%，高于非溃疡性疾病患者（χ 2=8.34和21.44,P<0.001）。 结论 中国成人幽门螺杆菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药性不断上升，各地区耐药率有很大差异，持续耐药监测必不可少。经验根除治疗抗菌药物的选择应参考地方监测的耐药数据，同时应关注女性和≥50岁患者，并应确认患者是否患有溃疡性疾病。 Objective To assess the antibiotics resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Chinese adults and the trends and geographical differences. Methods The literatures on antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Chinese adults published from January 2000 to December 2021 were retrieved in PubMed, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases. The combined resistance rates of Helicobacter pylori to commonly used antibiotics in Chinese adults were analyzed using a random-effect model. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on region and sample collection time, and factors potentially influencing resistance, including age, gender, and endoscopic findings were pooled in subgroup analyses. Results A total of 157 studies were included, covering 197 087 Helicobacter pylori strains from 29 provinces in 7 regions of China. The resistance rate of Helicobacter pylori to metronidazole in Chinese adults was the highest (80.5%), while the resistance rate to gentamicin was the lowest (0.9%). The overall combined resistance rate of clarithromycin in Northeast China[16.7% (95%CI: 5.0%-33.3%) ] was lower than or equal to 20%. The overall combined resistance rates of levofloxacin in South China [11.5% (95%CI: 4.3%-20.2%)] and Central China [15.1% (95%CI: 1.9%-37.1%)] were lower than 20%. The resistance rates to levofloxacin and metronidazole were significantly lower in male Helicobacter pylori infected individuals (25.1% and 79.6%) than in females (χ 2=15.82 and 156.88, P<0.001). Resistance rates of clarithromycin, levofloxacin and metronidazole were significantly higher in individuals aged ≥50 years (30.1%, 28.1% and 90.2%) than those in aged <50 years (χ 2=12.81, 40.78 and 52.65, P<0.001). The resistance rates inHelicobacter pylori from ulcerative disease patients to metronidazole and amoxicillin were 73.8% and 8.8%,which were higher than those in non-ulcerative disease patients(χ 2=8.34 and 21.44, P<0.001). Conclusions The antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Chinese adults is increasing with significant regional variations in resistance rates. Continuous resistance monitoring is essential. The choice of antibiotics for empirical eradication therapy should consider local drug resistance data, as well as females, patients above 50 years, and the presence of ulcerative disease.

    幽门螺杆菌中国成人耐药性

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    2015和2021年浙江省某职业高中已发生性行为学生性安全知识和性行为变化情况

    赵湘黄玉王憓
    56-62页
    查看更多>>摘要：目的 了解2015和2021年职业高中（以下简称"职高"）已发生性行为学生性安全知识、拒绝无套性行为自我效能、对学校性教育和HIV/STD预防教育评价和性行为的变化情况。 方法 分别于2015和2021年对浙江省中部地区某区同一所职高一年级和二年级的学生采用同一问卷、同样调查方法分别开展匿名调查。对两次调查结果进行单因素分析比较，对在单因素分析中分布差异具有统计学意义的变量继续进行多因素分析。 结果 在2015年和2021年分别调查职高学生1 839人和1 960人，性行为发生率分别为14.5%（266/1 839）和6.5%（128/1 960）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：已经发生性行为的学生中，认为性接触是HIV主要传播途径（OR=16.73，95%CI:9.25~30.24），认为得了STD更容易感染HIV（OR=9.66，95%CI:5.67~16.44），认为使用安全套可以减少STD感染（OR=15.50，95%CI:8.58~28.00）和HIV感染（OR=10.21，95%CI:8.03~17.64），能拒绝发生无套性行为（OR=2.71，95%CI:1.65~4.42），接受过学校性教育和HIV/STD预防教育并评价其为"好"（OR=6.51，95%CI:3.46~12.27）；研究对象发生过口交（OR=2.62，95%CI:1.58~4.33）和肛交（OR=2.20，95%CI:1.14~4.46）、坚持安全套使用（OR=2.70，95%CI:1.58~4.61）、曾经采用安全套避孕（OR=4.07，95%CI:2.34~7.08），2021年的比例显著高于2015年，而自己或性伴怀孕经历（OR=0.19, 95%CI: 0.04~0.96）则相反。 结论 2021年与2015年比较，已发生性行为职高学生的性安全知识、拒绝无套性行为自我效能、对学校性教育和HIV/STD预防教育评价以及性行为发生了正向变化，但这些正向变化的影响还不足以达到预防和阻断HIV/STD传播的目的。 Objective To understand the characteristics of changes on knowledge of sexual safety, self-efficacy of rejecting condomless sex, sex education and HIV/STD prevention education in school, and sexual behaviors among sexually active students in a vocational high school in 2015 and 2021. Methods Anonymous surveys were conducted in 2015 and 2021 among the first and second-year students from the same vocational high school in a district of central Zhejiang Province using the same questionnaire and survey method. The results of the two surveys were compared by univariate analysis, and the variables showing statistically significant differences were further compared by multivariate analysis. Results In 2015 and 2021, a total of 1 839 and 1 960 students were surveyed with sexual activity rates of 14.5% (266/1 839) and 6.5% (128/1 960), respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the proportions of sexually active students knowing that sexual contact was the main way of HIV transmission (OR=16.73, 95%CI:9.25-30.24), knowing that having STD increased the risk of HIV infection (OR=9.66, 95%CI:5.67-16.44), knowing that using condoms could reduce STD infection (OR=15.50, 95%CI: 8.58-28.00) and HIV infection (OR=10.21, 95%CI:8.03-17.64), being able to reject condomless sex(OR=2.71, 95%CI: 1.65-4.42), receiving school sex education and STD/HIV prevention education and rating it as good (OR=6.51, 95%CI:3.46-12.27) engaging in oral sex (OR=2.62, 95%CI: 1.58-4.33) and anal sex (OR=2.20, 95%CI: 1.14-4.46), having used condom consistently(OR=2.70, 95%CI:1.58-4.61), having used condom for contraception(OR=4.07, 95%CI: 2.34-7.08) in 2021 were significantly higher in those in 2015. While the proportion of personal or partner pregnancy experience was the opposite (OR=0.19, 95%CI: 0.04-0.96). Conclusions Compared to 2015, there has been positive changes in the knowledge of sexual safety, self-efficacy in rejecting condomless sex, evaluation of sex education and HIV/STD prevention education in school, and sexual behaviors among the sexually active students in 2021. However, the impact of these positive changes is still insufficient to achieve prevention and interruption of HIV/STD transmission.

    性行为职业高中学生性安全知识特征分析

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    戊型肝炎病毒实验感染的动物模型

    耿家宝熊熙缪幼菡赵卫峰...
    63-67页
    查看更多>>摘要：戊型肝炎是由HEV引起的常见传染病，它的动物宿主比较广泛，在散发性病例发生过程发挥重要作用。研究HEV动物宿主、实验感染动物模型，对戊型肝炎的防控、HEV致病机制、跨物种传播、疫苗及治疗方案评估等相关研究具有现实意义。本文将对HEV常见动物宿主、实验感染动物模型进行综述。 Hepatitis E is a common infectious disease caused by HEV. HEV has a wide range of animal hosts playing an important role in occurrence of sporadic hepatitis E. The study of animal hosts and animal models of HEV infection has important practical significance for the prevention and control of hepatitis E, as well as for understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of HEV, cross species transmission, vaccine and treatment evaluation and other related research. This article reviews the common animal hosts of HEV and animal models of HEV infection.

    戊型肝炎病毒动物宿主实验感染动物模型

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    艾滋病人群相关症状对生存质量的影响

    谢美莲王爱平
    68-72页
    查看更多>>摘要：随着抗病毒治疗的普及与规范化进程，艾滋病人群的生存率得到显著提升，其寿命得到有效延长，但相伴发生的多种症状却仍影响着艾滋病人群总体生存情况。本文从症状与生存质量关联的理论出发，进而追踪不同症状维度、症状群与生存质量关系的研究进展，激发临床实践者、医学研究者促进艾滋病人群生存质量不断提升。 With the popularization and standardization of antiviral therapy, the survival rate of people living with HIV/AIDS has significantly improved, and their life expectancy has been effectively prolonged. However, various accompanying symptoms affect the overall survival situation of HIV/AIDS population. This article reviews the theoretical development of the relationship between symptoms and quality of life, tracks the research progress in the relationship among different symptom dimensions, symptom clusters, and quality of life. It aims to inspire clinical practitioners and medical researchers to continuously improve the quality of life of people with HIV/AIDS.

    获得性免疫缺陷综合征症状评估生存质量交互效应

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